A njira ya ng'anjo ya njerwa: zigawo zikuluzikulu, kutalika, kukonzekera

Bwino kukonza njira yothetsera zomangamanga uvuni zopangidwa njerwa - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri yomanga bwino moona dongosolo la. anthu ambiri nthawi zambiri samapereka tcheru mokwanira kuti mfundo imeneyi, chifukwa uvuni awo yaitali chiliri, ndipo nthawizina iwo akhoza silingayende bwino. N'chifukwa chake m'nkhani ino tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane mmene bwino anapanga njira kwa zomangamanga uvuni zopangidwa njerwa, ndi kuti tiyenera kuti mbaula anali kwenikweni odalirika ndi cholimba.

Kodi izo zidzakhala liti?

Pa kuika ng'anjo chofunika zambiri zokhudza atatu ndowa ya yankho pa njerwa zana. Nthawi zambiri, njira zaphindu kwa njerwa zomangamanga wa ng'anjo ali yunifolomu zikuchokera, choncho tiyenera kupirira kutentha kwa 1000 ^{° C} popanda mapindikidwe. Ogwira ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali mu munda, mtundu wa dothi kuti chopangidwa popanda njira movutikira anatsimikiza ndi kukhudza, ndipo zomangamanga mafupa zopangidwa ndi makulidwe a za 4 mm. Ngati kupanga chachikulu cha matabwa, njira yothetsera njerwa zomangamanga wa ng'anjo sadzatha kuzikana kutentha ndi udzatha, chifukwa mu mapangidwe ming'alu amene poipa adaponya ndi kukula mafuta. Mwazina, sitingathe kunena kuti mavuto amenewa adzakhala mapeto kuopsa amasulidwe mpweya monoxide mu chipinda chochezera, chimene chingalowe zoyambitsa ndi zotsatira zoipa kwambiri.

Kodi Ndimaona?

Mmodzi mwa malamulo chofunika kwambiri mbaula osoka ndi zotsatirazi: wam'ng'ono dongo ntchito zomangamanga, ndi apamwamba adzakhala zidazo. Tikumbukenso kuti dongo pawokha ndi mfulu zomangila, chifukwa akhoza opareshoni ngakhale anthu amene sanachite zinthu ngati mwaukadaulo ndi mfundo alibe luso zogwirizana. Zikatero, ngati zomangamanga ndi ikuchitika pa yankho la simenti, zimene zinachitikira zidzakhala zosatheka dismantle popanda zomvetsa kwambiri, nanga kuti matope chifukwa yomanga nyumba unprofessional munthu akadali zovuta, koma ndi ovuta kwambiri bwino kumanga zonse. Clay njira imaperekanso, ngati n'koyenera, mosavuta disassemble ng'anjo popanda zinyalala iliyonse. Mu ndondomeko ya kukonza ngati njerwa ndi zinthu zina kumanga, amene ntchito kuika njira dongo, nthaŵi zonse.

Kodi ndifunika zowonjezera?

Akukhulupirira kuti n'zotheka kuonjezera mphamvu ya njira ntchito, ngati ntchito zowonjezera apadera, koma kwenikweni sitiyenera kuiwala kuti zaka 100 zokha zapitazo, palibe zina si ntchito, koma ng'anjo, zomwe zinali zochokera ndendende pa yankho dongo, anatumikira mokhulupirika anthu kwa zaka zana kapena zambiri, monga kukonza njira yothetsera njerwa ndi dothi - si chotero yovuta ngakhale kuchita zonse zotheka moyenera. Zikatero, ngati inu adakhoza bwino kukonza pokonza kupanga njira dongo simuyenera zina zilizonse, ndi malangizo osiyanasiyana mu nkhani iyi ndi yosavuta yopezera ndalama.

Kodi icho?

Kumanga uvuni moona odalirika zopangidwa njerwa, m'pofunika ntchito pulasitiki kwambiri, koma mwakukhoza kwa "mafuta" njira. Zikatero, ngati kwambiri overdo ndi "mafuta" pa yankho pambuyo kuyanika komaliza mokwanira kwambiri yafupika buku kapena ngakhale akhoza osokoneza. Pa nthawi yomweyo, "Taphunzira" njira sadzakhala kukwaniritsa mphamvu anakhumba, umene ndi mamangidwe wosadalirika kwambiri.

Clay kupanga njira osiyanasiyana plasticity ndi mafuta, ndi Dziwani chakuti pali miyala ya dongo, yankho limene anapanga yachibadwa zili mafuta ngakhale sitili pa mchenga. Ife zambiri kusakaniza nthawi yomweyo mitundu iwiri kapena itatu ya dongo, amene anatengedwa kuchokera ku malo osiyana, koma mu nkhani iyi ndi zokwanira kusunga mlingo kwambiri.

Kodi kuyanjana?

