Zotumphukira khansa ya m'mapapo: siteji, chithandizo, mbiri zachipatala. Zotumphukira m'mapapo khansa gawo

Masiku posachedwapa kukula khansa. Iwo zimakhudza zinthu zambiri. matenda chimodzi ndi zotumphukira khansa ya m'mapapo. zochitika zake m'zaka zingapo zapitazi chawonjezeka kwambiri, ndi m'mayiko onse. Nthawi zambiri akuvutika ake amuna, koma akazi sanachite mantha kuti vutolo.

khansa Kodi phapo?

M'mayiko ambiri, Oncology imatengedwa nambala imodzi chifukwa cha imfa oyambirira. Pakati pa matenda onse a zotupa khansara mu mapapo amapezeka nthawi zambiri. Pamene maselo yachibadwa Kusiya ntchito ngati kale ndi kuyamba mosatonthozeka nawo. Kotero pali kansa yotupa.

Mwina ndi osiyana dongosolo histological, ndi chitukuko cha pa nkhani iliyonse mlingo wosiyana kukula. Ngati pali kusiyanitsidwa squamous carcinoma selo, akufotokozera pang'onopang'ono, undifferentiated M'malo mwake, yodziwika ndi kukula mofulumira ndi luso kupereka metastases kwambiri.

Childs, chotupacho akufotokozera mu imodzi ya mapapo, nthawi zambiri amapezeka zotumphukira khansa Lobe. M'menemo m'pamenenso chotupa cha isanafalikire mu lobes chapamwamba. Pali zambiri breathability ndi dongosolo yabwino ya bronchus lapansi. Ndi pafupifupi mzere wolunjika akupitiriza trachea, kotero zinthu zonse zoipa kudutsa momasuka.

Chimayambitsa khansa ya m'mapapo

Nthawi zambiri, za kukhazikitsidwa kwa ndondomeko za kukula kwa maselo a khansa ndi vuto la munthuyo. Kusalabadira umoyo wawo zikubweretsa mavuto amenewa zoopsa. Nthawi zambiri khansa ya m'mapapo zotumphukira iyamba kukhala pa zifukwa zotsatirazi:

1. Kusuta. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zimayambitsa zofunika kwambiri ndi chachikulu matenda. Fodya lili wambirimbiri zinthu zoipa poizoni, amenenso ali carcinogenic. Pafupifupi 75-90% milandu onse a khansa imakhudzana ndi kusuta. Izi iwonso monga chabe kusuta. Madokotala ena amakhulupirira kuti ndi woopsa kwambiri kuposa fodya wa ndudu.

2. pantchito zinthu, Pakati malo apadera wotanganidwa zotsatirazi zinthu woopsawo :

• Faifi tambala ndi mankhwala ake;
• Arsenic;
• radon komanso zinthu zopangidwa kuwola;
• khala phula.

3. Air kuipitsa. zodabwitsazi zingaoneke osati kuwononga kampaniyo, komanso pamodzi mphambano za njira, ndipo ngakhale akutali m'mizinda. Makamaka bwanji anthu amene zigawo ndi mizinda kumene makampani olemera, mankhwala ndi petrochemical.

4. Akuda mpweya m'dera zogona. Zikuphatikizapo osati nyumba wautsi, koma kuipitsa kugwirizana ndi radon ndi ena ofanana omwe Nthawi zambiri:

• kumanga zipangizo ntchito yomanga ndi yokongola;
• mu madzi akumwa.

5. Ndinakumana ndi ena mavairasi pa DNA ya selo.

6. A kutengera za kumtundu, koma matenda ndi udindo wake mokwanira yaing'ono.

Dziwani kuti zinthu zonsezi synergists ndi ulemu wina ndi mnzake kuti ndi zotumphukira kwambiri zikhoza kuyambitsa khansa ya m'mapapo.

mitundu

Mu mankhwala, pali classifications angapo zotupa m'mapapo. Ngati tikambirana malo mu thupi, amasulidwe:

1. khansa chapakati, akufotokozera yokha mkati machubu bronchial, izo lagawidwa:

• endobronchial;
• peribronchial;
• nthambi.

2. zotumphukira khansa ya m'mapapo amakhala ndi chotupa isanafalikire mu phapo. Amagwiritsidwanso ogaŵikana:

• zozungulira kutupa;
  
• pnevmoniepodobnuyu;
• khansa pamwamba.

khansa chapakati amapezeka kawiri kawiri, ndi pakati pa mitundu zotumphukira mu ambiri a milandu amapezeka khansa ya m'mapapo bwino zotumphukira.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda amasiyana mwa iwo wokha osati mu thunthu komanso otaya, ndi moyenera, pa mankhwala.

Mapangidwe a khansa zotumphukira

Chotupacho, amene akufotokozera mwachindunji mu minofu m'mapapo, ali mbali kanukanu:

1. Round chotupa ndi zambiri mu mawonekedwe a mapangidwe ozungulira, mu nthawi zina, izo akufanana kusindikiza zoumbika mosiyanasiyana. Zotupa zikhoza kugwirizana kapena ayi ndi lumen bronchial.
2. Pnevmoniepodobny khansa afika kwake kufanana ndi chibayo pa X-ray bwino.
3. Cancer pamwamba zambiri akufotokozera mu gawo apical ndi chingathe kukula mu 1 ndi 2 awiri nthiti, komanso njira ya vertebrae khomo lachiberekero. Ngati pali zosiyanasiyana ululu angayambe mu dzanja ndi forearm.

