Zizindikiro State wa Russia: mbiri ndi tanthauzo la

Mu Russia, monga dziko lina lililonse, pali zizindikiro zitatu boma: mbendera, chizindikiro ndi nyimbo. Onsewo inakhazikitsidwa chifukwa cha somersaults ambiri mbiri. Evolution mwa zizindikiro boma Russian maganizo ndi lapadera. Nthawi zambiri, njira yatsopano ukasintha ankatsutsa chimodzi. Ambiri, chitukuko cha heraldry dziko akhoza kugawidwa mu magawo atatu: kalonga (wachifumu), Soviet ndi zamakono.

flag Russia

Modern Russian zizindikiro boma kuyamba ndi mbendera. Amakona anayi woyera-buluu wofiira mbendera bwino kuti aliyense wokhala pa dziko. Ndipo anavomereza ndi posachedwapa: mu 1993. chochitika chidwi zinachitika madzulo a kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo a boma latsopano. Pa nthawi yomweyo asanabwere wake, Russia demokalase anali mbendera ziwiri. Njira yoyamba inali ntchito 1991-1993. Pali kusiyana zikuluzikulu ziwiri pakati pa awiri Mabaibulo a nyimbo bwino. Flag of 1991-1993. anali ndi chiŵerengero cha 2: 1 (kutalika ndi kunenepa) ndipo yodziwika monga woyera-red-azure, ndipo m'malo ake analandira chiŵerengero cha 2: 3 ndi lamulo mpaka pano loyera, buluu ndi wofiira.

Masiku ano zizindikiro Russian boma sumangoyambika kuchokera zikande. Mwachitsanzo, Tri-mtundu mbendera wene anayamba ntchito pa misonkhano kuti kusesa USSR mu 1980s mochedwa - oyambirira 1990s. Koma ngakhale deti limeneli sitinganene kuti gwero la zikamera chosonyeza zofunika dziko.

nsalu Petulo

Kwa nthawi yoyamba ndi galu anaukitsidwa mu 1693. Nsalu fluttered pa sitima ya Peter I. Kuwonjezera pa magulu atatu panafika mphungu mitu iwiri. Choncho kwa nthawi yoyamba osati woyera, buluu ndi wofiira phale, komanso chizindikiro cha Russian boma anakumana ankagwiritsa ntchito. Flag of Peter ndinapulumuka masiku ano. Tsopano amasungidwa ku Central Naval Museum. Malo awa sanasankhe mwangozi. M'makalata ake, autocrat otchedwa mbendera Ndinawasonyezanso "nyanja." Ndithudi, galu zikuchokera anali mwamphamvu chokhudzana ndi zombo za.

The womwewo Petro A. anakhala mlengi wa mbendera Andrew. Saltire choikidwa ponena za kupachikidwa Andreya Pervozvannogo, ndi chizindikiro cha zombo kale ano. Choncho dziko lathu intricately zapiringizana asilikali ndi boma zizindikiro za Russia. Koma woyera buluu wofiira mbendera, nyengo lachifumu izo amamuonera mpikisano kwambiri.

Black-chikasu zoyera

Mfundo yoyamba za wakuda-chikasu woyera mbendera a chi Anny Ioannovny (1730.). Akukonda chidwi mu mbendera ofanana zinachitika nkhondo yachiwiri World ndi Napoleon pamene iye anayamba poyera kukhoma pa maholide.

Pansi Nicholas Ine, phale umenewu wakhala wotchuka osati asilikali, komanso boma. Pomaliza, udindo boma cha wakuda-chikasu woyera mbendera anali mu 1858. Tsar Alexander Wachiwiri, inalamula malinga ndi zomwe gulu ili yofanana ndi Udindo Imperial sitampu, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo, zinachitika ntchito ngati mbendera. Kotero chizindikiro china wodzilemekeza ndi zizindikiro Russian boma.

