Angagwiritse Intaneti magetsi: specifications luso, unsembe ndi kutumidwa

Pomanga mizere latsopano HIV, thiransifoma substations ndi kukonzanso, thambo kukonzanso latsopano njira luso koyamba kapangidwe Intaneti magetsi. Zojambula, mapulani anapezazo katundu akutsatiridwa kutenga nkhani malamulo alipo. Malamulo kusamalira zofunika kuonetsetsa opareshoni odalirika Intaneti, mayunitsi ancillary ndi nyumba, kupereka ogula ndi otetezedwa, kuwongolera ntchito luso ndi khalidwe la mphamvu zawo magetsi. Kuti Intaneti magetsi monga mizere amene zoyendetsedwa ndi ogula m'matauni ndi ulimi, kuphatikizapo zofunikira anthu, malonda ndi mabungwe a mafakitale, banja dera chikhalidwe.

Amafuna kuti Intaneti magetsi a mowa ulimi

Malangizo a chitukuko cha ogula kumidzi ya magetsi makamaka lili mafunso mizere chipangizo 35-110 kW. Iwo zochokera mizere yachigawo ndi voteji a dera waukulu ndi otetezedwa mothandizana, ntchito pa substations zovuta thiransifoma. Mogwirizana ndi otetezedwa mothandizana kudyetsa ku Muzifunsa substations zosiyanasiyana. Ngati mphamvu opangidwa ndi thiransifoma chomwecho, malamulo a kamangidwe zamakono Intaneti magetsi kulola kugwirizana kwa magulu osiyanasiyana substation wina. kubwerera mphamvu kugwirizana, ngati n'koyenera, basi.

Latsopano substation tikukonza kujowina OSG ukugwira substation crosscuts mizere mphamvu kapena mphanda chiwembu, kutenga nkhani kuthekera kwa maukonde bandiwifi alipo. Ngati akale ndi atsopano mizere kutsatira analemba kuti akulankhula nkhani ya kulanda ndi thiransifoma alipo kwa voteji apamwamba.

Zofunika kwa substations thiransifoma

Substation thiransifoma zida anapereka ntchito zigawo mafakitale opanga kwathunthu wathunthu ndi chatsekedwa mtundu, ndi njerwa, midadada konkire ndi mapanelo.

Asilikali kutchera kapangidwe logwirizana ndi mbali muyezo saloledwa kupanga tizipangizo imvera chitukuko mafakitale ngati yobereka awo limapezeka nthawi imene unsembe akuyamba. Angagwiritse Intaneti magetsi amatanthauza chosonyeza wa zolembedwa yobereka. Sikuloledwa zosiyanasiyana zamitundu ntchito yomanga nyumba, mlingo.

Zochita anapangidwa pamaziko a magawo magetsi machenjerero ndalama kapangidwe pambuyo kuyerekeza embodiments angapo. Zokonda zapatsidwa kwa kapangidwe, amene amatipatsa mtengo wotsikitsitsa. magawo luso Intaneti magetsi osankhidwa malinga ndi otaya mphamvu modes zonse zikugwira ntchito.

zomvetsa Akuti atengedwa potengera mfundo kololeka wa voteji akutsikira pa polowera ndipo elektopriemnika kololeka voteji chizindikiro mu dongosolo chapakati okwanira. Ngati deta luso kwa mawerengedwe zomvetsa chovomerezeka ndi kwina, kwa mawerengedwe Intaneti oyang'anira tauni kutenga ndalama voteji 8%, mizere kupanga - 6.5%, minda ziweto - 4% ya chizindikiro cha dzina lokha.

Katundu anatsimikiza kuganizira zonse ogula magetsi yomwe imayambira ndi thiransifoma cholinga. Akatundu atengedwa ndi chiyembekezo zaka 10, tanthauzo Chigawo cha waya ndi chingwe ndi zaka 5 kuchokera tsiku kutumidwa. Ngati polojekiti aliyense sanagone kwa zaka zitatu ndipo sichinayambe akuyendera, kumanga Intaneti magetsi pa si wonyamulidwa, mbiri deta akufotokozedwa.

Kudalirika kwa Indicators magetsi okwanira

Electroreceivers ogula si ulimi, kudya Intaneti zaulimi ali m'magulu malinga kudalirika kwa amafuna magetsi okwanira. kudalirika mfundo iliyonse gulu zalembedwa mu zolembedwa departmental ndipo anatsimikiza ndi mtundu wa chipangizo wosuta athandizira.

Kulengedwa kwa maukonde kumidzi magetsi zimadalira gulu la ogula mafuta, oyang'anira tauni ndi banja katundu ulimi. Division iwo gulu 1 ndi 2 amaperekedwa mu mawonekedwe a mndandanda mu malangizo methodological kuonetsetsa magetsi munda mphamvu ogula.

