Russian ndi achilendo ndakatulo za m'ma 18

Mabuku kwambiri Russian imakhala ambiri Mitundu. Mmodzi chidwi kwambiri ndi kwambiri kuvumbulutsidwa ndi ndakatulo. ndakatulo wotchuka kwa zaka za m'ma 18 anali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa chitukuko.

ndakatulo ndi chiyani?

Ichi ndi wapadera luso, zovuta kwambiri ndi m'zigawozigawo. Mu mabuku dziko, ndakatulo n'lofunika waukulu. Kuyambira kalekale mpaka pano lilili muzochitika zosiyana za ntchito anthu. Wokwanira kukumbukira mmene anthu kuimba limodzi pa maholide panyengo songs, ndime zimene analenga alakatuli wa 18 m'ma, 19 ndi 20. Mu nkhondo, mizere ndakatulo ndi nyimbo lolingana anaukitsa mzimu kukonda dziko lako la asirikali amene anamenyera nkhondo Lathu.

Mu Middle Ages zinali makamaka wotchuka nyimbo serenades pansi makonde madona wokongola - njira imeneyi amuna anavomereza chikondi maganizo awo. Russian ndi achilendo ndakatulo za m'ma 18. (kuphatikizapo Friedrich Schiller ndi Robert Burns) analenga katswiri kotero zokoma kuti anatuluka patapita zaka zambiri mafashoni azimuth kwa njonda wolemekezeka amaloweza ndakatulo wokondedwa kwa mitima yawo madona.

Ndiyamika ndakatulo kungaonetse maganizo, malingaliro ndi maganizo, ubwenzi wake ndi zimene zinachitika. Zina mwa ntchito ndakatulo likusonyeza ndakatulo, sewero, buku mu ndakatulo. Onse a iwo, monga kuyenera prose, ndi njira zosiyana kukonza kalankhulidwe luso. Lero, ngakhale kusintha kayendedwe ka moyo, amakonda zinthu zosiyana ndi zokonda, ndakatulo akhala mnzake wokhulupirika wa munthu.

Nthawi yatsoka andakatulo mu Russian

Russian ndakatulo anatuluka mu m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri. Kuyankhula nkhani wotchuka andakatulo Russian, tiyenera kutchula dzina la Simeona Polotskogo - wolemba ndakatulo choyamba, Russian ndakatulo ndi akatswiri. Iye amakhala ndakatulo wapadera umene zapamwamba za zinachitika wa ode lapansi. andakatulo Russian kwa zaka za m'ma 18 anaphunzira kwambiri pa ntchito zake chidwi kwambiri. Simeon wa Polotsk, monga wolemba ndakatulo yaikulu yake, walenga zopereka awiri syllabic ndime. ubwino wina wamkulu wa ndakatulo ndi kuti iye anayambitsa kwa Moscow ndi luso kwambiri, kulemba atatu masewero mu mzimu wa zinsinsi akale. masewero Iwowa ankachitika m'nyumba yachifumu.

Russian ndakatulo XVIII m'ma

andakatulo Russian za m'ma 18 ntchito mu ntchito zake syllabic versification. Choncho iwo anapitiriza ndizosowa ndi miyambo anakhazikitsa Simeon wa Polotsk. Kuyambira m'katikati mwa zaka zino syllabic versification m'malo mwa ndime syllabic-zimandilimbikitsa. NdiAmene wa machitidwe atsopano ndakatulo anali akuyimba odziwika kwa zaka za m'ma 18: MV Lomonosov, Sumarokov AP ndipo Trediakovskii VK Panthaŵi ya Mitundu amakonda ndi ode zotamanda. Great Russian wasayansi Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov kunalibe ndakatulo zochepa chidwi. Nthawi zambiri mu ntchito yake, iye anagwiritsa ntchito pentameter. Mu maganizo ake, ndi pentameter ndakatulo anaonetsa ulemerero wapadera ndi kuwolowa manja. Iye akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse ya nyimbo ndakatulo.

Russian ndakatulo za m'ma 18. mndandanda

1. Dzina lake Aleksandr Nikolaevich Radischev.
2. Aleksey Andreevich Rzhevsky.
3. Dzina lake Aleksandr Petrovich Sumarokov.
4. Anna Petrovna Bunina.
5. Anna Sergeevna Zhukova.
6. Andrey Andreevich Nartov.
7. Antioh Dmitrievich Kantemir.
8. Vasily Petrovich Petrov.
9. Vasily Zinkhwe.
10. Vasiliy Lvovich Pushkin.
11. Vasiliy Kirillovich Trediakovsky.
12. Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin.
13. Gabriel Petrovich Kamenev.
14. Ermil Ivanovich Kostrov.
15. Ivan Semonovich Barkov.
16. Ippolit Fodorovich Bogdanovich.
17. Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev.
18. Ivan Petrovich Pnin.
19. Ivan Ivanovich Chemnitzer.
20. Ivan Mihaylovich Dolgoruky.
21. Ivan Perfilevich Elagin.
22. Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov.
23. Mihail Ivanovich Popov.
24. Mihail Matveevich Heraskov.
25. Nikolay Nikitich Popovsky.
26. Nikolay Aleksandrovich Lvov.
27. Pavel Pavlovich ICOS.
28. Semon Sergeevich Bobrov.
29. Sergei Nikiforovich Marin.
30. Yakov Borisovich Knyazhnin.

