Alexander Alexandrovich Bogdanov (Malinovsky): mbiri, sayansi

Wotsutsa Bungwe la Bolshevik Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Bogdanov anali katswiri wafilosofi ndi sayansi. Iye adayambitsa ziphunzitso zingapo za sayansi.

Zaka zoyambirira

Adzabadwira Bogotanov, yemwe anali dokotala komanso chilengedwe cha m'tsogolo, anabadwa pa August 22, 1873 m'mudzi wa Sokolka m'chigawo cha Grodno. At birth he had the surname Malinovsky. Bambo ake anali akuchezera Vologda ndi mphunzitsi wophunzira.

Malinovsky anaphunzira m'kalasi la masewera olimbitsa thupi la Tula, limene anamaliza maphunziro ake ndi ndondomeko ya golide mu 1892. Mnyamata wina waluso anasankha njira ya sayansi. Analembetsa ku Dipatimenti ya Physics and Mathematics ya University of Moscow. Maphunziro apamwamba awa, monga maunivesite ena onse a ku Russia, anali chisa chachinyamata wamkulu. Alexander Aleksandrovich Bogdanov adalowa ku Narodnaya Volya kuchokera ku Union of Northern Communities. Nthambiyi inaletsedwa ndi akuluakulu a boma ndipo anali kuyang'aniridwa ndi apolisi achinsinsi.

Mu 1894, odziperekawa a Narodnaya anabalalitsidwa. Alexander Aleksandrovich Bogdanov anathamangitsidwa ku yunivesite yake. Anamangidwa ndi kuweruzidwa ku Tula. Kumeneko Malinovsky anayamba kugwira ntchito. Ngakhale kuti mnyamatayu anachoka ku yunivesite molimbika, adakali ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi sayansi. Mu 1897 iye analemba "Kanthawi kochepa mu Economics Science". Bukuli linali lofunika kwambiri ndi Vladimir Lenin. Mtsogoleri wa dziko lonse lapansi adawerengedwa bwino, ndipo zinali zovuta kumudabwa ndi mtundu wina wa zofalitsa. Motero, n'zosangalatsa kuti Lenin anatcha buku loyamba ndi Malinovsky "chinthu chodabwitsa" m'zinenero za ku Russia.

Kumangidwa kwatsopano ndi kusamukira kwina

Pambuyo pa kutha kwa dziko la Tula ku Bogdanov kuchoka ku Kharkov University, komwe adaphunzira kuchokera mu 1895 mpaka 1899. Nthawiyi iye anasankha katswiri wa zamankhwala. Pa nthawi yomweyi, wofufuzirayo sadakondwerere zachilengedwe, komanso asayansi. Malingaliro ake anali owonetsedwa bwino kwambiri mu ntchito zofalitsidwa panthawiyo.

Mu 1899, Malinovsky atalandira diploma ya dokotala, anamangidwanso chifukwa cha ntchito zake zandale. Bwalo lamilandu linakhazikitsa woweruza kuti athamangitsidwe kuchoka ku Kaluga, kenako kupita ku Vologda. Kunyumba, bambo ake ankagwira ntchito kuchipatala cha maganizo. Mu 1904, mawu a chiyanjano adatha. Kupandukaku kunapita ku Switzerland.

Pamaso

Mu 1913 Bogdanov Alexander Alexandrovich anabwerera ku Russia. Zojambula za munthu uyu ndizoponyedwa nthawi zonse. Chaka chotsatira Malinovsky atabwerera, nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse inayamba. Anatumizidwa monga katswiri wodziwa bwino kwambiri kutsogolo ngati dokotala.

Nkhondo zamagazi ndi anthu a ku Germany sizinali zozizwitsa ku Bogdanov. Dokotala ndi wodalitsika wa zamoyo, iye, mofanana ndi wina aliyense, amatha kuzindikira momwe zida zankhondo zatsopano zakhalira zowopsya komanso zoopsa. Nkhondoyo inachititsa kuti kusinthaku kukwaniritsidwe. Ali kale m'dziko la Soviet, a Bolshevik anayesa kuchita chirichonse pofuna kulimbikitsa chikhalidwe chakukula ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa abwenzi. Bogdanov (Malinovsky) Alexander Aleksandrovich ankakhulupirira kuti kupita patsogolo kokha kudzathandiza anthu kuthetsa nkhondo.