Ngati ogula si mu mndandanda, iwo amatchedwa Category 3. Mphamvu kotunga amaperekedwa ndi magulu oyamba awiri tiransifoma awiri mosinthana, palokha Chrixitu. Kuswa kotunga magetsi awo alibe upambana nthawi ya zodziwikiratu mphamvu kubwezeretsedwa. Kuchita izi, inu kulowa ogula zosowa za unsembe wa kubwerera basi.

Centralized mphamvu kotunga imapereka chachiwiri mphamvu zoyendetsera mu mawonekedwe a substation ndi tiransifoma awiri kapena zigawo ziwiri matayala wa substation chomwecho. Ngati ogula ndi kupeza kutali, ndiye anaika thiransifoma standalone kubwerera. Kuchipatala magetsi okwanira kubwerera wolandila siyana woyamba awiri, sindilola zosokoneza maola oposa 0.5, kamangidwe Intaneti magetsi imapereka kubwerera gwero la wothandiza magetsi osayang'ana odzichitira pawokha pa mizere yaikulu.

malamulo General

Kulengedwa ndi gawo zaphindu dongosolo mbuye ikuchitika kutenga nkhani yotsiriza kufika substation ndi anatsimikiza ndi kaonedwe situational pa nthawi ya kulengedwa. Angagwiritse Intaneti magetsi ikuchitika malinga ndi malamulo a Dziko Code. mapepala zikuphatikizapo zochita za makonsolo m'dera mlingo yoyenera achire m'dziko kwa eni yomanga maofesi a mphamvu.

Angagwiritse Intaneti magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo zotsatirazi:

• zofuna za ogula kugwirizana substation kuti gululi ndi;
• amafuna electroreceivers pamene olumikizidwa kwa Zothandiza;
• zofuna za eni dziko mwachibale kwa thiransifoma ndi kulumikiza;
• mfundo za mapulani ndi mapulani njira;
• kutsegula ndi kugawa awo malinga ndi magawo a chitukuko cha substation ndi zochokera voteji ndi magulu a owerenga;
• deta luso za malire katundu thiransifoma ya;
• pafupifupi deta pa tiransifoma okwana mphamvu ndi chiwerengero chawo;
• zofunika pomanga dera lumikiza;
• njira ya kusintha voteji pa mabasi thiransifoma substation.

Magwero a deta pamwamba

Magetsi okwanira zofuna pamwamba amagwiritsa zikalata izi:

• mphamvu dera la mizere mphamvu ndi makhalidwe luso kunja magetsi malo;
• zinthu luso kugwirizanitsa kampani mphamvu;
• Kumasulira kwa kutaya chiwembu yomanga;
• magawo luso ntchito makasitomala.

Ngati palibe kuthekera yodalirika deta ku magwero chachikulu, kapena mfundo chakale, ogwira ntchito zomangamanga kupanga kuwerengetsera zofunika ndi kudziwa zambiri zikusowa pa gawo chisanadze yomanga.

Kulengedwa Intaneti magetsi ndi kachitidwe, zomera matenthedwe mphamvu zikuphatikizapo nyumba izi ndi zofunikira:

• mafakitale malo ndi zokambirana, nyumba zazikulu, nyumba magetsi, zida ndi madzi Kutentha dongosolo, gasi ndi makhazikitsidwe mafuta mafuta;
• yomanga ndi kumanga ndi maofesi wothandiza mafakitale, launchers boilers, yosungirako mpanda, kayendetsedwe ndi zofunikira zipinda, kukambirana ndi mafuta kudzazidwa;
• kuchirikiza maofesi, njanji, maofesi, omwetsera, mosungira;
• chithandizo madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito zomera, mipanda, njira, misewu, malo, nyumba kanthawi m'misasa bomba.

Kulengedwa ntchito akutsatiridwa ndi akatswiri a mkulu mlingo luso, asilikali amapereka zipangizo mkulu-dzuwa ndi zida. njira luso zochokera kupereka odalirika, mtengo ndalama ndi ndalama ntchito anapitiriza.

zipangizo zamakono lili ndi zogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha yokonza yabwino ndi kukonza, kufuna mechanization zonse ndi kuchepetsa gawo la ntchito zamanja. Malangizo kamangidwe Intaneti magetsi amafuna pamalo anyamata chipinda ndi cabins mu kumpanda osiyana mpanda wa zida ntchito. Mkati sadzayigwira ndikuyitulutsa mipope cholinga luso, kupatulapo madzi, zimbudzi, Kutentha ndi mpweya wabwino.

