"Anti-kuberana kwazaluso" lamulo Russia

Zofunikira pa Internet "odana ndi kuberana kwazaluso" chilamulo chonse mu Russia anaonekera mu 2013. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, wopyoza revisions angapo. kukhazikitsidwa kwake kwachititsa mtsutso lakuthwa anthu za tsogolo la World Lonse Web ndi mwayi ufulu zambiri.

ANAKULIRA maonekedwe

Kodi "odana ndi kuberana kwazaluso" chilamulo? N'chifukwa chiyani boma kuzivomereza izo? Kufala kwa Internet chasanduka maganizo lonse la kupezeka kwa nkhani. Pamene maukonde wachita anaonekera mu Russia, zilibe malamulo ndipo unali kupezeka kwa stratum ka owerenga. Angapatse poyamba anaonekera mu Moscow mu 90s lapansi. Ulalo liwiro awo anali otsika kwambiri.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, makampani zachitika kwambiri. Major ntchito mafoni anayamba kupereka ntchito intaneti wosamalira. Mu zaka ziro Network anapezeka. Izi anali ntchito ndi zinthu ziwiri. Choyamba, nyumba iliyonse inali mwini kompyuta yake. Chachiwiri, kuchepa mitengo ntchito Internet.

Pamodzi ndi kuwonjezeka omvera lavinopodobnym pa intaneti anayamba kuoneka okhutira ndi zina zosiyana: music, mabuku, mafilimu ... Ndipotu, anthu ali ndi ufulu kupeza nzeru katundu. Kusintha msika azivutika makampani kujambula, ndi zina zotero. Zopalira D. Rights, situdiyo ndi olemba onse kwambiri kutembenukira kwa boma taganizirani za "kuberana kwazaluso." Choyamba, chifukwa slang mwamwayi otchedwa otsitsira oletsedwa owona. Kenako akuti anagwidwa boma parlance wamba. Choncho dzina lake "odana ndi kuberana kwazaluso" lamulo.

zungulira limagwirira

Mu 2013, boma Duma akuluakulu anayamba ntchito gulu la Komiti ya Olankhulana ndi Kulumikizana. chifukwa chake chinali "odana ndi kuberana kwazaluso" lamulo. Iye analola kutsekereza malo, ngati zili unlicensed ali m'bukuli. Pankhaniyi kanthu wa chofukizira bwino. Ngati mwini filimu likukhalira kuti malo makamaka ndi malo ake, anapita kumeneko mozemba, iye angagwire ntchito matupi yoyenera boma.

Poyamba izo zinakonzedwa kuti lamulo idzagwira ntchito mu mitundu yonse ya mauthenga pa Intaneti. Pambuyo kusinthidwa ena, anaganiza kuchepetsa ntchito ya lamulo limeneli kokha kanema okhutira. Patapita chaka chimodzi, mndandanda kumene kukodzedwa. Pankhaniyi, chofukizira bwino uyenera kutsimikizira kuti - mwini wake wa mankhwala. Kusamvana ndi eni malo inathetsedwa ndi bwalo. Kuti tichite zimenezi, mwini ayenera kugonjera kunena. Ngati mwini wotaya choncho, iye afunika kulipidwa kuti mwini wa malowo ndi anthu onse amene akuvutika zomvetsa chifukwa cha mlandu ndi blockage msanga.

Roskomnadzor

Kuti "odana ndi kuberana kwazaluso" chilamulo kwenikweni udachita, bungwe boma panafunika omwe akanati chinkhoswe mu kutsekereza malo. Chifukwa chaichi, wakhala anasankha Roskomnadzor, omwe ali mbali ya Utumiki wa Kulumikizana ndi Misa Kulumikizana la Russia.

Pamene anali ndi "odana ndi kuberana kwazaluso" lamulo, Service Federal walandira zipangizo zonse zofunikira kuchita kutsekereza malo kwa masiku asanu. Kuyambira pachiyambi sikudakhala bwino ndalama zingati zidzafunika kuonetsetsa kuti dipatimenti zonse zofunikira chuma. Pa tsiku lachiwiri la chilamulo Roskomnadzor anapempha rubles 100 miliyoni chaka polimbana kuberana kwazaluso. Ntchito ndi malo oletsedwa kulenga gulu lapadera, limene antchito 25 ntchito.

enactment malamulo

Russian "odana ndi kuberana kwazaluso" chilamulo wa dziko ndi kutengedwa mu nthawi yochepa. June 6, 2013 angapo akuluakulu a boma Duma atatu maphwando aphungu apanga ntchito zawo kuti amuone. Kukambirana sunakhalitse. June 21 "odana ndi kuberana kwazaluso" chilamulo chinaperekedwa mu kuwerenga lachitatu. Munthu yekhayo amene anavota mokutsutsani Iye adali kazembe "Fair Russia" wotchedwa Dmitry Gudkov.

Pa June 26, bilu ovomerezedwa ndi Bungwe la Federation, ndi kale pa July 2, yolembedwa ndi mutsogoleli wa Russia Vladimir Putin. madalitso ake adalowa mphamvu pa 1 August 2013.

