Alfred Garrievich Shnitke: yonena, zilandiridwenso

Alfred Schnittke, mbiri ndi zinthu zomwe anafotokoza m'nkhani ino unali ndi Wolemba kwambiri, komanso musicologist ndi mphunzitsi. munthu wamkulu uyu wasiya chizindikiro chachikulu pa mbiri, monga analenga akali moyo.

ubwana

Soviet ndi Russian Wolemba ndi Alfred Garrievich Shnitke. mbiri yake anaphunzira ku sukulu zonse nyimbo dziko. Iye anabadwa mu 1934 m'tauni ya Chichewa mu banja la a Volga Germany. Komanso ndinali mizu Ayuda. Bambo wa Wolemba anabadwa mu Frankfurt am Main. Ndili ndi zaka 13, mnyamata anagwidwa makolo ake Moscow. Ndili ndi zaka 16, iye anasintha nyumba yake ndipo anasamukira Pokrovsky, pamene anayamba ntchito monga mtolankhani wina. Makolo ake anakhalabe likulu.

mayi wolemba, Mariya losifovna Vogel, anabadwa mu mudzi wa Kamenka. Makolo ake anali atsamunda, ochokera Germany. Pa nthawi ya nkhondoyo, bambo tsogolo Wolemba anali kutchedwa kuti kutsogolo. Alfred ndi mng'ono wake anatumizidwa ku Moscow kwa agogo ake. Amayi ndi woimba bambo alankhulana mu German. Ana oyamba aphunzira. Koma kenako anayamba kukambirana ndi amayi ake German, koma ndi bambo ake pa Russian. Music a Alfred Schnittke anayamba zaka 11.

Tsoka wotsatira

Nkhondo itatha, wolemba tsogolo ndi banja lake anasamukira ku Vienna. bambo ake anam'tumiza utumiki. Kumeneko mu 1946, Alfred Schnittke anayamba maphunziro ake nyimbo. Patapita zaka ziwiri banja anabwerera ku Russia. Anakakhala ku dela la mzinda. Mu 1958, Schnittke maphunziro Conservatory mu kalasi zikuchokera, ndipo posakhalitsa maphunziro. Mu 1961 anayamba kuphunzitsa. Mu zaka 70 zasungidwa waukulu ndinali kulemba nyimbo mafilimu.

Mu 1990, Alfred Garrievich ndi mkazi wake ndi mwana kupita ku Germany. Mpaka mapeto a moyo wake wolemba alibe ntchito iliyonse kulenga, ngakhale kuti anavutika zikwapu zitatu. Iye adaphuzitsa, analemba nyimbo. Alfred Schnittke anafa Hamburg, August 3, 1998. Iye anaikidwa mu Moscow. Wolemba anali kupereka mphoto ndi udindo wa "Amakwaniritsidwa Mmisiri wa RSFSR". Za iye, mabuku angapo akhala anajambula. Music ndi Alfred Schnittke amakhala ndi limaonetseratu, lonse, kwambiri.

banja

The kwambiri Wolemba Alfred Schnittke yonena kuti kukhala wangwiro Ngati sikudali kwa nkhani ya banja lake. Alfred Garrievich anakwatiwa kawiri. Mkazi wake woyamba anali Galina Koltsov. Atatero, wolemba sanakhale moyo wautali. The mkazi wachiwiri wa Alfred Schnittke anali wa limba Irina Kataeva. Anakwatiwa ndi Wolemba mwana wake Andrew. Chiyambi akazi tsogolo chinachitika pamene ndinali wophunzira Alfred Irene Garrievich. Ukwati wawo unali wosangalala. Ndi Irina K. Schnittke moyo mpaka imfa yake.

Ntchito wotchuka

Wolemba Shnitke A. G. walemba chiwerengero chachikulu cha ntchito, lomwe ndi symphonic, chipinda, siteji, choral, amapilira zoimbidwa.

Mndandanda wa ntchito kwambiri wofuna:

• Opera "Moyo ndi chitsiru".
• Ballet "Zochita Gynt".
• Opera "Gesualdo".
• Gawo zikuchokera "Yellow Sound".
• Choreographic zongopeka "zina zachidule".
• Opera "The Eleventh Lamulo".
• "Labyrinths" kuvina.

katswiri wina

Alfred Schnittke, amene yonena ali m'nkhani ino ndi woyambitsa wa ntchito zotsatirazi:

• Nthetemya.
• Pianissimo.
• Gogol Maapatimenti.
• "Mwambo".
• Sonata kwa zeze ndi chipinda yana.
• Maapatimenti mu Old Kosavuta.
• "Mawu a Nature" (a ntchito mawu mkazi vibraphone).
• Atatu Madrigals.
• Oratorio "Nagasaki".
• "Book of chisoni" (a zoimbaimba kuti kolasi).
• Gala m'mphepete.
• Atatu Kalavani kwa Harpsichord.