Popeza khansa akhoza kukhala laling'ono-selo foni ndiponso wai- si laling'ono, ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti tipeze mothandizidwa ndi biopsy ndi chifukwa mankhwala milandu ndi yosiyana.

Zizindikiro za khansa zotumphukira

Mtundu uwu wa matenda mu magawo oyambirira a chitukuko alibe kuonekera. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mapapu palibe zolandilira ululu. Monga chotupa chimalimba ndondomeko kale nawo bronchi, pleura ndi ziwalo pafupi.

Pa nthawi amayamba kusonyeza zizindikiro za bwino:

• chifuwa A ndi sputum akhale magazi akagwidwa ndi zikanga.
• mawu amakhala husky.
• Zikuoneka syndrome kufinya aakulu vena cava.
• Monga zotumphukira khansa ya m'mapapo m'kati, pali kupuma movutikira.
• General kufooka.
• Kuledzera.
• kuwonda.
• Angadwale kutentha thupi.
• Ngati matenda khansa ya Lobe kumtunda kwa m'mapapo kumanzere zotumphukira, pangakhale ululu phewa, khosi, mudzikonzere kufooka mu minofu, amaona masomphenya.

Mu masiteji kenako zinayamba kuwonekera mavuto amene amabwera bwanji ziwalo metastases. Imfa zambiri amapezeka ndi metastases yaikulu, khansa ya chibayo ndi aakulu kutopa.

Pamene inu muwona zizindikiro zimenezi ayenera kuonana ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Kumene, iwo si 100% chitsimikizo cha khansa ya m'mapapo, koma ndi bwino kuti akulakwa. Makamaka chifukwa zizindikiro kuoneka ina kuposa mu malo ndi khansara zotumphukira.

matenda matenda

Pa chizindikiro chimodzi chokha n'zosatheka kuti ndi matenda zolondola, makamaka chifukwa ngati akuluakulu popanda mayeso zina. Ngati madandaulo anu dokotala akuyamba kuganiza kukhalapo kwa chotupa, izo nkhani kufufuza zonse, womwenso mitundu monga:

• Radiography.
• Kulongosola bwino matenda - kompyuta tomography.
• Bronchoscopy.
• Biopsy - kulongosola bwino mitundu ya chotupa.

Izi zikungofanana ndi zofunika kafukufuku, popanda zomwe n'zosatheka kupanga matenda zolondola. Osanenapo zimene ndithu kupereka magazi, mkodzo, ECG ndi mayesero ena imachitika.

Atalandira zotsatira za kafukufukuyu kudzayesedwa dokotala nawo ndi njira mankhwala.

Gawo khansa zotumphukira

khansa chilichonse chikuchitika mu magawo angapo a chitukuko. Iwo apangidwa makamaka kuti athe kudziwa ngati chotupa yafalikira thupi, komanso Sankhani njira ya chithandizo.

Ngati inu kukhala zotumphukira khansa ya m'mapapo, magawo izi:

1. Ngati ndi sanali yaing'ono selo khansa kuti kusiyanitsa masiteji 4:

• 1-I amakhala ndi zotupa za kukula laling'ono, limene isanafalikire mu mapapo amodzi.
• Gawo 2 Titha kukula chotupa lymph mfundo limene likuthandiza mapapo wodwalayo.
• Mu ndime yachitatu chotupa waukulu ndipo alinso mu minofu lymph mfundo pakati m'mapapo.
• Siteji 4 wa akuluakulu - khansa kufalikira kwa m'mapapo wathanzi, pali metastases ku ziwalo zina.

2. selo khansa ya m'mapapo ali mbali ziwiri zokha:

• Chotupa isanafalikire mbali imodzi ya pachifuwa.
• A ndondomeko wamba analanda amachepetsa onse a chifuwa, metastases zimapezeka ziwalo zambiri mkati.

m'mapapo zotumphukira mankhwala khansa

Kulekana sitepe kulibe, dokotala anali wokhoza kuti mwachindunji kudziwa mankhwala. Nthaŵi iliyonse siteji ya njira matenda mankhwala osiyanasiyana ndipo ndi makhalidwe awo.

Komanso, kusankha njira mankhwala zidzakhudza zaka wodwalayo, ngati matenda - zotumphukira khansa ya m'mapapo, mbiri kupita kuchipatala komanso n'komwe pamaso kupereka mankhwala. Ena kudziwika khansa yomweyo anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira mankhwala, koma mogwira mtima wawo osati zatsimikizira yekha njira chotsimikiziridwa cha mankhwala ochiritsira akhoza kuthetsa matenda ndi kutalikitsa moyo wa wodwalayo.

