Zika malungo: zimayambitsa, zizindikiro, chithandizo, kupewa

nambala yaikulu mavairasi analipo chilengedwe. Majeremusi amene sangathe kuona ndi apoyera, chifukwa matenda munthu wosiyana. Ena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ngakhale kuyambitsa imfa. Zeke ndi kachilombo koopsa kwambiri.

The causative wothandizila matendawa

Zika malungo - matenda omwe amachititsa HIV a dzina lomweli. Iye ndi membala wa mtundu Flavivirus. Kwa nthawi yoyamba kachilombo koyambitsa anali wapezeka magazi mu 1947 anyani amene amakhala mu nkhalango Sika (Uganda). N'chifukwa chake dzina ili anali nthumwi causative malungo.

Mu 1948, Zika HIV, asayansi atulukira mu udzudzu omwe ankakhala ku nkhalango chomwecho. Maphunziro akhala akufufuza m'tsogolo mwa akatswiri anasonyeza kuti tizilomboto akhoza kupatsira anthu. Milandu matenda omwe akhala kuzindikiridwa mu 1952 (Uganda ndi Republic United la Tanzania).

Kufala kwa malungo

matenda pa nthawiyo ankaona zabwinobwino. Pakhala palibe kubuka kugwirizana ndi matenda, monga malungo Zika. M'mayiko ena kudziwa wothandizila causative? Chitetezo ku HIV akhala wapezeka anthu mu Africa ndi Asia South-East (Egypt, India, Vietnam, Indonesia, Central African Republic, Thailand, etc.). Chidwi matenda anatuluka pakati ofufuza zaposachedwapa, pamene matenda wayamba achuluke kwambiri kupitirira mulingo wake.

Inayamba woyamba malungo Sika anatchulidwa pa zilumba za Yap mu Pacific Ocean, ndipo ndinu gawo la za Federated States of Micronesia. Pambuyo mayesero zasayansi anatsimikizira milandu 49 matenda. Patapita zaka zingapo, mliri wina mayina Polynesia French. Mu 2013-2014, 32 chikwi. Anthu kafukufuku. dongosolo National anaziika ali owerengedwa kuposa 8 zikwi. amaganiziridwa milandu matenda. Awa, anthu 383 anatsimikizira BVVZ (a matenda chifukwa cha HIV Zika) pambuyo mayesero zasayansi.

Mu 2014, matenda anadza kwa America South. Zika malungo anapezeka pa anthu a Isitala Island. Patapita chaka ndi RNA wa tizilomboto inapezeka anthu okhala kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Brazil. Kuyambira January 2015 pa February milandu 2016 matenda ndi HIV analembedwa m'mayiko 44. BVVZ vuto lonse.

Mbali yoyamba ya malungo Zika ku Russia

Mu Australia, China, Japan, Canada ndi Europe analemba yekha "kunja" milandu. ngati yobereka malungo komanso olembedwa Russia Zeke alendo, anabwerera kwawo. Female (zaka - zaka 36) anali ndi mpumulo mu Dominican Republic mu nyengo kuchokera 27 January 3 February 2016. Kangapo konse Tenepa Mose acita udzudzu, chifukwa cha zomwe matenda anaonekera.

Zika malungo akuwonetseredwa mu tsiku adzabweranso. Alendo anamva kufooka, kusapeza m'mimba. Atafika ku Russia, iye adayamba kuona pa zizindikiro zotsatirazi: lotayirira chimbudzi, mutu, okhadzula pa chifuwa ndi manja, malungo. A masiku angapo atabwerako mkazi m'chipatala mu mkhalidwe kusalekerera zolimbitsa. Madokotala taonera hyperemia ake oropharynx, zidzolo kakang'ono pa nkhope, nthunthu ndi miyendo, kuwonjezeka mfundo khomo lachiberekero lymph, malungo mpaka madigiri 38.

Kupereka zizindikiro kwathandiza madokotala amaganiza pamaso pa amodzi mwa matenda monga malungo matendawa ndi Zeke. chithandizo akhoza mankhwala pokhapokha matenda zolondola. The akatswiri anatenga zitsanzo zasayansi mayesero mkodzo ndi magazi. M'kupita kwa maphunziro aona tizilombo RNA Zika.

The kulanda tizilomboto mwa kulumidwa

Onyamula HIV ndi udzudzu wa mtundu Aedes (AE. Africanus, AE. Aegypti, AE. Albopictus). Tizilomboto akulowa thupi la tizilombo ting'onoting'ono pambuyo odwala anyani. Kodi matenda anyani - funso yankho limene sangathe kupereka sayansi yamakono. The posungira wa HIV m'chilengedwe sakudziwika.