Poyamba, njira aziphatikiza kwa njerwa zomangamanga wa ng'anjo ikuchitika m'chigawo chouma, koma kenako kutseka osakaniza chifukwa ndi madzi. Ngati dongo adzakhala wochuluka kuposa anakonza, mu njira zina anawonjezera kuti mchenga ndalama kuchokera theka m'madera asanu malingana voliyumu. Chiŵerengero ambiri mchenga ndi dongo kale anakonza njira chiŵerengero 1: 1 kapena 2: 1. Madzi anawonjezera kuti kota kuchuluka okwana dongo.

Muyenera kukumbukira kuti zochizira dongo aliwonse ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama yaikulu ya mchenga, ndipo izo ziyenera kukhala zabwino-grained kwambiri, pakalibe zosafunika. Poyamba, mchenga ndi anasefa mosamala kupyolera sieve chabwino, ndi ku dongo kwambiri Taphunzira kuchotsa mchenga onse owonjezera.

Kodi kuonanso ubwino?

Pali ambiri a njira ya momwe aletse khalidwe la dongo. Monga tanena, nthawi zambiri, ndi ŵakwenera akatswiri malonda ndi kudziwa khalidwe chabe wokhudza dothi kwa zomangamanga pambuyo kuphika.

Anthu omwe si amakhazikika mu dera limeneli, chophweka njira akuiumbanso mpira opangidwa kuchokera ku njira ndi mayina ake pansi. Zikatero, ngati mpira kwathunthu anayamba kugwa, izo zikusonyeza kuti njira okonzeka lili mchenga wambiri, komanso mapangidwe anati ambiri ming'alu. Pa yachibadwa mpweya kapena wochuluka njira zopezera mpira ayenera kukhala ming'alu iliyonse.

Komanso, pali njira zina zitatu kudziwa ubwino wa zomangamanga matope.

choyamba

Tengani za 0,5 L dongo, kenako anawonjezera mu pang'ono madzi ndi manja bwinobwino n'kuukanda mpaka nthawi imeneyi mpaka madzi onse si kwathunthu pansi, ndipo iwo wokha iyo idzakhala osati n'kudziphatika kwa manja. Pambuyo kuphika, otentha mtanda mpira wopindidwa, m'mimba mwake wa wochokera 40 50 mm, ndiyeno mpira omwewo ntchito kupangira makeke, amene m'mimba mwake 100 mm. M'mikhalidwe wabwinobwino, mankhwala nafota kwa masiku awiri kapena atatu.

Komanso ngati keke nthawi imeneyi inakhazikitsidwa ming'alu chilichonse, akuti dongo kwambiri aliwonse, ndipo ayenera kuwonjezera kwa iwo mchenga. Kachiwiri, ngati ming'alu kwathunthu kwina, motero ngakhale pambuyo zakugwa kutalika kwa mkanda wina mita sikuti udzangotha, dongo ndi oyenera kupanga kwenikweni apamwamba njira ya dongo ndi mchenga.

Sandy dothi, nawonso, adzakhala si osokoneza, koma muyenera kudziwa kuti ndi osalimba, kotero kuti ayenera kuwonjezera kwa iwo mokwanira wambirimbiri dongo mafuta, ndi chifukwa mukhoza kupeza otaya njira zambiri 1 M3 zomangamanga. Obweretsa dothi kapena mchenga anawonjezera mu mipita angapo, nthawi iliyonse imene retest khalidwe opangidwa njira.

chachiwiri

Clay anaika ena mbale, ndipo podzala ndi madzi, kenako kugwirizana chifukwa ndi n'kuukanda ndi osokonezeka mu apezeka Veselka. Zikatero, ngati dongo mphamvu zokwanira kumamatira Veselka kapena kwathunthu unakhala iye, Izi zikusonyeza kuchuluka mafuta zili yankho chifukwa, limene iwo ayenera kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mchenga. Ngati, pambuyo oyambitsa pa Veselka okha clumps wosakwatiwa, zikutanthauza kuti dongo yachibadwa, ndipo mwina anakonza kuchokera matope ng'anjo zomangamanga ngakhale sitili pa mchenga. Ndi wosanjikiza woonda kwambiri woonda anatsimikiza ndi dongo, ndipo mu nkhani iyi, kuti kupereka yachibadwa otaya ndi njira makhalidwe kwa zowalamulira pa, m'pofunika kuwonjezera kwa iwo wina kuchuluka kwa dongo mafuta.

chachitatu

Njira imeneyi ndi yolondola kwambiri ndipo amalola kudziwa wabwino wa dongo wofunikila njerwa kupanga. Pafupifupi malita 0.5 dongo ndi n'kuukanda kuti kachulukidwe boma mtanda mwamphamvu, ndiye mosamala n'kuukanda manja ake monga momwe mu njira yoyamba. Ndiye pamenepa mpira mtanda wopindidwa, amene anakonza pakati pa matabwa awiri planed, ndi pamwamba mbamuikha pang'onopang'ono, pang'onopang'ono compressing ndi mkanda chifukwa. Psinjika akubwerezedwa bola ngati babu sadzakhala osokoneza. Digiri ya mafuta zili mu nkhani iyi anatsimikiza malingana mmene babu ndi flattened ndi amene khalidwe kupangidwa mng'alu.

