Zinyengo ndi overvalued malingaliro: tanthauzo. The matenda a maganizo overvalued

matenda ambiri aubongo ali limodzi ndi zipolowe za ndondomeko maganizo. Chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zazikulu za obsessive-zinazake matenda, misala ndi zina chikhalidwe maganizo ndi maonekedwe a zinyengo ndi malingaliro overvalued. Kodi pali kusiyana pakati pa matenda amenewa ndi amene ali ofanana chiyani? Limeneli muphunzira ndi kuwerenga nkhaniyi.

Mbiri ya kuphunzira ndi tanthauzo mwachidule

Mawu akuti "overvalued lingaliro" anayamba ndi zamaganizo Wernicke mu 1892.

Mtundu uwu wa maganizo ndi kumvetsa zimene zimachitika mu mtima mchikakamizo cha zochitika kunja dziko. Pankhaniyi, chiweruzo ali amphamvu maganizo, izo chimapambana maganizo ndi subjugates khalidwe la munthu.

Wernicke gawo overvalued malingaliro m'magulu awiri:

- yachibadwa, limene anakumana nazo maganizo odwala, mwachinsinsi ndi kukachitika kuti anawachititsa;

- chowawa, chinthu chachikulu chimene ndi kukokomeza kwambiri za zomwe awo.

Nkofunika kuzindikira kuti, mwa kuika maganizo pa mfundo overvalued, wodwalayo kovuta kugwira ntchito zina, ali ndi vuto molongosola.

Mbali yaikulu ya

ndi malingaliro overvalued chiyani? Psychiatry limatchula angapo chikhalidwe chawo chachikulu:

- Mfundo uka pamaziko a zochitika zenizeni.

- zotengera malingaliridwe kufunika kwa mfundo ndi adziphe waukulu kwambiri wodwalayo.

- Nthawi zonse ndi amphamvu maganizo ochekenera.

- Wodwala angafotokoze maganizo ena.

- mfundo ndi umakhudza zikhulupiriro ndi makhalidwe a dongosolo la wodwalayo.

- The mtima pofuna kuonetsa kulondola maganizo ake ena, pamene mwina zinthu azitengapo.

- The lingaliro la zimakhudza mwachindunji pa khalidwe mtima ndi zintchito. Tikhoza kunena kuti chilichonse chimene chimachititsa munthu mwanjira ina chikugwirizana ndi lingaliro lake, limene iye chonyamulira.

- kusonyeza ena kuyesetsa, lam'limbikitsa wodwala mu lingaliro lolondola.

- The wodwala angathe mwachikulu kuunikira umunthu wawo.

Kodi maganizo zimachitika anthu wathanzi?

Overvalued ndi obsessions angayambe anthu athanzi amene alibe amadwala matenda okhudza ubongo. Mwachitsanzo, asayansi amene kutifotokozera anapatsidwa nchito zawo odzipereka ku chiphunzitso sayansi, amene ali wokonzeka kunyalanyaza zofuna zawo zofuna za anzawo ngakhale pafupi.

malingaliro Overvalued yodziwika ndi mosalekeza, si mlendo kwa chikumbumtima ndi sizipanga galimoto yanu disharmonious umunthu. Ena azamisala, mwachitsanzo, DA Amenitsky amatchedwa "lalikulu" la mtundu uwu lingaliro. Ngati munthu ali ndi lingaliro lalikulu, kumakhaladi odzipereka kwambiri ndi ofunitsitsa kuchita chilichonse pofuna kutsimikizira wosalakwa kwa ena.

