Baikal zomera. Nyanja ya Baikal, Russia

Baikal pamodzi ndi m'madera ozungulira mzindawo ndi malo okongola kwambiri, mitunda chodabwitsa ndi zodabwitsa zimene akhoza kundiuza nthawi yayitali. Izi ndi dziko ndi chilengedwe chokongola kwambiri: mitunda wosangalatsa, headlands chodabwitsa, ovuta zochititsa chidwi ndi kukongola ena anakumana ku khwerero liri.

The zomera nyanja ya Baikal dziko ndi osiyanasiyana kwambiri, chifukwa chikhalidwe kuno anakhalabe pafupifupi bwinobwino, ndipo anthu zakwawoko amakhala ku njira ya makolo. Chifukwa uno, malo ano amakopeka Eco-alendo chaka chilichonse padziko lonse.

The zomera nyanja ya Baikal World

Kuli chiwerengero chachikulu cha nyama, zomwe zina lingapezeke mu malo awa. Mwachitsanzo, chisindikizo - wokongola pang'ono nyama imene anakhala kalekale chizindikiro wa nyanza. Kapena nsomba kansomba - loonekeratu! Mu Nyanja ya Baikal zinyama ukufanizidwa ndi nsomba zambiri zosiyanasiyana, chisindikizo ndi zina zotero. Pa gombe la agologolo, sables, mphalapala, nguluwe, nkhandwe, amene ali alendo sizachilendo. Nkhandwe, zimbalangondo ndi amphaka anali kutali kudutsa alendo. Usana ndi usiku mbalame kuimba pano. Ndipo ngati tikukamba za nsomba, ndi Nsombazi, Grayling, whitefish ndi Cisco Ndi anthu ankaikira madzi wamba.

chisindikizo Baikal

Apa yekha woimira nyama - ndi Baikal chidindo (kapena chisindikizo). Ndipo ngati tikulingalira mavuto a Baikal, n'zotheka kudziwa basi chimene nyama pafupi kutha.

Pali malingaliro angapo za mmene chisindikizo ali pano. Pali Baibulo limeneli kuti aloŵa kuno ku Ocean Arctic m'nthawi glacial pa mitsinje kusiya ndi ayezi.

Nyama chodabwitsa pafupifupi moyo wake wonse mu madzi, surfacing aliyense mphindi 20 kuti mbali ina ya mpweya wabwino. M'nyengo yozizira, iye amapuma kudzera potulukira wapadera - mabowo ang'onoang'ono mpweya, amene amalenga, timataira zikawalesa ayezi pansi forepaws. Sindikiza yozizira mu mapanga, kukonza iwo mu magawo ndi hummocky la nyanja pansi chisanu. Mozungulira malo obisalamo pali zoposa 10 osiyana wothandiza mpweya mabowo. Iwo akhoza kuteteza kuchokera pansi pa makumi a mamita. Izo zatsimikiziridwa kuti luso la kupanga mabowo mpweya ndi chibadwa achilengedwe.

Chakudya chachikulu cha zisindikizo ndi kansomba-goby nsomba. Tsiku iye wakudya makilogalamu 3-5 ya nsomba. zisindikizo wamkulu m'chaka wanyeketsa tani nsomba.

Pafupifupi zaka 4 mkazi amakhala okhwima pogonana. zaka 1-2 kenako, iwo akhwime kugonana ndi akazi. Ife titasindikiza mimba amakhala miyezi 11. Kufikira zaka makumi anai ndi kubala ana.

Mu February ndi April amabadwa ana agalu. Iwo amaoneka mu chisanu khola, pa ayezi, anadyetsa mkaka wa m'mawere. Kwenikweni kusindikiza zimbalangondo 1, nthawi zina ziwiri ana masekeli mpaka makilogalamu 4. Young ndi ubweya woyera kuti zimawathandiza kukhala pa chisanu pafupifupi imperceptible.

chisindikizo Middle akulemera makilogalamu 50, pazipita - 150 makilogalamu. Animal kusambira liwiro - mpaka makilomita 20 pa ola limodzi.

kansomba kwambiri

Baikal amakhala 2 mitundu golomyankas - yaing'ono ndi yaikulu. mitundu awiri awa amapezeka pa kuya ndithu. Iwo tsiku pa akuya 500 m, mkuuka 50 mamita usiku. Chifukwa madzi a m'nyanja ya Baikal ndi oyera kwambiri, mungathe kuwona izi wokongola nsomba pinki, shimmering ndi mithunzi yonse pafupifupi 20 masentimita kukula utawaleza. Mu kansomba thupi translucent chifukwa cha yaikulu mafuta okhutira (45%).