Imperial mbendera

Watsimikiza 1858 lachifumu mbendera anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kulikonse mu boma ziwonetsero, zikondwerero zake, parades, nyumba pafupi ndi boma. Black mtundu ndi kutchula sitampu Udindo wakuda awiri mutu mphungu. Yellow anali mizu, chibwenzi kwa heraldry Byzantine. White anali mtundu Georgiya Pobedonostsa, muyaya ndi ungwiro.

Malinga ndi chigamulo cha msonkhano wapadera wa heraldic mu 1896 monga Russian dziko ndipo anazindikira mbendera kale Petro. The coronation a Nicholas II, womwe unachitikira mu miyezi ingapo, malinga ndi woyera, buluu ndi wofiira mitundu. Komabe, chikasu ndi wakuda nsalu anapitiriza kukhala otchuka pakati pa anthu (mwachitsanzo, Black mazana). Lero, mbendera ya m'zaka za m'ma XIX makamaka kugwirizana ndi nationalists Russian ndi Romanov nyengo.

nyengo Soviet

Onse chizindikiro 3 boma la Russia anapulumuka nyengo Soviet, imene maganizo akale kwathunthu chinawononga ndipo aiwala. Pambuyo 1917, onse mbendera Russian anali pansi pa de A facto oletsedwa. Civil nkhondo wawapatsa tanthauzo latsopano: mitundu tsopano akugwirizana ndi kayendedwe woyera ndi losavuta odana Soviet.

Russian boma zizindikiro ntchito ndi adani ambiri a Soviet Union, akufuna kutsindika chizindikiro national ngakhale mfundo kalasi. Pa Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo woyera buluu wofiira mbendera opaleshoni Vlasov (monga mbendera St. Andrew - ena othandiza ena). mwanjira ina, koma ikafika nthawi ya kugwa kwa Soviet Union, ku Russia patsikuli zinandikumbutsa mbendera Petro. Zikuluzikulu lingaliro limeneli kukhala masiku a August kulanda boma. Mu August 1991, adani a zokhumba za massively ntchito woyera buluu wofiira mtundu. Akadzagonjetsedwa kulanda boma kuti kuphatikiza anatengedwa pa mlingo la feduro.

Mu Soviet Union mu zaka 1924-1991. Iwo mwalamulo ankaona mbendera wofiira ndi nyundo ndi chikwakwa. RSFSR kufanana chilemba chake chizindikiritso. Mu 1918-1954 gg. anali mbendera wofiira ndi "RSFSR" lolembedwa. Ndiye kalata mbisoweka. Mu 1954-1991 gg. wofiira gulu ntchito ndi chikwakwa, ndi nyundo, nyenyezi ndi lamizeremizere buluu m'mphepete kumanzere.

awiri achiwombankhanga

Popanda chovala manja ndi mbiri lankhondo la zizindikiro boma la Russia chingakhale chosakwanira. Baibulo yake yamakono ovomerezeka mu 1993. Maziko a zikuchokera - mitu iwiri mphungu. Chishango akuonetsedwa Georgiy Pobedonosets kupha njoka (chinjoka). ena awiri zinafunika makhalidwe - orb ndi ndodo. Choyimira boma la wolemba zamakono - Chithunzi Anthu a Russian Federation Evgeniy Uhnalev. Mu zojambula ake mwachidule mfundo ophatikizidwa mu Nthawi osiyana a mbiri ya dziko.

Zizindikiro za mphamvu za boma ku Russia zambiri akutsutsana. Choncho, 1992-1993. boma chizindikiro chake chinali chifaniziro cha nyundo ndi zenga mu nkhata makutu. Mwachidule nthawi iyi, mu kuchita, dzinali lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito monga chizindikiro cha zimenezi, ndipo amene anali ntchito kumbuyo mu RSFSR lapansi.

Kalonga Sindikizani

Odula manja, komanso boma ena ndi zizindikiro lankhondo la Russia lili kwambiri mizu zakale. Iwo kuchoka mu masiku oyambirira a mphamvu kalonga. Akatswiri amanena kuti chizindikiro choyamba cha zithunzi akale ntchito pa Zisindikizo. Moscow akalonga zitheke anayandikira silhouettes wa ankhoswe awo achikhristu.