Tikumbukenso kuti D. O. Gurevich ankakhulupirira kuti maganizo lalikulu sangatengedwe kukhala overvalued m'lingaliro lenileni la mawu: iwo angakhoze kokha amasonyeza chizolowezi maonekedwe awo. Ochita kafukufuku amakhulupirira kuti malingaliro overvalued nthawi zonse khalidwe la kudwala ndi kumupangitsa munthu disharmonious anakhudzidwa ndi mphamvu dziphunzitsiranso ndi kupanga kuganiza kosagwirizana ndi n'kosathandiza. Koma pa nthawi, lingaliro lalikulu lingatithandize khalidwe overvalued, amene amagwirizana ndi chitukuko cha matenda ena aliwonse maganizo. Pa zochitika zina, mwina kukhala mu kuona zilubwelubwe: chiweruzo chimayambira kulamulira maganizo, wolamulira umunthu wa wodwalayo, ndipo chizindikiro cha matenda aakulu maganizo.

Overvalued ndi zinyengo: ngati pali malire bwino?

Ponena za nkhani kugwirizana pakati pa zinyengo ndi malingaliro overvalued, kugwirizana kulibe. awiri udindo zofunika pa nkhani imeneyi ndi:

- zinyengo, malingaliro overvalued ndi malingaliro lalikulu ndi zizindikiro palokha;

- kusiyana kulikonse pakati pa zinyengo ndi malingaliro overvalued kulibeko.

Chifukwa panali njakata amenewa ndi kuganiza kuti pankhani imeneyi ndi maganizo ano? malingaliro Overvalued ndi zinyengo alibe tanthauzo bwino ndi malire bwino ndi zosatheka kugwira pakati pawo. Pachifukwa ichi, mfundo izi nthawi zambiri yosakaniza mabuku sayansi ndi maphunziro ndi kukuyerekezeredwa. Mwachitsanzo, mbali yaikulu ya malingaliro overvalued amaonedwa kukhala malo kawirikawiri psyche, ndi omveka maganizo mitundu, luso kunyengerera wodwala mu malingaliro zolondola, komanso ndi losavuta kumva mozungulira. Komabe, mbali ziwiri woyambirira ndi khalidwe la zachinyengo. Odwala ena komanso mawu onyenga zingaoneke kumvetsa komanso ngakhale zomveka. Choncho, tingakhulupirire kulankhula kumodzi kokha mbali zapadera: kuthekera kutsimikizira wodwala lingaliro lake sizolondola. matendawa amakhala ndi maganizo overvalued onse a pamwamba kupatula kukhulupirira unshakeable wodwalayo mu ufulu wawo. Pankhani ya zinyengo kutsimikizira munthu ndi zosatheka. Ngati wodwalayo ndi otsimikiza zikhulupiriro zopanda nzeru, Ndizachidziwikire kuti iye anali ankhandwe.

zimayambitsa

Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti zikamera wa zizindikiro za zinthu ziwiri zokha:

- The khalidwe la munthu, ndiye, kunena maganizo overvalued. Childs, odwala amene akupezeka overvalued zinyengo ndi accentuation khalidwe ndi mfundo mpweya. Ndiko, kwa munthu moyo amakhala ndi changu ena.

- tanthauzo la zinthu, zomwe amagwira ntchito monga "choyambitsa" chifukwa chiyambi cha mapangidwe malingaliro overvalued. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika zinthu zoopsa: Mwachitsanzo, ngati munthu akudwala wachibale, mwina overvalued lingaliro za umoyo wawo. Mu premorbid ndi (premorbid boma) Munthu ayenera kukhala ndi nkhawa ndi hypochondriacal mbali.

Choncho, overvalued malingaliro syndrome mwakuchita malamulo ofanana ndi matenda aliwonse neurotic. Munthu ndi premorbid yeniyeni kulowa mavuto, chimabala mfundo inayake, omwe si mu kutsutsana ndi mfundo analipo ndi zikhulupiriro.

okhutira

Overvalued malingaliro, ndi gulu ili pansipa, ndi kuchuluka kwambiri. The mitundu zotsatirazi ambiri:

- katswiri maganizo. Wodwala amakhulupirira kuti iye akhoza kuyambitsa ena chipangizo chimene chidzasintha moyo wa anthu. Activities kulenga chidali chifuniro chake munthu ali okonzeka kuthera nthawi yake yonse. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti nthawi zambiri ngati kudzipereka kumabweretsa zotsatira zabwino.

