Bankirapuse (insolvency) wa bungwe lalamulo: lingaliro ndi chikhalidwe, maonekedwe, makhalidwe onse, lamulo malamulo. lamulo insolvency (bankirapuse) a mabungwe alamulo

Lingaliro la insolvency (bankirapuse) wa bungwe lalamulo si zongomva bwino kwa a boma, amalonda, akatswiri ndi ophunzira a kudzinenera zachuma ndi malamulo. Wina wochokera colliding ndi matikiti akuti shtudiruet pamaso mayeso, munthu akulemba Inde kapena kafukufuku pepala. Mu ina ndi zovuta nthawi ya moyo chodabwitsa opezeka mu mabwalo, matupi boma, kulowa Makomiti zosiyanasiyana kapena - pa zikachitika - monga mwini wake wa kampani insolvent. mwatsatanetsatane ati awulule mbali insolvency (bankirapuse) a mabungwe alamulo.

Bankirapuse: onse Lingaliro

Ngati tikulingalira akuti mu mawonekedwe mwachizolowezi, mtengo wake - insolvency. zoterezi kukula pamene kampani kapena munthu sangathe kulipira ngongole maudindo awo kwa mabanki, akuluakulu msonkho, ma sapulaya ndi magulu ena a angongole.

Komabe, nthawi zina colloquially wotchedwa zinatha lova munthu amene anatsirizira pamoyo wawo.

General makhalidwe a insolvency (bankirapuse) ya malamulo chilli ndi olakwika insolvency ndi ofanana m'njira zambiri. Mliliwu asapita zachuma ndi malamulo, munthu alibe ndalama kapena sikokwanira kwa iwo kutuluka ngongole, monga zanenedwa, umatchedwa bankirapuse. Zolimbana zochita malamulo amapereka zambiri. Pa - zina.

Bankirapuse (insolvency) wa bungwe lalamulo mawu a malamulo

Nkofunika kudziwa kuti zodabwitsazi sangathe pofotokoza kuchita umodzi malamulo. Mu Russian Federation, ndi yang'anira zikuluzikulu malamulo Chilamulo Federal "Pa Insolvency (bankirapuse)" mabungwe alamulo N 127-FZ cha 2002. Kuwonjezera mchitidwewo pamwamba, ndondomeko ndi mfundo bankirapuse ali ndi malamulo a Civil Code. Pambuyo 127-FZ CC ali ndi udindo wofunika ndi udindo chapakati. Yotsirizira komanso nthawi insolvency (bankirapuse) a mabungwe alamulo ndi anthu.

Komanso, mndandandawo monga malamulo ena feduro:

• Chilamulo Federal ya February 25, 1999 N 40 FZ "Pa Insolvency (bankirapuse)" (monga kukonzedwa).
• Federal Chilamulo cha June 24, 1999 N 122-FZ "Pa peculiarities wa insolvency (bankirapuse) nzika za owona zachilengedwe mafuta ndi mphamvu zovuta."
• RF boma Maonekedwe a February 3, 2005 N 52 "Pa ulamuliro zolimbana udindo ikuyang'anira ntchito za mabungwe kudziletsa malamulo a Mabwana Oyang'anira chigamulo".

Mulinso zina zambiri Chilamulo Federal pa Insolvency (bankirapuse) a anthu za malamulo, amene ntchito Mogwirizana ndi nkhani ina.

Machitidwe pamwamba monga mfundo ofunika kwambiri monga:

• ndi ngongole;
• ngongole;
• insolvency (bankirapuse) a mabungwe alamulo;
• kuvomerezedwa malipiro.

Monga wamangawa angakhale munthu lachilengedwe, wazamalonda munthu kapena bungwe lalamulo amene sangathe kulipira ngongole zonena za angongole ake pa udindo ndalama ndi ndalama kuvomerezedwa mu nthawi anakhazikitsa lamulo pa insolvency (bankirapuse) a anthu.

Wokongoza - amangoona bungwe lalamulo mu ulemu umene wamangawa ndi udindo ngongole ndalama.

Bankirapuse (insolvency) a bungwe lalamulo anazindikira mwa kuweruza arbitral. Anamvetsa kuti satha wa wokongolayo kukwaniritsa chonena ngongole pankhani ya zofuna ndalama.

Lamulo malipiro - ndi msonkho, ntchito ndi mitengo yosiyanasiyana ndi milandu, mwachitsanzo, thumba penshioni kapena inshuwalansi wantchito.