Muzichita chithandizo ayenera oncologist. Malinga ndi njira ya chithandizo cha zosiyanasiyana khansa, ambiri olankhula, ntchito:

1. Morning.
2. Mtengo cheza.
3. Opaleshoni.

si yaing'ono mankhwala khansa selo

Ngati matenda si yaing'ono khansa selo m'mapapo ya kumanzere zotumphukira, mwachitsanzo, magawo yoyamba ndi yachiwiri wasonyeza opaleshoni. dokotala amachotsa gawo la m'mapapo anakhudzidwa kapena lonse, ngati chotupa waukulu.

Ngati opaleshoni ikuchitika mu gawo lachiwiri la matenda, la ogwira ntchito mankhwala owonjezera, izo limapangidwa:

• Cheza mankhwala - kuwala kwa mtundu umenewu, umene umapha maselo a khansa.
• Morning ndi mankhwala, zimawononga mphamvu pa chotupa cha.

Ngati matenda ndi kale mu ndime yachitatu, ndi zambiri choyamba kuchotsa opaleshoni akutsatiridwa ndi mankhwala amphamvu ndi walitsa.

Pambuyo mankhwala, muyenera ankakonda kukacheza ndi dokotala-oncologist, mu nthawi kuganiza kusuta ndi kuyamba kulandira chithandizo mwamsanga. Inafotokoza ngati wodwala alibe adagawana ndi zizolowezi zake zowononga utsi, ndi musabise ali kutali zambiri.

Pamene matenda umalandira gawo 4, mankhwala wodwala ndi chodziwikiratu kuti apambane, likhoza kutalikitsa moyo wake pang'ono, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwewo monga woyamba magawo atatu a matenda.

Small khansa selo m'mapapo ndi mankhwala ake

fomu iyi amakhala ndi kukula mofulumira ndi metastasis oyambirira. Choncho, ngakhale pa magawo oyambirira a matenda limasonyeza Morning kuvomerezedwa.

Opaleshoni kuchotsa nthawi zinabala mu chochitika kuti siteji oyambirira ndipo palibe metastases. Koma madokotala anaona kuti ngakhale kuchotsa, kenako kukhudzana si 100% chitsimikizo cha mankhwala wathunthu.

Kuonjezera kutalika kwa moyo wa odwala ndi kusintha khalidwe lawo ndi zotheka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amphamvu pambuyo opaleshoni. Muyenera kukhala osachepera 4 maphunziro.

Anapeza kuti ngati ife kuphatikiza zithandizo zonse, amapereka zotsatira kuposa ntchito padera. Mwachitsanzo, pambuyo mankhwala amphamvu, musabise zimachitika pa 80% milandu, pambuyo walitsa - mu 33%, ndipo ngati inu kuphatikiza iwo,% 28 kokha odwala.

Morning - nthawizonse kulemedwa kwambiri thupi, osati odwala onse kulekerera njirayi yachibadwa, choncho m'pofunika kuti kuligwira n'kupuma. Pa mayesero onsewa, dokotala n'kukulemberani mankhwala ndi ma zake, kutsatira dera ndi nthawi ya mankhwala.

kaonedwe

Ngati anapezeka ndi zotumphukira khansa ya m'mapapo, nthawi zambiri ndi madokotala ananena zawo osauka. Izi zidalira pa nthawi ya kudziwika matenda: koyambirira izo wapezeka, ndi aluso mankhwala.

Popeza khansa zotumphukira wapezeka mu magawo oyambirira m'malo kawirikawiri chifukwa cha kusowa ululu kutengeka, ngakhale ndi osakaniza zosiyanasiyana kupulumuka odwala mkati zaka 5 ndi 40%.

Ngati mankhwala si wonyamulidwa, 90% odwala kufa pasanathe zaka ziwiri pambuyo staging kwa matenda monga khansa ya Lobe kumtunda kwa m'mapapo bwino zotumphukira.

Matenda pa siteji oyambirira, mungagwiritse ntchito X-ray, kotero musanyalanyaze pachaka mayeso prophylactic, makamaka chifukwa cha ichi, moyo wathu umadalira. Cancer - matenda sioneka kwambiri, zomwe ndi mbali oyambirira safuna kuti afotokoze maganizo awo, ndipo kenako ndi mochedwa kwambiri kuti achite chirichonse.

kupewa

zodzitetezera tsopano zogwirizana kwambiri, chifukwa mkulu imfa khansa ya m'mapapo ndi pakutchulidwa kawirikawiri matenda. The yaikulu njira zoyezera monga:

1. Kuchiza ndi kupewa matenda yotupa m'mapapo.
2. Complete kutha kwa fodya.
3. Chithandizo cha chosaopsa m'mapapo.
4. Neutralization zinthu oipa kupanga.
5. Kupewa kuyambitsa zobvuta kukhudzana ndi carcinogenic zinthu pamoyo.
6. Ndime ya x-ray osachepera 1 nthawi pachaka.

Onse zonsezi akhoza sitingakumane 100% kuti matenda si kukupeza koma chiopsyezo chotenga khansara kwambiri yafupika. A mwatcheru okha ndi thanzi lawo adzalola kuti azindikire matenda mu magawo ake oyambirira, pamene mankhwala akhoza kupereka zotsatira zabwino.