Anthu Magulu Magazi

Magazi Gulu munthu anayamba kuphunzira m'zaka 19 mochedwa mu gawo immunology. Popanda chidziwitso cha izi, izo zikanakhala zosatheka kuti magazi anapulumutsa miyoyo ya anthu ambiri. Komanso chiphunzitso cha magulu magazi ankagwiritsa ntchito opaleshoni, obstetrics ndi matenda achikazi, mankhwala azamalamulo ndi chibadwa. Chidziwitso cha kusiyana izoantigenov kuganizira Thirani zimakhala ndi ziwalo.

Anthu Magulu Magazi - izi ndi zizindikiro za magazi, amene wadutsa kuchokera ku makolo ndi ana. Aliyense ali ndi wapadera antigens gulu kuti amaonetsera makhalidwe deta. akonzedwa Izi zinthu zenizeni amatchedwa izoantigenami.

Pamaziko a magazi awo anthu m'magulu, ndipo sikudalira mtundu, umene adzaupereka kapena wa zaka, kapena kuchokera pansi. Iye ayamba kutenga mawonekedwe pa chiyambi cha nthawi embryonic ndi moyo amakhalabe sichinasinthe. magazi a anthu gulu - ndi kwachilengedwenso wake payekha mbali.

Zochita madokotala zofunika kwambiri izoantigeny maselo ofiira A ndi B. Amagwiritsidwanso n'komwe izoantitela ndi SS, nthawi zina zopezeka magazi a anthu seramu. Munthawi yomweyo mtima wa magazi izoantigenov izoantitel ndi a mtundu umodzi (mwachitsanzo, SS ndi B) kumabweretsa agglutination maselo a magazi ndi yosemphana ndi moyo. Choncho pamodzi ayenera kukhala zinthu yosiyana (mwachitsanzo, A + SS).

magulu magazi a anthu anawagawa anayi, malingana izoantigeny zomwe ndi izoantitela muli. Iwo amaimira zilembo ndi manambala: - mu gulu loyamba kokha izoantitela ndi SS - 0aß; - gulu lachiwiri zikuphatikizapo izoantigen A ndi SS izoantitelo - bulu; - gulu lachitatu limapangidwa izoantigen B ndipo izoantitelo ndi - Ba; - gulu chachinayi lili yekha izoantigeny A ndi B - AB0.

Pa ngakhale a magulu magazi munthu anakhudzidwa ndi kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka mwa mwazi wa izoantitel wina anatsutsa izoantigenov mu mwazi wa wina. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti magazi. ganizoli kugwiritsa ntchito magazi zokhudzana ndi gulu lomweli.

Zimachitika kuti kuwonjezera izoantitel pano mu magazi adalinso, izo izoantitela kugwa kunja, umene gulu magazi zosagwirizana kutero. Izi angayambe pamene zosakaniza kuikidwa magazi (plasma, leukocytes, maselo ofiira) magazi athunthu; woyembekezera, pamene yoopsa magazi gulu atakwatirana ndi gulu magazi a mayi; pambuyo ntchito katemera ena ndi Sera mankhwala.

Pambuyo mwezi woyamba wa moyo m'mimba, Ndisanaumbidwe inkapezeka mu maselo ofiira magazi izoantigeny. chiwerengero chawo zikuchulukirachulukira ndi kufika pazipita zaka zitatu. Ndiye, mlingo sasintha okhaokha ukalamba umayamba kuchepa. Sizisintha pa moyo wa munthu ndi lonse akonzedwa izoantigenov magazi. kapangidwe kake sikumangotikhudza matenda aliwonse zapitazi, zimakhudza aliyense wa mankhwala, zifukwa za chilengedwe.

Osati zosafuni- kuchita mankhwala adziwe kupezeka kapena kusapezeka kwa erythrocyte RH dongosolo Antigen - RH-chinthu. Pa mfundo imeneyi, anthu agawanika amangosankha mu RH alibe ndi RH HIV. Amadziwika kuti 15% ya anthu lilibe ndi RH-chinthu, ndi 85% ya iwo palibe. Ngati mayi woyembekezera lilibe ndi RH-chinthu, ndi mwana wosabadwayo analandira kwa bambo Antigen lake RH HIV, chitetezo cha amapangidwa kwa izo. Iwo bwanji maselo ofiira a mwanayo, unkawononga awo (hemolysis).

Kudziwa magazi a anthu, pogwiritsa ntchito muyezo seramu. The erythrocytes Motero izoantigeny. Mwachitsanzo, kudziwa magazi gulu 4, mbale woyera aikidwa erythrocytes wothira ndi muyezo seramu yatsala firiji kenako anati kwa agglutination anachita. Pamene zabwino poyankha izoantitela seramu ayenera kumata maselo ofiira ndi kuwasandutsa mbewu ting'onoting'ono wofiira. Pamene anthuwo kuvutika kusintha ali kwina kwathunthu. Pokha zolakwa kwa gulu lirilonse kuika anachita ndi zitsanzo ziwiri.