Ndi nsomba viviparous. Pa nthawi yomweyo kubadwa kwa lalikulu mphutsi munthu akupezeka kugwa, pamene pa otsika mu June. Mu ambiri mphutsi kansomba za 4000, kakang'ono - 2500.

Nsomba moyo mpaka zaka 5. Mu chakudya ankadya achinyamata nsomba ndi nkhanu.

Baikal omul

Cisco - waukulu malonda nsomba. Koyera madzi nyanja amalola kukhala mitundu ake anayi Cisco: Chivyrkui, Selenga, Kumpoto, ndi akazembe.

Mu autumn, mu nthawi ikrometa, mitundu yonse wotumidwa kwa mtsinje zawo. Hod kuti zimaswana mu mtsinje akuyamba mayikidwe kutentha kwa madzi mu August ndi September. Mu October spawning limapezekanso pa kutentha madzi a osapitirira 5 ° C. Dzira chitukuko kumatenga miyezi 8 ndi achinyamata mphutsi za limbikitsa umatha kumapeto kwa May. Ana a whitefish, kumenya madera estuarine ku malire m'munsi mwa mitsinje, mu litters, ndi kumalo ndi anachedwa ndi miyezi 1.5, monga May ndi June, malo awa yodziwika ndi kutentha yabwino ya madzi.

Juveniles mu ofunda osaya zone ya intensively wakudya yaing'ono chironomid mphutsi, zomera ndi zina zotero. The mphutsi kukhala mwachangu, ndipo mwamsanga pamene m'mphepete mwa nyanja m'madera madzi a nyanza Kumalimbikitsa monga 11˚S ndi zambiri omulevaya juveniles pang'onopang'ono ankakhala moyo wotayirira on Lake Baikal, ndi zomera ndi olemera ndi osiyanasiyana.

Wamkulu Cisco wobwezera chaka 5 cha moyo wake.

Makulidwe a nsomba a mafuko osiyana amasiyana. Yaikulu ndi Selenga mpikisano. M'chilimwe nsomba pafupifupi thupi anafika 404 ga ndi kutalika thupi la 35 masentimita. Kukula zing'onozing'ono za North-Baikalian mafuko osiyana, amene Wapakati kulemera ukufika m'chilimwe limagwira magalamu 255.

Kulemera pazipita nsomba - 5 kg.

Baikal Nsombazi

zomera olemera kwambiri nyanja ya Baikal. Mwachidule za izo, ndinene za Baikal Nsombazi. Nthawi zonse amakhala apa ndipo amagwirizana makamaka ndi mitsinje pa kuswana kuti amapezeka C. Angara, Barguzin ndi Selenga. Ngakhale mitsinje iye angathe kukhala ndi moyo nthawi zonse, makamaka mu zaka zoyambirira 3. Juveniles zina akumira m'nyanja. Mkati si zachilendo Nsombazi m'dera lalikulu. Osaya zone anaphunzira 200 m. Pakati nsomba spawning zimachokera mitsinje pafupifupi 100 Km from pakamwa.

Baikal Nsombazi limakula ndi yaitali. Amuna akhwime kugonana zaka 15, pamene akazi ali ndi zaka 20 zokha.

Kamodzi pa nthawi nsomba miyeso anafika makilogalamu 200; pakadali n'zochepa woimira kulemera kwa makilogalamu 90. Akazi, ndi thupi avareji makilogalamu 22,5 ndi kutalika masentimita 160, amuna pafupifupi 13.5 makilogalamu ndi kutalika 130 masentimita. Avereji ya chonde ya nsomba - 420.000 mazira.

The zikuchokera chakudya nsomba zosiyanasiyana, amene amayambitsidwa ndi chuma cha Baikal. The zomera kuti amakopeka Nsombazi - ndi mphutsi, mollusks, mphutsi za stoneflies, chironomids, amphipods, sculpin, nthawi zaumbanda carp nsomba ndi nsomba.