Mu 1497 mu heraldry Russian anaonekera walunjika mphungu. Kwake koyamba m'nyuzipepala awo atsatira Grand Prince Ivan III. Iye amadziwa kufunika zizindikiro boma la Russia. mbiri dziko wakhala kumagwirizana ndi Orthodox Ufumu wa Byzantium. Zinali mafumu Greek, Ivan III kukabwereka mbalame lanthano. Ndi kuchita zimenezi, anatsindika kuti Russia - wolowa mmalo mwa posachedwapa kumizidwa mu anaiwalika Byzantium.

Chovala mikono ya Ufumu Russian

Chovala mikono ya Russian Ufumu sanali malo amodzi. Iye wasintha nthawi zambiri ndipo kenako n'kovuta kwambiri. Romanovsky chizindikiro ophatikizapo zinthu zambiri zimene kusiyanitsa wakale zizindikiro Russian boma. Mbiri ya "kusasitsa" chizindikiro cha amagwirizana ndi akupeza m'zigawozo ufumuwo. Ndi kujambula wakuda awiri mutu mphungu ndi nthawi anawonjezera zishango zazing'ono, personifying maufumu Ufumuyo wa Kazan, Astrakhan, Polish, etc ...

Mmene zikuchokera chovala manja zinachititsa kuti kukhazikitsidwa mu 1882 Mabaibulo atatu chizindikiro ichi national: Small, sing'anga ndi lalikulu. Ndiye mphungu, komanso masiku ano, analandira ndodo ndi orb. mbali ina yotchuka ndi: Georgiy Pobedonosets, chisoti cha Alexander Nevsky chithunzi akerubi Gabriel ndi Michael. Chithunzi korona siginecha chofiira "Shii Ife Bog!". Mu 1992, bungwe Constitutional ovomerezeka asilikali a ufumu wakuda mphungu monga Russian odula manja. lingaliro sanali anazindikira chifukwa voti analephera mu Supreme Soviet.

Nyundo, chikwanje ndi nyenyezi

Amene anayamba kulamulira pambuyo zitasintha, Bolsheviks anatenga malaya Soviet mmikono mu 1923. chikuoneka ambiri sanasinthe mpaka kugwa kwa USSR. The luso lokha Kuwonjezera tepi ofiira atsopano, ndipo malinga ndi chiwerengero cha Union mayiko linalembedwa m'zinenero kuitanako, "Antchito a m'mayiko onse kugwirizanitsa!". Mu 1923, panali 6, 1956 - kale 15. Ndisanalembetse Chilituyaniya SSR mu matepi RSFSR ngakhale 16.

Maziko a chovala manja anali chithunzi cha nyundo ndi chikwakwa dzuwa ndi pa maziko a dziko lapansi. Pamodzi m'mbali mwa zikuchokera anali lathuli makutu, kuzungulira amene tepi litapotanitsidwa wokondedwa chiphiphiritso. Chapakati pansi iwo anali lolembedwa mu Russian. Pamwamba pa chovala manja korona nyenyezi zisanu zisonga. chithunzi anali maganizo yake tanthauzo monga ena zizindikiro boma la Russia. Mtengo wa zimakwana ankadziwika kuti nzika zonse za dziko - Soviet Union anali mphamvu ya proletariat ndi osawuka mayanjano lonse galimoto.

Russian National Anthem

zizindikiro Official boma la Russia, tanthauzo, mbiri ndi mbali zina za kafukufuku sayansi awo heraldry. Komabe, kuwonjezera pa mbendera ndi chovala zithunzi mikono, palinso wa fuko. Popanda sikutheka kulingalira boma lililonse. Modern Russian nyimbo - wolowa ku Soviet fuko. Anavomereza mu 2000. Izi ndi "wamng'ono" boma chizindikiro cha Russia.