Komanso Wolemba analenga konsati kuposa wina. Schnittke nawalemba pa zida osiyana ndi oimba.

Zoimbaimba wa Wolemba kuti:

• Pakuti limba ndi yana.
• Pakuti oboe, zeze ndi zingwe.
• Pakuti zeze ndi yana.
• Concerto Grosso: № 1, № 2, № 3, № 4, № 5, № 6.
• Pakuti Viola ndi Orchestra.

Ndi ntchito zina zambiri.

Music ndi Movies

Music Shnitke A. G. zikumveka mafilimu ambiri Soviet kuwomberedwa mu zaka 60-90 zaka za m'ma 20.

Pakati zithunzi izi:

• "The Chibelarusi Railway Station".
• "Itanani moto wokha."
• "Glass Harmonica".
• "Hot Snow".
• "Wovina chombo."
• "Yophukira".
• "Rikki-Tikki-Tavi".
• "Kodi Mfumu Peter Wamkulu pabanja Off Moor Ake."
• "Adalira".
• "The nthano za Travel".
• "A ankakonda anthu."
• "Ward Number Six".
• "Master ndi Margarita".

Ndi ena ambiri.

Nthano ya nthetemya a

Mu dziko music, pali zikhulupiriro za temberero la nthetemya chinayi. Ilo linayambika kumbuyo ndi L. V. Bethovena. Ndi chizindikiro kuti Oimba onse amwalira atangochoka kulemba nthetemya zipinda zisanu ndi zinayi. kusankhana Izi akutchedwa Mahler. Akukhulupirira kuti Poyamba chizindikiro. Mwachitsanzo, lv Beethoven anamwalira iye ntchito kulemba nthetemya wake chinayi. Oimba ena amene anavutika lumbiro ili: A. Bruckner, Dvorak, Schubert, M. Arnold, A. Glazunov, Kurt Atterberg, Egon Welles, ndi ena.

Inde, iye kwenikweni lv Beethoven anamwalira pamene ntchito pa nthetemya №9. Koma simungathe, malinga ndi ofufuza ambiri amaganiza kuti A. Bruckner zowawa tsoka chomwecho. Chifukwa kuti nthetemya, umene anali yopezeka pa nambala naini, akuchitira chakhumi. Wolemba uyu ali nthetemya kwambiri wotchedwa ziro. Sam A. Bruckner sanawerengedwa izo, chifukwa ine ndimaganiza yekha maphunziro zinachitikira ndi si m'gulu ena, koma linakhalapo sangathe n'komwe.

Gustav Mahler analinso mukutsutsana nazo izi ndi ankaona kuti chinthu china choopsa ndi otherworldly. Pamene ntchito pa nthetemya chinayi, anaganiza circumvent temberero limeneli. Pa nthawi imene iye analemba "Nyimbo ya Dziko Lapansi" Ndiyeno izo nthetemya. Choncho zinachitikadi kuti asanu ndi anayi ntchito izi kale olembedwa, ndipo wakhala akugwira ntchito pa chakhumi. Wolemba anaganiza kuonera tsoka. Iye anatha kumaliza nthetemya wake №9. Koma pamene ntchito pa chakhumi anamwalira.

Franz Schubert kwenikweni analemba nthetemya naini. Koma awiri mwa iwo anali yosatha. Dvorak analembanso nthetemya naini. Koma polemba iye pa moyo wake sanali anachita, monga amaonedwa otaika. Chitsanzo ichi sikuti wapita ndi A. G. Shnitke. Analemba nthetemya naini chimodzimodzi. Ndipo otsiriza Ndalemba atatsala pang'ono kuphedwa. Pa pempho la mkazi wamasiye wa Wolemba a Nikolai Korndorf chinkhoswe mu recreating izo. Pa ntchito imeneyi, iye anamwalira. Alexander anamaliza kale Raskatov.

Koma mpaka pano, osati chasonyeza kuti chodabwitsa ayenera kwenikweni kuchitiridwa ngati temberero, si monga chongochitika. Ambiri analemba amenewa ndi amene analemba zoposa zisanu ndi zinayi nthetemya (10, 12, 17, 27 ngakhale 67). Pakati pawo .. A. Pettersson, Eduard Tubin, N. Myaskovsky, D. Daimondi, G. Cowell, E. Rabbra A. Hovaness, M. Weinberg, etc. Nikita Bogoslovsky analemba 8 nthetemya. Chitatu, iye anapereka dzina la "Last". Ndipo ambiri a ntchito za mtundu uwu anaika ayi. Wolemba The timachita chifukwa chakuti iye anati zonse ndimafuna mu mtundu wanyimbo symphonic. Koma ambiri amanena kuti iye ndi mantha ndi temberero. Ngakhale pambuyo kulemba chitatu nthetemya Wolemba anasiya ankalemba ndi kuimba.