- zisinthe malingaliro. maganizo ofanana yodziwika ndi chakuti wodwalayo otsimikiza kuti akudziwa momwe kusintha dziko lonse bwino.

- The lingaliro la kusakhulupirira. munthu amatsimikiza kuti mnzake ndi wosakhulupirika. Pamene umagwiritsidwa kwambiri khama kutsimikizira mfundo imeneyi. Monga umboni wa kusakhulupirira anganene kuti ndi bwino kwambiri-anakonzekeretsa maonekedwe, mphindi zisanu kuchedwa kuntchito, kapena kuonera kanema imene wosewera wa chimagwira likeable.

- Hypochondriacal overvalued ndi obsessions. Munthu amakhulupirira kuti matenda kudwala pangozi. Ngati madokotala sangakhoze kupeza chitsimikiziro cha ganizo ili, wodwalayo adzagwiritsa ntchito ku zipatala latsopano ndi kubatizidwa mtengo njira yodziwira, pofuna kutsimikizira wosalakwa.

Zinyengo: makhalidwe

Nthawi zina, overvalued lingaliro zitsanzo za zimene tatchulazi, izo zikhoza kukhala khalidwe la kuona zilubwelubwe. Brad ndi ya chiweruzo kuti ndiribe kanthu kochita ndi chowonadi. Zinyengo kwathunthu adziwe kutsitsimuka kwa wodwalayo, mu nkhani iyi n'zosatheka kutsimikizira.

Zamkati za zinyengo nthawi zonse kugwirizana ndi zochitika yozungulira mtima. Pankhaniyi, ndi kudzazidwa ndi malingaliro zimasiyanasiyana zaka ndi zaka. Choncho, m'zaka zapitazi anali zachilendo zikhulupiriro kugwirizana ndi ufiti, maganizo, ziphuphu, diso loyipa kapena chikondi kuziwerenga. malingaliro awa lero amatengedwa kuti mitundu chachikale chinkawavuta ya kuona zilubwelubwe. M'zaka za m'ma XIX, Odwala zinyengo, nkhani yaikulu amene anali kudziona mlandu ndi malingaliro za kuchimwa kwawo. Mu zaka za m'ma makumi awiri anali chogwidwa ndi malingaliro hypochondriacal, komanso impoverishment maganizo. Masiku ano, odwala kawirikawiri amakhala ndi chithunzithunzi cha kuvutitsidwa ndi mabungwe a chitetezo, onyenga kuopa zida psychotropic, ndipo ngakhale maganizo oti dziko lapansi lidzawonongedwa chifukwa cha ntchito Hadron Collider. akamakonda Brad, mmalo kuona zilubwelubwe kukopa kwa alendo kwa maplaneti ena.

Dziwani kuti ngati pakutchulidwa maganizo overvalued imayendera ndi zochitika za moyo wa wodwala, ndiye kudziwa chifukwa lingaliro ali okhutira inayake, Sizotheka pamaso pa kuona zilubwelubwe.

Mitundu waukulu kuona zilubwelubwe

Yachokera pa njira ya chitukuko cha zinyengo ndi atatu mitundu zikuluzikulu za chinyengo:

- onyenga maganizo. Pa nthawi yomweyo, odwala poyamba anazindikira kuwunika. Pamafunika tanthauzo latsopano ndi Mzimu mantha, nkhawa ndi ngakhale mantha.

- zinyengo, m'kukoma maonekedwe mwadzidzidzi maganizo zachilendo kapena malingaliro. Maganizo amenewa angakhale ndi chochita ndi chowonadi: mwachitsanzo, wodwalayo amazindikira kuti ndi Mesiya, ndipo kuti ndipulumutse dziko lapansi kuchokera Kuwonongedwa. Pankhaniyi, mchikakamizo cha mtundu uwu zithunzi nthawi zambiri pali kuunika mofatsa wodwala zapitazi moyo.