Anthu Zika malungo zikadzatha suction udzudzu kachilombo. Pa nthawi ya kuluma mavairasi umalowa mu thupi la munthu, amafalitsidwa pa izo ndi panopa Mitsempha. Izi tizilomboto kufala njira amatchedwa transmissible.

kufala Kugona kachilombo

Anthu kachilombo Zika malungo, tizilomboto anali wapezeka osati madzi ndi seramu, komanso mu umuna, ukazi. Zimenezi analola akatswiri amanena kuti transmissive akafuna kufala silili. HIV akhoza kulowa m'thupi la munthu wathanzi pa ubwenzi ndi wodwalayo.

Choka malungo pogonana Sika olembedwa France, Italy, ndi US, New Zealand ndi Argentina. The causative wothandizila matenda nazonso wapezeka mu malovuwo, mkodzo anthu odwala. Komabe, pakadali pano palibe umboni wochirikiza kuthekera kufala kwa HIV kudzera ndi madzi a m'thupi anati.

Kufala kwa HIV kwa mwana wosabadwayo pa mimba kapena pobereka

Zika malungo angagwiritsidwe opatsirana kwa mwana nthawi mimba kapena pobereka. Transplacental ofukula kufala kwa HIV amakwiya intrauterine matenda ndi maonekedwe a malformations. Infection zikuchitika pobereka, kuchititsa matenda obadwa nawo.

matenda Intrauterine zikhoza:

• kuti chapakati mantha dongosolo;
• yoopsa kukula retardation;
• placental insufficiency ;
• yoopsa imfa.

Zeke pa malungo oyambirira mimba angayambe microcephaly. Akatswiri Mawu kumvetsa chigaza chochepa kwambiri ndi ubongo. Ana amene ali Vuto uyu, atatha kubadwa kwa mutu si kukula. Microcephaly - chikhalidwe mwachilungamo osowa. Komabe, mu 2015-2016 chiwerengero cha ana amene anabadwa ndi kudwala izi chawonjezeka kwambiri. Ichi ndi chifukwa malungo Zika. Nthawi imeneyi anali oposa 5 zikwi. Kubereka ana ndi microcephaly amayi ndi kachilombo.

zizindikiro

Atabatizidwa analumidwa ndi udzudzu kuti ndi chotengera cha HIV, nthawi makulitsidwe akuyamba. nthawi yake kwa masiku 3 mpaka masabata 2. Zizindikiro koyamba kudzachitika patapita nthawi ndi makulitsidwe. Tikumbukenso kuti mawonetseredwe matenda a matenda akufotokozera mu% 20-25 okha a anthu kachilombo. Madokotala akhoza amaganiziridwa matenda amenewa, monga malungo Zeke, zizindikiro izi chiyenera kuchitika:

• malungo limodzi;
• okhadzula pa thunthu ndi malekezero;
• olowa ululu;
• kutupa kwa nembanemba mucous cha maso.

Odwala ena amadandaula kupweteka minofu ndi m'mimba, mofulumira ndipo kawirikawiri chimbudzi lotayirira, kusanza, pruritus. Komabe, zizindikiro za malungo Zika kuonekera kwambiri kawirikawiri.

mathandizidwe ndi

The madzi ndi magazi seramu, malovu, mkodzo, umuna - zakuthupi oyenera kudziwika matenda monga malungo Zika. Matendawa angathe kuchitidwa pa madzimadzi cerebrospinal ndi amniotic, ngati n'koyenera, ndi umbilical chingwe magazi. Pamene imfa ya zitsanzo phunziro anthu a ziwalo (chiwindi, impso, ubongo, m'mapapo).

Kwenikweni akatswiri amangosonyeza magazi zitsanzo zosankhidwazi. Ndondomeko anachita m'mawa. Magazi mu nsalu yotchinga tikuonera mayeso 3-4 ml ya chubu ndi anticoagulant lapansi. Ndiye centrifuged kupeza Plaza. Mwachidule akatswiri nyemba kusungidwa isanafike polymerase unyolo anachita (PCR):

• masiku oposa 5 kutentha madigiri 4-8 Celsius;
• 1 chaka pa madigiri opanda 6-20;
• kwa nthawi yaitali pa kutentha -70 digiri Celsius.

seramu anawakonzera njira muyezo. Iwo kusungidwa mpaka kukhazikitsa serological ndi maselo maphunziro ku maselo modes ndi matenda monga madzi a m'magazi.