Wolemba nyimbo nyimbo - wolemba ndi Artist Anthu a USSR Alexander Alexandrov. Nyimbo linalembedwa ndi iye mu 1939. Patapita zaka pafupifupi 60 anakuvoterani izo State Duma, anadutsa ndalama Pulezidenti Russian Vladimir Putin za nyimbo yatsopano ya.

Ena Mangirirani mahatchi kugaleta zinachitika akamaona lembalo. Ndakatulo kwa nyimbo Soviet analemba ndakatulo Sergei Mikhalkov. Pomaliza, ntchito yapadera anatengera Baibulo latsopano Malemba omwewo. Pankhaniyi, kulingalira ntchito nzika zake.

"Mulungu Pulumutsani Tsar!"

Woyamba Russian boma nyimbo m'lingaliro mwachizolowezi mawu chinali nyimbo "Mulungu Pulumutsani Tsar." Icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu 1833-1917 biennium. The Mlengi wa maonekedwe a nyimbo Kaisara kunali Nikolai I. Mu maulendo ake kudzera Europe, nthawi zonse Anapezeka yekha vuto lina womangika: oimba mayiko kuchereza alendo ankaimba kokha nyimbo mwini. Russia zake "maso nyimbo 'sakanatha kudzitama. Mfumu inalamula kuti kukonza zinthu yonyansa.

Music kwa nyimbo Ufumu analemba Wolemba ndi wochititsa Aleksey Lvov. Mlembi lemba la anali wolemba ndakatulo Vasily Zhukovsky. Mkubwela kwa Soviet mphamvu lachifumu nyimbo anakanthidwa kwa nthawi yaitali osati kwa katundu komanso kukumbukira kuti anthu mamiliyoni ambiri. Kwa nthawi yoyamba pambuyo yopuma yaitali, "Mulungu Pulumutsani Tsar" anachita "The Matama Don" filimu mu 1958.

"The Internationale" ndi nyimbo ya USSR

Mpaka 1943, boma la Soviet monga nyimbo zake dziko ndi ntchito padziko lonse proletarian "The Internationale". Mu nyimbo iyi revolutionizing pansi pa Civil nkhondo, Red Army anapita mu kuchitapo. M'mipukutu yoyambirira linalembedwa ndi French anarchist Ezhenom Pote. Ntchito anaonekera mu 1871 mu masiku fateful za kayendedwe zokomera, alephera pamene Paris kulankhula.

Patapita zaka 17, Pierre Degeyter Fleming analemba mawu Pottier nyimbo. Chifukwa ndi tingachipeze powerenga, "The Internationale". Mu Russian nyimbo lemba linamasuliridwa Arkady Kotsem. Chipatso cha ntchito yake inali kulisindikiza mu 1902. "The Internationale" ntchito ngati Soviet fuko pa nthawi imene Bolsheviks adakali kulota kusintha dziko. Izi zinali nthawi ya mayiko Communist ndi chilengedwe cha maselo chikominisi m'mayiko ena.

Ndi isanayambike nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, Stalin adanyerezera kusanduza mfundo maganizo. Iye sanafune ulimi dziko, koma izo kumanga kwambiri centralized ufumu pakati pa nthambi zambiri. zenizeni Kusintha adamfunsa nyimbo ina. Mu 1943, "mayiko" wapereka njira nyimbo zatsopano (Alexandrov) ndi malemba (Mikhalkov).

"Kukonda dziko lako Song"

Mu 1990-2000 gg. mu udindo wa Russian fuko anakhalabe "kukonda dziko lako Song", lolembedwa ndi wolemba Mihailom Glinkoy mwamsanga 1833. Ndipotu Paradoxical kuti pamene anali ku za boma nyimbo wakhala sichipezeka lemba losadziwika. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, fuko chitachitidwa popanda mawu. Popeza lemba la bwino anali mmodzi mwa zifukwa m'malo a nyimbo Glinka ndi Melody Alexandrova.