Mtsutso makampani Internet

Ngakhale pamaso pa "odana ndi kuberana kwazaluso" lamulo la Russia adalowa mphamvu, izo anadzudzula lalikulu zoweta ndi achilendo Internet makampani ( "Yandex", Mail.ru, Google). Adani a polojekiti anati ulamuliro watsopano Roskomnadzor osati kuvulaza zopalira ufulu okha, komanso kuyambitsa maonekedwe a kufufuza pa intaneti.

Komanso mu "Yandex" tinaona kuti maguluwo anaganiza amatsatira mfundo yatsopano kwa mafakitale lonse popanda kufunsa akatswiri. The State Duma sanali anatani Mkuluyo ndi maganizo a anthu. makampani Internet apempha kuletsa ngati inu simutero, ndiye osachepera kukweza "odana ndi kuberana kwazaluso" lamulo Russia.

Mu Google ankaikira zidziwitso chisanadze mayesero ndi kuchotsa okhutira. Vuto linali lakuti Roskomnadzor akhoza kuletsa malo, ngakhale popanda kudziwitsa eni ndipo alibe nthawi kuti tikonzedwe zolakwa (kuchotsa mankhwala unlicensed). Akatswiri a "Yandex" Mwa zina, ananenanso kuti kuphimba dera lonse sizimatanthauza. Pamalowa amakhala Letsani kufikako ndi zinthu zimene kwathunthu complies ndi malamulo. Choncho, akatswiri ananena kuti njira yabwino ndigwire mankhwala yoletsedwa kwa ulalo mwachindunji kwa izo. Pankhaniyi, ena zili sati anakhudzidwa.

Pomenyana maloko

Pamene "odana ndi kuberana kwazaluso" lamulo Russia kokha analandira mu Duma, ambiri akatswiri makampani Internet ananena kuti loko pa IP-adiresi ndi tanthauzo. Limagwirira la njirayi ndi Roskomnadzor sangathe kuchotsa malo ndi kuwononga zili choletsedwacho, kotero bungwe yatsekedwa ogwiritsa "zitseko" zikubweretsa malo. Izi zachitika mothandizidwa ndi utumiki wosamalira Internet. Ntchito ntchito mu Russia, kulandira zindikirani ku chikhalidwe chomwe malo makamaka tsopano blacklisted. ISP ndi kutsekereza ogwiritsa magalimoto amene mukufuna kukaona izo.

Koma malo palokha, zonsezi sanamve kuwawa. Iye akupitiriza ntchito makina yake. Iwo mu mode chimodzimodzi anatsegula kunja komwe palibe ulamuliro Roskomnadzor. Choncho, nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamulo Russian gawo la Internet akhala kwambiri wotchuka zosiyanasiyana njira luso anyalanyaza interlocks. Mwachitsanzo, anonymizer mwachindunji wosuta magalimoto ku IP-adiresi mu dziko lina. Choncho, munthu amene akufuna download zinthu pa Intaneti, kodi kuzilambalala loko mosavuta.

Zotsatira zoipa za chilamulo

Mu "Yandex" ndi Mail.ru anafunsa akuluakulu kuganizira zimene zinachitikira m'mayiko polimbana kuberana kwazaluso. makampani anaganiza kuti Roskomnadzor njira kulenga pansi nkhanza ndi opulukira. Mwachitsanzo, bungwe la akhoza kuletsa gwero wakhama. Ngakhale izo zimachitika mwangozi, osati zoipa, kutaya malo mwini adzakhala yemweyo.

Russian Association of Intaneti Kulumikizana anayambitsa anthu lipoti ake pa zimene likuoneka kuti "odana ndi kuberana kwazaluso" lamulo Russia. Akamanena za zovuta zake ndi eni malo Russian adzayamba "kusuntha" ku mayiko ena. Izi zachitika zapamwamba. The Internet lonse lagawidwa madambwe za thupi m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Mu Russia ndi «.ru». Ngati mwini "adzanyamula" amtengo zake makonzedwe ".com", lidzakhala nkhonya zina lonse wa gawo m'banja la World Lonse Web.

Akatswiri anafunsidwa kuti kusinthidwa kuti akanati ankawachotsera ndi kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino sharpest. Iwo amaona kuti lamulo ayenera sakutsutsana ndizosowa intaneti ufulu. Komanso, msika ophunzira anayamba kuopa kuti malamulo atsopano adzakhala chida yothetsera mavuto malonda zopalira ufulu wapadera likuvutika eni malo.

anachita pagulu

Ambiri Intaneti monga chizindikiro cha kusagwirizana ndi malamulo atsopano mongoyembekezera anasiya ntchito yake mu tsiku, pamene adalowa mphamvu "odana ndi kuberana kwazaluso" lamulo Russia. Tsiku kusaina chikalata anali kutsogolera kwa kuphatikiza gulu zosiyanasiyana maukonde pafupifupi. August 1, 2013 zoposa zikwi malo kuti sakukhudzidwa Seva awo. Zionetsero inachitika ku misewu. Choncho, "Pirate Party wa Russia" msonkhano misonkhano pang'ono, zoimbaimba m'mizinda ikuluikulu.