Kusiyana chachikulu pakati pa ndakatulo Russian m'zaka za m'ma 18 mabuku Old Russian

Dzina lake Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin umodzi mawu anatsindika khalidwe latsopano mabuku, amene anabweretsa alakatuli kwa zaka za m'ma 18. Kodi kusiyana lofunika zaka zino kuchokera magawo kale mu mbiri ya mabuku? Choyamba, mabuku akale kwina kwathunthu kukopera chiyambi. A nambala yaikulu olemba anali mayina. Ndiye panali mabuku chabe, zomwe zinagwirizana kuti malingaliro ang'onoang'ono ndi chikumbumtima achipembedzo. Pa nkhani imeneyi, Old Russian mabuku akukumbutsa nthano omwe Mlembi anayamba kusowa. Zinali olamulira lalikulu la luso lawo, koma ojambula zithunzi ndi umunthu yowala ndi chosiyana. Pa Kubadwa Kwatsopano mu West, lingaliro la umunthu. Pa nthawi iyi pali mabuku atsopano, pamene wolemba chiyambi chinaonekera. Mu Russia, lingaliro la munthu anabadwa patapita nthawi yaitali, mu lalikulu zaka Peter. Alakatuli kwa zaka za m'ma 18, ndipo ntchito zawo chinali chiyambi cha nyengo yatsopano. mabuku Russian pofuna zazikulu ndiponso mofulumira. Mu zaka 70, pali patsogolo mabuku, amene m'mayiko ena anagonjetsa zaka.

Njira loyamba la mabuku Russian a masiku ano

Kuyala maziko olimba khumi atatu okha a ndakatulo iyi.

Mu 1729, ku cholembera cha AD Cantemir anadza Zotengera woyamba wotsegulira wonse azimuth latsopano. M'chaka cha 1735 VK Trediakovskii amaika cholinga kulenga chosiyana mabuku dziko ndi ndakatulo zimapangitsa kusintha. dongosolo Syllabic-zimandilimbikitsa akufuna ndi ndakatulo iyi, atsegula chiyembekezo cha chitukuko cha ndakatulo Russian. kufunika ndi nzeru, komanso mwayi woti atsimikizire. Mpaka pano, dongosolo ntchito ndi ojambula zithunzi ano.

Mu 1739, MV Lomonosov amalenga ode "Pa kudya Khotin" tizidalira anayamba kusintha Trediakovskij.

The kwambiri Russian ndakatulo Mikhail Lomonosov luso lake udasintha modabwitsa maonekedwe ndi chikhalidwe cha mabuku, udindo wake ndi malo mu chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe moyo wa dziko. Mabuku athu wavomereza ufulu wake kukhalapo mu Mitundu ya ndakatulo ndi "analankhula" owerenga chinenero zatsopano. Zinafika alakatuli kwa zaka za m'ma 18. Russian ndakatulo aluso amenewa kwambiri moti kwa ndakatulo m'ma pamalo lalikulu. Ndi kuyamika bwino pozindikira prose ake kuti anatuluka 1760s ndipo analandira pachimake mu 30s kwa zaka za m'ma 19. Ndiye, pamene iwo anakhala ndi analenga zolengedwa awo wapadera AS Pushkin ndi NV Gogol. Kenako, prose imatenga malo ake oyamba mu mabuku.

Pomaliza

Choncho, alakatuli kwa zaka za m'ma 18 anathandiza kwambiri chitukuko cha ndakatulo Russian. Iwo ntchito mu ntchito zake syllabic versification. Choncho iwo anapitiriza ndizosowa ndi miyambo anakhazikitsa Simeon wa Polotsk. NdiAmene wa m'dongosolo latsopano anali ndakatulo: AD Kantemir, MV Lomonosov, AP Sumarokov ndi VK Trediakovskii. Chifukwa cha iwo, ndakatulo kwa zaka pamalo lalikulu. Ndakatulo ndi olemba ndakatulo Russian wa 18 m'ma kwambiri. Iwo anagonjetsa mitima owerenga ambiri.