Zochitika Padzikoli

Maganizo a Bogdanov anayamba moyo wake wonse. Ali mnyamata adakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi Marxism ndi positivism. Kuphatikiza kwa masukulu awiriwa kunayambitsa chiphunzitso chatsopano, chomwe chinathandizidwa ndi Bogdanov Alexander. Biography ya sayansi iyi imadziwika chifukwa chakuti iye adayambitsa tectology.

Limakhalanso ndi dzina lina - sayansi yadziko lonse. Chilango ichi chinalongosola mwatsatanetsatane ndi wolemba mu Tectology yake yolemba mabuku atatu. Bogdanov anaphunzira kupambana kwa kugwirizana kwa zinthu ziwiri kapena zingapo mu dongosolo limodzi. Kafukufukuyu wapangidwa ndi wofufuzira ngati kufunafuna yankho la funso la momwe angakulitsire zokolola zachuma.

Mwa a Bolshevik, chiphunzitso cha tectology sichinayambe mizu. Otsatira a Lenin nthawi zambiri ankatsutsa mfundo zimene Aleksandr Bogdanov ananena m'mabuku ake. Chopereka kwa oyang'anira - ndicho chotsatira chachikulu cha ntchito yake ya sayansi mmunda uno kufikira lero. Patangopita nthaŵi yaitali, pambuyo pa imfa ya Malinovsky, zomangamanga zake zinayamba kudziwika pakati pa cybernetics.

Tectology

Tectology ya Bogdanov inachokera osati ku Marxism chabe. Chinthu chinanso chofunikira kwa chiphunzitso ichi chinali monism. Wolemba mu ntchito yake yaikulu adanena za kufunikira kokonza malingaliro kuti ntchito yowonjezera ikuwonjezere.

Komanso, Bogdanov anali kulimbikitsa zolinga mu chuma ngakhale kuti dongosolo lino lisanakhazikitsidwe maziko a Soviet Union. Wasayansi ankayembekeza kuti m'tsogolomu ntchito zonse za anthu zidzafika pamtundu watsopano chifukwa cha kusanganikirana kwa sayansi, kupanga ndi malingaliro.

Proletkult

Wasayansi ndi filosofi Bogdanov Alexander Aleksandrovich anali membala wa RSDLP kuyambira 1905. Iye anali wa Bolshevik woyamba. Pamene phwando la Lenin linayamba kulamulira ku Russia pambuyo pa Revolution ya October, Bogdanov, yemwe potsiriza analeka dzina lake loyambirira, adayamba kutenga malo ofunika kwambiri asayansi.

Mpaka 1921, wasayansi anali pulofesa ku Moscow University (adaphunzitsa chuma chadziko). Ndiye iye anali mu Communist Academy ndipo anali membala wake.

Kumayambiriro kwa dziko la Soviet, Bogdanov anachita zambiri potengera malingaliro ake. Mu 1917, Proletkult inalengedwa. Bungwe ili linali gawo la People's Commissariat of Education. Iye adapanga zochitika za chikhalidwe, maphunziro ndi zabodza kwa antchito. Bogdanov Alexander Aleksandrovich anakhala mmodzi wa anthu ofunika kwambiri mu Dipatimenti Yoyang'anira. Otsogolera, omwe adawaphunzira mu chiphunzitso cha tectology, anali atagwira ntchito kwa iye pomaliza.

Soviet ideologist

Bogdanov adalimbikitsa kusintha kwathunthu pakuwona chikhalidwe. Anakhulupirira kuti zojambula zakale zinkasonyeza zochitika zapadera komanso zofuna za gulu limodzi lokha (mwachitsanzo, eni nyumba, antchito akapolo, bourgeoisie kapena alimi). Koma otsutsa a chikhalidwe chawo chotero sanalipo. Chifukwa chake, kunali kofunikira kulenga kuyambira pachiyambi. Izi ndi zimene Alexander Bogdanov anayamba kuchita. Biography (tsatanetsatane wafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi) ndi chitsanzo cha njira ya chikhalidwe chofunikira cha boma.

