Anaika cheza chitetezo miyezo. Chovomerezeka mlingo cheza

M'nyengo ya zida za nyukiliya ndi mphamvu nyukiliya n'kovuta kukhala kutali ndi zimene zikuchitika, ndi chifukwa cha kutentha mfundo chitetezo kuthi mwachangu wapadera. chidziwitso zingathandize kuwunika zinthu, zomwe zingabuke pa mwambo tsoka nyukiliya. Ngakhale kuti Cold nkhondo ndi nthawi pa, kuopsa kwa zida zoopsa sanaleke svoogo kuli ndi atomu mtendere kaŵirikaŵiri kwachititsa kuti zotsatira zake zoopsa. Chitsanzo kwambiri movutika ndi ngozi Chernobyl, pamene chovomerezeka mfundo cheza ndikungokokomeza ambiri nthawi, ngati si n'komwe. liquidators ambiri ndipo amavutika nako anadziwa chilichonse.

Latsopano la Russia, Ukraine ndi maiko ena ambiri anakhazikitsa mfundo ochiritsira cheza chitetezo. Iwo enshrined mu malamulo bungwe. Choyamba, mfundo cheza chitetezo ikukhudzana ogwira ntchito pa zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya, cheza-osatetezeka asilikali ndi zinthu zina.

Kupita ku chidziwitso zowombetsa mkota wa m'ndondomekozi, muyenera yomweyo zomwe chindunji. akalozera ambiri amachitira mfundo cheza chitetezo ngati malire mlingo wa kukhudzana anthu kuti dzuwa, zomwe amaonedwa kukhala sanali woopsawo thanzi. Mu lingaliro la sayansi, iwo ndi chenjezo m'chilengedwe. Makamaka, malamulo amenewa anakhazikitsa ulemu integrable cheza mlingo ku malo a dzuwa, zomwe zimakhudza munthu mu chaka.

Mlingo cheza ndi amayezedwa grays ndi rads. Izi ndi mayunitsi mwachilungamo zowombetsa mkota, kuona zotsatira za Mlingo womwewo wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana cheza zikutanthauza kuwonongeka zosiyanasiyana kwachilengedwenso. Mwachitsanzo, mlingo wa 1 rad Alpha cheza amachititsa kuposa za nthawi 20 kuwonongeka kwachilengedwenso kuposa 1 rad Popanga madzi a gamma kapena cheza beta. mfundo cheza chitetezo ndi mavuto ofanana zamoyo kusiyana ndi kuchita masamu ntchito khalidwe chinthu cha mtundu cheza (wachibale kwachilengedwenso efficacy) - phindu limene pafupifupi zotsimikizika.

Cholinga kwambiri kufufuza zotsatira cheza kwa zenizeni zamoyo ikuchitika kutenga nkhani otchedwa ofanana (zothandiza) kapena kumwa mankhwala. Amaonekera ndi kuchulukitsa mlingo odzipereka (mu rad) kwa koyefishienti cheza khalidwe (CC), kutali-boma lake wagawo kuiganizila ndi kwachilengedwenso. equiv. wokondwa (October). Pa dongosolo SR chimaoneka ndi lofanana mlingo sievert (sv). 1 sv = 1 J / kg = 1 Gy 1 sv = 100 October. Yovomerezeka mlingo wa poizoni malinga ndi mfundo lokhazikika kwa munthu si oposa 0.1 October (kupatula zachilengedwe cheza). Akatswiri ntchito ndi magwero yokumba cheza (antchito a zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya, mwachitsanzo) sayenera kulandira walitsa m'chaka owonjezera 5 Azur.

Choncho, muyenera kukhala wokhoza kuwerengetsa fanizirani mfundo cheza. Palinso kwambiri njira payekha miyezo poizoni zikupezeka zogulitsa ufulu. Ngati pali chiopsezo cha zochitika mwadzidzidzi yokhudza kuopseza cheza, ndikofunika kukumbukira kufunika zida munthu kumatenda ndi sorbents.