Control and zokha

Mu masiku ano zomera mphamvu Amawapatsa njira ya ulamuliro ndi ntchito dongosolo yodzichitira ulamuliro limakupatsani bungwe ntchito ndi mfundo kutali, kusintha mawerengedwe ntchito, kusonyeza, chitetezo, kulankhulana mwadzidzidzi. Chithunzi cha ulamuliro anatengera mu ntchito mogwirizana ndi malangizo a malangizo departmental.

Ntchito kasamalidwe buku anatsimikiza zochokera malangizo a zochita zokha, ndondomeko ntchito pa oyambitsa kuleka ndi kutsegula kusintha mayunitsi munthu kapena dziko lonse. Chotero kulamulira m'malo kupereka osiyanasiyana: mphamvu chipika kulamulira, mizere mphamvu ndi tiransifoma crosslinked.

mphamvu yodziyimira payokha ankalamulira kuchokera chapakati yogawa gulu yaying'ono waima wothandiza mapanelo ulamuliro malo wamba n'kupuma makhazikitsidwe kompresa substation.

Activities chitetezo dziko

substations magetsi ili mayiko a m'madera payekha ndi oyang'anira tauni malinga ndi lamulo la malamulo dziko, magulu zochita pa kuteteza zachilengedwe, zizindikiro nyumba ndi malangizo. Ikani malo m'tsogolo anasankha zochokera kumanga ku chiwembu cha dongosolo alipo ndi dongosolo mbuye wa ogwira ntchito za mafakitale.

Angagwiritse dera gululi magetsi zikuchitikira anapatsidwa chakuti makonzedwe Intaneti magetsi ndi substations ntchito ya ntchito m'dziko sanali ulimi, ndi zokolola otsika. Tikukonza Kadulidwa ndi kusungidwa topsoil, amene kenako kuchepetsedwa dziko wosabereka.

Eni nawo zokhudza maphunziro malipilo ntchito zaulimi. Ngati zosangalatsa za m'dziko ntchito osakhalitsa zikachitika, mu m'tsogolo muno umamumvera kulima sekondale nthaka. Nyumba pa anakonzedwera yomanga okwerera mphamvu zili mouma chimapambana chipangizo ntchito ancillary mu nyumba Mipikisano storey. nyumba watsopano siikutchinga alipo zinthu mafakitale ndi banja.

Kulengedwa Intaneti mphamvu yogawa mogwirizana ndi malamulo a nyumba osalimba, kuperekedwa mu SNIP. Mwayi mu mderalo chifukwa Kukula kwa Intaneti tsogolo magetsi anafotokozedwa malinga ndi ntchito mfundo ndi maphunziro kuthekera. Mabwalo phulusa ndi slag lotayako mopitirira kutenga nkhani ntchito zina zipangizo kwa fetereza mu chuma cha dziko.

Ndipo msewu makomo kwa eni nyumba substation ntchito kuyenda mtunda womwewo wa dziko ngalande, zofunikira, mains Kutentha mizere, madzi ndi kuchimbudzi njira anakonza chogwiritsira anakafika mipope sakutsutsana ndi malire a m'mayiko ulimi.

Security airspace

Chifukwa chaichi, pokonza ntchito amapereka ntchito ndi zipangizo zapadera kuti atsitse fumbi ndi zinthu zoipa pamwambapa nthaka wosanjikiza mpweya wa kuchepetsa a malamulo a ukhondo. chikhalidwe ichi amaperekedwa mu zizindikiro zosiyana za thiransifoma substation, kuphatikizapo mphamvu kolowera apamwamba.

Njira pofuna kuteteza matupi a madzi

Anamanga madzi mankhwala zipangizo kuteteza matupi madzi kuipitsidwa ingress wa zimbudzi. zinthu izi zimamangidwa pogwiritsa pa malamulo a ukhondo. ndondomeko zochepetsera madzi zinyalala mafakitale amusankha malingana ndi zinthu zenizeni opaleshoni ya mbewu cholinga. mizere High-voteji kumanga pa malamulo chinanena mu mtunda kuchokera malo a.

Pa njira kuyeretsa anakhudzidwa ndi mtundu zida ntchito ndi mphamvu yake. Guide akafuna ntchito, mtundu wa mafuta, njira ya kuchotsa mankhwala a kuyaka, dongosolo yozizira, ndi nyengo, ndi ntchito zina. Ntchito kumaliseche a effluent ndi mgwirizano ndi misonkhano ya anaziika zaumoyo, chitetezo mayiwe nsomba ndi matupi ena.

kayendedwe Transport

Transport kuyenda mkati ndi kunja kwa katundu ntchito za substation lakonzedwa pamaziko a kufanana kwa zizindikiro luso ndi chuma options. Ntchito conveyor, njanji, madzi, msewu kapena zoyendera mphepo. antchito Kutumiza ku okhala m'dera ntchito mwa njira zotsogola kwambiri zoyendera kulola nthawi zochepa za nthawi.