- onyenga kuzindikira. Pokhulupirira munthu kuti tanthauzo la mawu a zinthu zonse. Komabe, kufotokoza zenizeni ngati kukhala ndi zachilendo, pretentious osati m'Malemba ndi mfundo iliyonse.

Kuona zilubwelubwe akhozanso kukopeka ndi kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo: mu milandu, umatchedwa "zinyengo hallucinatory." kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo overvalued maganizo si limodzi ndi konse. Childs, chizindikiro izi zimachitika mu odwala matenda oyambitsa misala.

The zili zinyengo

Nthawi zambiri kuchita amisala, pali mitundu zotsatirazi zinyengo:

- Kverulyantsky zamkhutu. Wodwala sachedwa apilo litigious kukhoti kutsimikizira wosalakwa, analemba madandaulo ambiri akuluakulu osiyanasiyana. Mu nkhani iyi, angadandaule Mwachitsanzo, anansi ake, amene irradiated iye ku nyumba kwake, kapena ngakhale mukufuna kundipha.

- Brad reformism. Inachokera pa malingaliro wapadera kwambiri ndi zachilendo, wodwalayo amafuna kusintha dongosolo la ndale mu dziko (kapena dziko) kapena zinthu zokhudza chikhalidwe cha anthu.

- Brad zoyambitsidwa. Odwala amathera nthawi yawo ku chilengedwe cha limagwirira, monga teleport, makina nthawi kapena lopitirira zoyenda makina. Pankhaniyi, ndikosatheka lofunika anatulukira pa, mtundu uwu wa munthu sitingaleke chida cha. Kwa ogulidwa mbali zofunika akhoza kuwononga mbali yaikulu ya bajeti: anthu mosavuta kusiya ana awo popanda zofunika basi "kuzindikira" chilengedwe chake.

- Religious zachinyengo. Odwala anati kumvetsa achirendo kwambiri a chipembedzo. Mwachitsanzo, munthu zinyengo achipembedzo wadzikwaniritsa Mwana wa Mulungu kapena kubadwanso kwatsopano kwa Buddha. Mu akuchita misala anthu ngakhale kumva wotsimikiza kuti Mulungu nthawi zonse amabwera mu naye, malangizo ndi unkamutsogolera.

- megalomania kapena zinyengo ukulu. Man overestimates kufunika kwa khalidwe lake ndipo amakhulupirira kuti kumakhudza mwachindunji pa zochitika za m'dzikoli. odwalawo akhulupirire kuti awo achititsa chivomezi pa dziko lina kapena kukunenerani kugwa kwa ndegeyo.

- kumbali kuona zilubwelubwe. Pa chinyengo chomwecho nsanje ndi chibadidwe amuna ndi chikondi zinyengo kapena erotomania, ndi ambiri mwa akazi. Kuona zilubwelubwe nsanje m'kukoma otsimikiza kotheratu kusakhulupirika okondedwa. Pamaso pa malingaliro overvalued ndi zili zofanana mukhoza munthu akhutire kuti ndi zolakwika, kuti izi sizotheka ndi kuona zilubwelubwe. Odwala ayenera kukhala otsimikiza kuti bwenzi anafunika kusintha n'kusiya mphindi zochepa kwa mkate. Pamene wodwala erotomania wotsimikiza kuti munthu wina akukumana chikondi kwa iye. Childs, Munthu uyu alibe ngakhale bwino ndi wodwalayo: kungakhale nyenyezi zikusonyeza malonda, ndale, wosewera, etc. Mu chikondi kuona zilubwelubwe ali ndi chikhulupiriro chosagwedera chakuti zinyengo chinthu amutumizila zizindikiro chinsinsi pa nkhani zawo kapena malipoti .. mudziwe encrypted m'mabuku awo kapena powafunsa mafunso.

A malo apadera kulamulidwa ndi Aiwo pathological: odwala pamene pali kufuna kuwononga mdani wake kungoganiza.