Black Baikal Grayling

mitundu kuderako wa ku Siberia Grayling. Nsomba kufala ozungulira nyanja ya Baikal (Russia), makamaka pafupi pakamwa mitsinje, kumene wachulukitsa. Iye amakhala m'madzi osaya (15 m) pafupi gombe, pamene pali dothi miyala.

M'nthawi ofunda zimapangitsa kusamuka kwa makhwawa zikuluzikulu za Baikal. Panthawi imeneyi amuna kukhala akuda, wowala chovala. Zakuda Grayling spawning chikuchitika mu May. Pambuyo pake, nsomba adagulung'undisa m'nyanja, ndi mwachangu nsomba ndi mphutsi Grayling yochulukirapo kumeneko kwa nthawi yaitali. Ndi yophukira iwo nawonso falitsani mu bedi nyanja ndi mitsinje yaikulu.

Zakuda Grayling msinkhu adza kwa zaka zinayi.

Chakudya: mphutsi za caddisflies, chironomids, gammarids, mayflies ndi tizilombo.

Avereji ya kukula - 250 mamilimita pa thupi la magalamu 300. Black Grayling pazipita kutalika 530 mamilimita ndi kulemera kwa makilogalamu 1.2.

White Baikal Grayling

mitundu kuderako wa Grayling kuchokera wakuda ali ndi mitundu kwambiri yowala ndipo zina kwachilengedwenso.

Iye amakhala ntunda unango wa nyanza, nthawi yomweyo amamuchititsa malo pakamwa pa makhwawa lalikulu, makamaka kumpoto-kum'mawa ndi kum'mawa gawo la nyanja.

White kuyang'ana kwambiri wakuda. Imatha kulemera pazipita 2 makilogalamu kapena kuposa kutalika thupi pafupifupi 600 mm. Kukula kwake pafupifupi nsomba ndi 300 mamilimita ndipo zimalemera magalamu 500

A msinkhu nsomba adza kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Wapakati chonde ya mtundu woyera mu akuda nthawi 5 zambiri.

The spawning amapezeka mu May, pamene kutentha madzi ndi 14˚S. Panthawi imeneyi mazira anaika pa mchenga m'mphepete mwa nyanja madzi osaya pa akuya pafupifupi 50 cm. The mgwirizano mwachangu ndi nsomba zofanana ndi za wakuda Grayling.

Chakudya ndi zinyama wolemera nyanja ya Baikal: mphutsi za stoneflies, caddisflies, chironomids, mayflies, dragonflies.

mbawala mbawala

Mbawala - nyama yaikulu ya chigawo Baikal. Imatha kulemera pafupifupi la makilogalamu 400, kulemera amuna munthu ndi 0.5 m. M'litali thupi la mamita mpaka 3 kutalika pa zinafota pafupifupi 2.3 m. Pankhaniyi, amuna ochokera akazi lalikulu kukula, ndi kuti adzalandire spatulate chaka motsatizanatsatizana nyanga. Nyanga amphamvu kwambiri kuwonekera amuna zaka 15. Mu January antlers kuguluka, latsopano kukula kumayambira March.

Hong zimachitika kumapeto kwa September. Mu May, ndi zinyama za Baikal limayenda ndi - akazi timabadwa ng'ombe.

Mphalapala anali mu magulu a nyama 4-6 kapena singly.

M'nyengo yozizira iwo kudya makungwa ndi mphukira wa mitengo m'chilimwe - zosiyanasiyana zitsamba.

musk-nswala

Musk - nswala zazing'ono, amene amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Baikal. The zomera malo awa ndi yosiyanasiyana. Musk ambiri chidwi. Kutalika thupi la 1 mita pa kulemera kwa 17 makilogalamu. Miyendo yakumbuyo yaitali kuposa kutsogolo. No nyanga, ngakhale amuna ndi yokhota kumapeto, mano yaitali.

Iye amakhala mu nkhalango, kudya lichens lapadziko ndi arboreal.

Gon chikuchitika mu November, mimba kumatenga za 190 masiku. Anabadwa munthu, nthawi zina ana awiri.

Kuona mavuto a Baikal, tiyenera kukumbukira mofulumira mofulumira mitundu. Izi zili choncho makamaka chifukwa chakuti nyama yogwira imachitika pa iye. Izi ndi chifukwa musk England ili mwa mwamuna pa mimba yake. Musk - ndi gelatinous, chuma wandiweyani ndi fungo amphamvu kwambiri, omwe ntchito popanga mafutawa ndi mankhwala.