Mayendedwe a katundu ndi anthu pa substations thiransifoma zili m'madera mafakitale, umanena kuti chiwembu wamkulu wa modes alipo zoyendera ndi njira chitukuko ntchito kwa nthawi m'tsogolo. Zimachitika matanthauzo mukupanga mayendedwe ndi loyandikana mabizinezi alipo ndipo ntchito.

Phwando, yobereka ndi kusunga mafuta mafuta, mafuta mafuta

The tsiku lamulo Kutentha ndi masamu ndi ntchito kukatentha pa mphamvu yachibadwa maola 20 opaleshoni. Ngati n'komwe avareji kutentha kwa mwezi kunkafika pachimake chaka, ndiye mawerengedwe a ikuchitika kwa maola 24. Mphamvu zomera opaleshoni mafuta olimba, cholinga kukakomana ndi malo kuyatsa ntchitoyo. Ngati ntchito otentha madzi pachimake boilers, chuma chawo pamodzi mpaka chipangizo.

Angagwiritse Intaneti magetsi ogwira ntchito zachokera kotunga kukatentha mafuta mafuta kuyambira yaikulu kapena sekondale wagawo mafuta mafuta. Ngati mafuta yaikulu anapatsa ntchito mpweya, monga mbali ya kukatentha lakonzedwa mpweya kulamulira mfundo. Unit yogawa lili m'dera la substation mu nyumba osiyana kapena pansi padenga.

mafuta mowa mpweya anatsimikiza ndi kuwerengetsa otaya pazipita kuti boilers onse. Eyeliner mpweya ikuchitika padera kwa mfundo iliyonse kugawa standby zapamadzi ali anakonza. chiwerengero cha mayunitsi kulamulira mu mfundo iliyonse yogawa amapereka zambiri munthu amene ali ndi kubwerera.

Mphamvu zomera zokuzira ndi mzera chuma thiransifoma ndi chopangira mphamvu mafuta. Farm zikuphatikizapo kasungidwe akasinja atsopano ndipo anakhala mankhwala, ikukoka chipangizo, atayanika chipangizo, kuchepetsa zida. Pa potting tiransifoma ntchito mafoni decontamination zomera, asafe kapena zinthu otetezedwa filimu. Zovuta substation anaika mphamvu chopangira mphamvu zinayi mafuta ndi thiransifoma, akasinja awiri payokha kupereka kwa kusungiramo makina mafuta kondomu.

ntchito kunyumba magetsi

ntchito anayamba ndi kotunga kunja magetsi a nyumba zogona ndi anthu, mkati Kulumikizana oyang'anira sikuphatikizidwa mu kapangidwe kake. ntchito Chitsanzo tinapangidwa kulumikiza mphamvu ngati zamagetsi ku ogula ndi kamangidwe muyezo. Ngati malo a nyumba bwalo kutali ndi njira muyezo, ndiye polojekiti ndi ndikusinthidwa kusonyeza kusintha.

nyumba mphamvu ntchito zimagwiritsa ntchito mu nyumba yatsopano, imene kampani inayake ya zomangamanga ayenera kupanga mlingo wa mfundo mogwirizana. Pali mtundu wa ntchito, limene lili ndi dzina la munthu, amalola kuti athe chitukuko cha kotunga kunja, mkati ndi chuma magetsi. kotunga malonda magetsi limachititsa ntchito machitidwe kulankhulana ndi mpweya.

Ndondomeko kulembetsa ntchito

mphamvu ntchito ya nyumba pa mtima uli specifications. ziwembu zawo woimira katundu magetsi gulu ili mu ntchito kuuzenga. The limati chikalata:

• dzina ndi adiresi ya nyumbayo;
• chithunzi mamangidwe mtengo voteji;
• masamu zizindikiro katundu;
• Pulagi mtundu voteji;
• Izi zikusonyeza malangizo a ntchito mphamvu, monga Kutentha ndi otentha kupanga madzi.

Kuwonjezera kupanga mawu a dongosolo ambiri a malo, ndi zikalata za umwini, pulogalamuyo amachita ntchito.

Pomaliza, tisaiwale kuti kukhazikitsa ntchito amafuna kudziwa akatswiri ndi ziphatso, kotero buku la zolemba agwira ndi akatswiri Energy Company, ndi polojekiti palokha sakuchitidwira.