Malinga ndi sayansi ndi filosofi, luso lachikulire liyenera kukhala lamphamvu ndikuwatsogolera anthu - kukhala tsogolo losangalatsa, ndiko kuti, ku communism. Zithunzi zamoyo, zolembedwa pamapepala, m'mabuku ndi mafilimu, zinalengedwa kuti zigwirizane ndikuwonetseratu zochitika zambiri za moyo wa ogwira ntchito ku Soviet Union. Monga katswiri wa sayansi, Bogdanov anganene mosakayika kuti luso ndilodemokrasi kuposa chidziwitso chenicheni. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndi chithandizo chake n'zotheka kumanga njira zoyenera ndikuwongolera zofuna za anthu mumsewu wopindulitsa ku boma. Mtsogoleri wa Proletcult adalengeza kuti chikhalidwe chodzilamulira cha ogwira ntchito chinali chofunikira kuti chigonjetso cha dziko lapansi chisinthe.

Bogdanov anatsutsa maganizo a bourgeoisie pazojambula. Kwa Akumadzulo, inali njira yabwino yosangalalira. Kujambula kwa anthu ogwira nawo ntchito kunali kosiyana. Icho chinalimbikitsa kulimbana ndi adani a magulu, kuwathandiza anthu kuzungulira lingaliro. Wasayansi anapitirizabe kuganiza kwake: ndi malingaliro awa pa zojambulajambula, kulimbikitsa kulikonse ndi Soviet Union kunakhala ntchito yofunikira pamagulu. Chikhalidwe cha Bogdanov chinali njira yokonzekera gulu lonse. Mfundo imeneyi ndi mwana weniyeni wa chiphunzitso cha tectology. Mwachitsanzo, nyimbo ya asilikali imathandiza asilikali kumenyana nawo m'njira yogwirizana ndi yogwira mtima. Nyimbo yoimba imayendetsedwa ndi artel ndi brigade.

Kuyesera ndi kuikidwa magazi

Monga katswiri wa sayansi, wasayansi ankakonda malingaliro okhudza kubwezeretsedwa kwa thupi la munthu. Pankhani imeneyi, mu 1926 adakhazikitsa State Scientific Institute of Blood Transfusion. Kafukufuku wambiri pa mutu uwu unachitika ndi Alexander Bogdanov. Kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane ntchito yake pa biology kukuwonetsa kuti iye anakhulupiriradi kuti munthu adzabwezeretsedwa kudzera mwa kuikidwa magazi atsopano ndi aang'ono m'thupi.

Malingaliro olimbikira awa a Bogdanov kwa nthawi yina adathandizidwa mokwanira ndi mauthenga a boma. Stalin, yemwe panthaŵi imeneyo anasamukira mofulumira ku mphamvu yake, anathandiza wasayansi pakuyambitsa Institute of Blood ku Moscow. Bogdanov anakhala mtsogoleri wa bungwe lapaderali la nthawi yake.

Imfa

Poyesera magazi, Alexander Bogdanov (1873-1928) mwiniwakeyo adagwira nawo ntchito. Pa imodzi mwa njirazi, anafa mwachisoni. Magazi amene wasayansi adatsanulira kuchokera mu thupi la wophunzirayo amachititsa kukana kukana ndi imfa. Chigamulochi chikuwonetsa momveka bwino ngozi ya zowonongeka kwakukulu. Mapulogalamu ofanana pang'onopang'ono a Institute of Blood analepheretsedwa.

Bukharin analankhula pamaliro a Bolshevik wotchuka. Anayitana wokondedwayo kuti akhale wotentheka. Izi ndi zoona zoona. Ndi ochepa okha omwe anali ouma khosi ndipo ankagwira ntchito yawo asayansi, monga Alexander Aleksandrovich Bogdanov. Zithunzi kuchokera kumaliro ake zinali mu nyuzipepala zonse za dzikoli.