Ngati mpira chinali dongo mwachilungamo Taphunzira, ndiye mu njira imeneyo, ngakhale pitani koyamba pa izo, kwathunthu kugwa padera ku zidutswa. The mpira wa mafuta dongo osokoneza pansi psinjika pa kota kapena lachisanu. Ngati mpira ali wothinikizidwa kuti gawo limodzi la m'mimba mwake, ndipo nthawi yopuma, amasonyeza kuti dongo si zachilendo ndipo sikutanthauza zina zilizonse. Wochuluka dongo akhoza kugwa kwa theka la wochindikala pachiyambi.

An njira zina

Ku mayesero mofanana mpira, manja akhoza unroll michirayo imakhala yosiyanasiyana, amene makulidwe ndi 10-15 mm, kutalika - 200 mm. Michirayo imakhala yosiyanasiyana ali mkati mawonekedwe mphete padziko zikhomo anagubuduza kapena anatambasula.

Kukachitika kuti bakiteriya udzakhalire ali anakoka bwino, dongo aliwonse, ndi kuthetsa kwa zomangamanga ayenera kuwonjezera mchenga. Pamene ntchito yachibadwa bakiteriya udzakhalire dongo komanso kukopeka bwino ndipo zimaphulika kokha pamene wochindikala ali pamalo a chotupa ndi zosakwana makulidwe koyamba kwa bakiteriya udzakhalire za 15-20%, kanthawi kupinda ming'alu ing'onoing'ono kuonekera. Kuyambira Taphunzira bakiteriya udzakhalire dongo zayamba osati anatambasula, amapereka zokwanira kusiyana m'goli, ndipo pamene iye akufunitsitsa pali ambiri mipata ndi ming'alu.

Kodi Ndimaona?

njira chiyeso onongani mpira kangapo kudziwa dongo zachilendo, zomwe ndi Choncho yoti ulimi wa njerwa dzuwa zouma, komanso kwa zomangamanga ng'anjo njira.

Nthawi zambiri pa mayeso afunika kusakaniza mitundu angapo za dothi kupanga njira yabwino kwa zomangamanga, amene kufanana udzatithandiza zofunika anapempha. Inunso muyenera kuwonjezera kapena kuchotsa mchenga ngati n'koyenera. Njira yokhayo mudzatha kusankha chiŵerengero kwambiri mulingo woyenera zipangizo ndi kupanga kwenikweni apamwamba njira.

Kaya zolakwika chovomerezeka?

Ngakhale ngati kulakwitsa alipo, ndi bwino mukulimbana kumbali ya okhutira mafuta, monga machitidwe a ng'anjo ndi pafupifupi wosaoneka. Pankhani ya njira adzakhala chiwiya kwambiri mchenga, zikhoza kwambiri bwanji mphamvu wonse wa zomangamanga ndi. Ngati kwambiri mafuta pulasitala njira angapereke ming'alu kwambiri, koma inu mukhoza kuthetsa iwo, ntchito grout ndi zambiri mchenga ndi amabisa mu njira zingapo.

Pambuyo kusankha chomaliza ndicho kukonza njira ankafuna.

Kodi kukonzekera yankho?

Poyamba, dongo ndi ankawaviika bokosi lalikulu kapena ufa, kenako nsapato za jombo kuponderezedwa motalika mpaka iwo onse wosweka apezeka dothi. Tikumbukenso kuti n'zotheka kuswa iwo ntchito tamper wodzipereka. Potsatira ndondomeko izi ayenera bwinobwino ayese njira anaperekedwa kwathunthu udzaphwanya apezeka dothi. Zikatero, ngati njira chinasakanizidwa bwino ndi pa dongo lomwelo ndi mchenga ali kufanana mulingo woyenera, kudzakhala bwino kwa kuzembera ku zitsulo trowel kapena fosholo, kuti si kwa iwo amatsatira mwabata.

Ngati ntchito pa njerwa ngakhale wosanjikiza njira zimenezi, n'kukaziika pa izo ndi kupha yachiwiri, ndiyeno mphindi zisanu kuukitsa chapamwamba, m'munsi akadakwanitsira tiyenera osati kunyenga njira. Komanso pa kutsitsa ndodo mu njira yachibadwa (mwachitsanzo, mwina phesi mafosholo), mphamvu za ikufunika zonyozeka kufufuza.