The Internet anayamba kusonkhanitsa anasaina pafupifupi kwa kupemphera kwa akuluakulu a boma. Malinga ndi malamulo, kuti kanthu anadutsa ku State Duma, ayenera kuthandiza anthu zikwi zana chimodzi. The chiwerengero anasaina wakhala anasonkhana kwenikweni mu masabata choyamba pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa ndalama. Komabe, mavuto alionse noticeable izi kanthu yapachiweniweni analephera. kupempha anakanidwa mu October 2013.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamulo inali nthawi kuti asonkhanitse mbali ya polimbana zili unlicensed. Choncho, dziko lonse Intaneti kanema owonetsera amakuonani bungwe lotchedwa "Internet Video". gulu anavomera ichitikire kulimbikitsa msika mankhwala yovomerezeka pa Intaneti - mafilimu, TV, etc ...

"Wamuyaya loko"

Chimodzi mwa zochitika kwambiri resonant kugwirizana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamulo anali "loko wosatha" wotchuka mtsinje zipata Rutracker.org. Pa malo, anaika zili zosiyana kwambiri. Eni ake a gwero pamaso pa lamulo otsekedwa owona kugawa zopalira bwino amene anadandaula za Kusinthaku awo mu maukonde.

Mu 2015, yaikulu yosindikiza nyumba "Eksmo" akadandaule suti mu Moscow City Court. Ndi zochita zake, malo wakhala oletsedwa. Wosindikiza chofunika kutseka 320.000 manja, analengedwa pa zaka khumi kuli zipata za. Site eni athera pa voti gwero mwa owerenga. Anthu amene anafunsidwa momwe zikugwirizanirana ndi kutsekedwa kwa manja. Chifukwa mkangano pakati pa lodziwa kumene kuli ndi yofalitsa anakhala "odana ndi kuberana kwazaluso" lamulo Russia. Article, kapena kani, Chilamulo Federal nambala 187, ananena kuti malo mu mwambo kulephera awiri m'makhoti angagwe pansi pa "loko okhazikika".

Mlanduwu "rutrekere"

"Wamuyaya loko" - loletsa pa kupeza malo lonse, osati zipangizo zimene zapezeka unlicensed. Koma monga kuletsa kutchula chosiyana ndi mwachizolowezi? Nthawi yapita, Roskomnadzor kubwezeretsa kupeza Websites ngati eni awo anachotsedwa zili pirated.

Rutracker.org anaopseza chiletso ndi malire nthawi. Ogwiritsa ntchito malo pokondera kusunga chuma kutsutsana. January 19, 2016 gwero la kunagwa "loko okhazikika". Mpaka ntsiku eneyo, malo anachezeredwa ndi ochepa tsiku lililonse, anthu mamiliyoni owerenga. Zinali Russia ndi malo aakulu kwambiri a mtundu wake.

Intaneti ndi Roskomnadzor

Nkhani ya "rutrekere" zimasonyeza bwanji "odana ndi kuberana kwazaluso" lamulo Russia. Anatengera kapena ayi chikalata ichi? Inde, ali kale mu mphamvu lonse Russian gawo pa Intaneti. "Rutrekere" anakhala anafa wake kwambiri.

Kamodzi zokhoma chiwerengero cha owerenga amene anapita ku malo, anagwa kangapo. Komabe, omvetsera msanga katswiri zipangizo kuti circumvent ya malamulo oletsa Roskomnadzor. Mkati mwa masabata ochepa magalimoto pa malo ku mfundo zoyambirira (logwirana). Komanso, "rutrekere" zopalira ngoletsedwa kukopera kwa apilo dzanja. Pambuyo pake, malo ali chidwi zili oletsedwa, amene anathira "odana ndi kuberana kwazaluso" lamulo.

marekodi piratical

Ogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina anabwera ndi njira zawo za matchalitchi ndi chigamulo cha Roskomnadzor. Kuwonjezera video, ndi khamu lalikulu la mfundo pirated owona audio. The zapamwamba waukulu nyimbo mu Russian gawo la Internet ndi malo ochezera "VKontakte". utsogoleri wake wakhala kutsatira malangizo a Roskomnadzor ndi atadandaula wa zopalira bwino, amene timva anaikidwa omvera patsamba awo.

Komabe, mapulogalamuwanso a Intaneti komanso nkhani ya "rutrekere" anapeza njira kumachilambalala blockage, zimene zinachititsa Pankhondo ya boma ndi kuberana kwazaluso. Anthu amene kukopera music, anayamba Sinthani dzina nyimbo kuti dongosolo sangathe kudziwa kuti file ali mu lowongolera wa zosayenera. Chifukwa, maukonde chikhalidwe kachiwiri anasefukira zinthu pirated.