Choncho, akhoza ananena kuti Sizotheka kusiyanitsa zili, ku kuona zilubwelubwe wodwala, koma pa zimene - overvalued lingaliro. Psychiatry akumufunsira kuganizira za udindo umene ganizo mu malingaliro a mtima ndiponso ngati pali mpata woti iye kukayikira zikhulupiriro zake.

Matenda ndi pachimake kuona zilubwelubwe

Pali njira ziwiri zikuluzikulu za kuona zilubwelubwe - pachimake ndi aakulu. Sizachilendo mu kuona zilubwelubwe aakulu zizindikiro limodzi mtima kwa nthawi yaitali alinkuthedwa atamwa mankhwala. Pa yemweyo zizindikiro pachimake kuona zilubwelubwe kukhala mwadzidzidzi ndi mofulumira.

Matenda zamkhutu ali ndi zotsatira m'malo zosasangalatsa, monga:

- Katangale. Zinyengo zikhoza wodwala kunyenga ena, kutsimikizira mfundo zawo. Nthawi zambiri, odwala amene amakhulupirira messianism awo, bungwe mpatuko lonse, kusonkhanitsa nkhosa m'malo chidwi "zopereka".

- umboni wonama kukhoti: wodwala akukhulupirira kuti akunena zoona, motero mosavuta kutsimikizira kulondola polygraph.

- umbava ukule: mchikakamizo cha zinyengo mtima mukhoza kuyamba kukhala moyo mmphepete.

- Development wa anachititsa (anachititsa) kuona zilubwelubwe mu achibale a munthu wodwalayo. anthu apamtima Ufumuyo zinyengo wodwalayo, makamaka ngati ali n'zaka ndithu, anthu suggestible.

Komanso, mchikakamizo cha zinyengo mtima angachite mlandu waukulu, mwachitsanzo, kupha munthu, ndipo ndinkaganiza kuti kuyesa pa moyo wake kapena miyoyo ya okondedwa ake. Nthawi zambiri kupha odwala matenda zinyengo nsanje, mwamphamvu kukhulupirira bwenzi yolakwika. Mu mokwiya izi zikhoza kupita monga "kusakhulupirika" wa bwenzi, ndipo munthu ndi amene ukathyali ananena zinachitika. Komanso, mchikakamizo cha chinyengo munthu kudzipha: zambiri amapezeka ndi zinyengo zofuna-chirema. Choncho, ngati wodwalayo akufotokozera openga overvalued lingaliro, mankhwala ayenera yomweyo mukatero anthu akhoza kuwononga okha ndi anthu owazungulira. Childs, mankhwala imagwiridwa mu zipatala apadera kumene wodwala amakhala padziko koloko kuyang'aniridwa ndi akatswiri.

Overvalued ndi zinyengo ndi ofanana m'njira zambiri. Iwo amakhala malo kawirikawiri chikumbumtima wodwalayo, kum'kakamiza kuti zinthu mwa njira inayake, bwanji anatengera anthu. Komabe, kuona zilubwelubwe imatengedwa matenda aakulu kwambiri, ngati pamaso pa lingaliro overvalued wa munthu akhoza kukhulupirira kuti ndi kulakwitsa zikhulupiriro onyenga kutha pokhapokha mankhwala kuchipatala. Pa zamkutu yemweyo nthawi zonse zikuchitika monga chizindikiro cha matenda oopsa okhudza ubongo, monga malingaliro overvalued angayambe anthu athanzi. деи, имеющие характер сверхценности, со временем могут развиваться и приобретать черты бреда, поэтому их появление требует немедленного обращения к специалистам в области психиатрии и психотерапии. Ndipo DEI ndi khalidwe overvalued, pa nthawi, akhoza kukhala ndi kupeza mbali ya kuona zilubwelubwe, kotero maonekedwe awo amafuna mankhwala mwamsanga maganizo ndi misala akatswiri.