Matendawa alandirika amathera masiku 5-7 matenda, ndipo masiku 7-10. Mlungu woyamba wa matenda ndi polymerase unyolo anachita (PCR) mu zitsanzo magazi amatengedwa anaulula Zika malungo HIV - m'malo RNA ake. chitetezo IgM ali wapezeka ndi za 5-6 masiku malungo. Pakutha pa sabata lachiwiri la matenda kuoneka IgG chitetezo kalasi mu magazi a anthu kachilombo.

malungo chithandizo

M'mayiko onse, kupatula Russia m'chipatala cha anthu ndi zizindikiro za matenda chifukwa cha HIV Zika anachita pokhapokha ngati kukomoka anasonyeza. Mu Russia, chirichonse chiri chosiyana. odwala onse ndi zizindikiro Muzisamala kuchipatala ku chipatala opatsirana kumene akukumana ndi mayesero.

Zika malungo, amene zizindikiro anaonekera, limapezeka kawirikawiri wofatsa. Madokotala mankhwala odwala antipyretics amalangiza wambiri zina ndi kumamwa kowirikiza madzi. Causal mankhwala amene angathe kuchotsa chimene chimayambitsa Zika malungo kulibe. mabungwe Research ndi makampani mayiko ntchito kukhala mankhwala mavairasi oyambitsa. Koma sanabadwe anakwanitsa kukhala mankhwala akhoza kuwononga tizilomboto mu thupi la munthu.

mwapadera ziperekedwe kwa kasamalidwe ka amayi apakati ndi malungo Zika. Pamene matenda a matenda a akazi amene ali pa udindo osavomerezeka asidi acetylsalicylic. Mu trimester mimba m'pofunika malizitsani kafukufuku. njira unachitikira ultrasound ntchito olanda matenda akalandire chithandizo. Zotsatira analandira ungatithandize kuthetsa funso la kuteteza kutenga mimba.

zosokonezeka zotheka

Mu 2015, inayamba BVVZ ku Brazil anawalemba. Akatswiri kuona zinthu, ananena kuti anthu ambiri a kachilombo chawonjezeka chiwerengero cha odwala ndi matenda Guillain-Barré. Ichi ndi mkhalidwe umene chitetezo munthu zimakhudza mantha dongosolo zotumphukira.

Nthawi zambiri, anthu amene ali ndi matenda Guillain-Barre ndi wofatsa. Odwala zindikirani mu kufooka kwake ndi kumva kulasalasa mu m'munsi malekezero ndi chapamwamba. Anthu ena ali ndi ziwalo za miyendo, manja, minofu nkhope. Zikavuta wa syndrome Guillain-Barre kumabweretsa ziwalo za minofu kupuma, mtima kumangidwa. Motero, munthu amafa.

Odwala matenda Guillain-Barre, malungo anachititsa Zika, ayenera kusamala mosamala (amafuna kuwunika magazi, kugunda, kupuma). N'chifukwa chake anthu odwala, ngakhale mavuto wofatsa kuti kuchipatala.

zodzitetezera

Pofuna kuti anakumana ndi matenda amenewa, monga malungo Zika, pofuna kukhala otsatirawa:

1. Anthu amene amasankha malo a holide anu kunja, ndi bwino powasamalira mayiko amene zinthu zinkawayendera mawu AIDS.
2. Ngati tchuthi cha inyamuka mu boma, komwe magwero a malungo udzudzu, izo m'pofunika kutenga tizilombo kufumbwa. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala akuda zovala okuta yaikulu ya thupi ndi kuteteza tizilombo.
3. Mu mahotela musati kutsegula mawindo pokhapokha zili ndi maukonde udzudzu.
4. Muyeneranso kupewa kuyendera madambo. muli madzi (matayala, maluwa miphika) ayenera anadzikhuthula ndi kuyeretsa (kapena chinachake kuphimba), chifukwa udzudzu chikondi m'mlengalenga mvula ndipo ozizira.

Musaiwale kuti BVVZ akhoza opatsirana pogonana. Atabwerera ku tchuthi mwa masabata 8 (popanda zizindikiro) ayenera kutsatira pogonana kudzanso (ntchito makondomu kapena musayandikire wapamtima). Zizindikiro woyamba wa matenda njira iyi ya moyo kumenya kwa miyezi 6 (osachepera).

Pomaliza, ndi Dziwani kuti Zika malungo (matenda, EPIDEMIOLOGY, mankhwala ndi kuteteza matenda a) - nkhani otentha. Matenda omwe sanatengedwe kwambiri kwa nthawi yaitali, zaka zaposachedwapa alanda thanzi ndi moyo wa anthu ambiri pa dziko. Panopa BVVZ komabe bwinobwino: sadziwa mavuto onse amene angakhalepo chifukwa tizilomboto kuti chikule katemera ndi mankhwala ndi HIV. Mwina nkhani zimenezi zithetsedwe posachedwapa, chifukwa mabungwe lonse ndi mabungwe a kafukufuku ankagwira ntchito m'malo amenewa.