Ambiri, lamulo malamulo a insolvency (bankirapuse) wa bungwe lalamulo ndi dongosolo mwachilungamo zovuta. Izi interweaving ya malamulo a lamulo la magawo osiyanasiyana komanso chakudya nkhani ya Civil Code, kumasulira chodabwitsa insolvency (bankirapuse) a mabungwe alamulo. Mwachidule kuli kovuta kufotokoza.

Kumbali ya kusunga mbiri

Concept ndi zizindikiro za insolvency (bankirapuse) wa bungwe lalamulo chikuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa zinthu. Ngati tikambirana ndondomeko ya chizindikiritso cha insolvency pamaziko a m'bwalo la milandu, monga tafotokozazi, chakuti bankirapuse ndi kukhazikitsa chigamulo. Mfundo izi ndi kuthetsa kukulitsa nkhaniyo pakati pa bizinesi komanso angongole mwalamulo. Cholinga - mosavuta kugawa chuma cha kampani ndi mwayi kukwaniritsa zofuna za onsewo kuti mkangano - mosonyeza bizinesi komanso angongole.

insolvency malamulo (bankirapuse) mabungwe malamulo imati gulu imatengedwa insolvent ngati udindo kubweza ngongoleyo akhala sichinakwaniritsidwe pasanathe miyezi itatu kuchokera tsiku opulukira.

Komanso, malamulo amapereka mwayi kwa mabungwe kusintha udindo wa milandu awo, koma kuyang'aniridwa ndi wa kuweruza arbitral, magombe okha, komanso mabungwe wapadera ndi kasamalidwe, zomwe analembedwa.

Bankirapuse ku mfundo chuma view

Ambiri, tanthauzo ndi ofanana ndi malamulo. Concept ndi zizindikiro za insolvency bankirapuse wa bungwe lalamulo: Pankhaniyi, kulephera zinkatanthauza ndi kudutsamo liquidation ndondomeko kapena apeze chinthucho. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti gulu wobwereka sangathe kukumana zonena angongole.

Zimenezi zikachitika pamene pali zizindikiro za bankirapuse, mwachitsanzo. E. The zifukwa chifukwa chimene kampani sangathe kulipira ngongole zake. Malowa angakhale monga Mwachitsanzo, kasamalidwe cholakwika wa kampani, pamene, chifukwa zochita kasamalidwe kapena anthu amene amagwira ntchito zina, kampani anayamba lobweretsa zomvetsa ndipo pang'onopang'ono uwonongedwe. Chifukwa china chingakhale chilengedwe kunja: ndi fluctuation lakuthwa mu kufunika kwa mankhwala misonkhano, padziko lonse zachuma zinthu, monga kudumpha mu mitengo kuwombola, komanso kulowa kwa mpikisano amphamvu, kapena kuipitsidwa. Nthawi zina mavuto a za ndale zingakhudze, monga ziletso. Komanso kuno akhoza zimachitika zinthu luso - mavuto malipiro banki kapena hardware kulephera mu nkhani ya makampani osiyanasiyana ndalama akhoza kukhala wotsutsa.

Nthawi zina chifukwa cha kulephelaku mwadala zochita kuyan'anila za ogwira ntchito za bungwe, monga kuzemba msonkho kapena alipire ngongole, komanso kumana kapena achire wa katundu kampani. Komabe, zimenezi ndi mosamalitsa chilango pansi pa Code Wachifwamba.

Zizindikiro za insolvency (bankirapuse) wa bungwe lalamulo

Nthaŵi zina, pafupifupi ntchito iliyonse akhoza imawonongeka mosayembekezereka. Pamaso gulu kupita mu gawo insolvency, izo kupeza angapo muyezo, zomwe zimatchedwa otchedwa pafupi bankirapuse.

The chizindikiro ofunda - kulephera kwa nthawi yaitali kulipira ntchito zawo zosiyanasiyana. Ambiri, maonekedwe awo ndi kuti akhazikitse Kuthi malamulo.

Mu kafukufuku bwino Integrated kulingalira zizindikiro mwamwayi wa bankirapuse. Kawirikawiri kuwunika makhalidwe ameneŵa, kampani limakupatsani kupulumutsa osati pa insolvency, komanso ndondomeko zosafunika zokhudzana ndi kusintha kwa ndalama zimenezi. Zizindikiro Mwamwayi akhoza kugawidwa mu subspecies awiri makonzedwe:

• zopelekedwa - m'njira ina zikugwirizana ndi mfundo zachuma, kuwerengera ndi kasamalidwe mlandu;
• mosadziwika - chikugwirizana mwachindunji ndi kasamalidwe kampani, kasamalidwe chitsanzo ndi khalidwe la udindo.

Choncho, zopelekedwa zimaonetsa - amene tikuyesera zikupezeka mu mfundo mphamvu chuma, ndi zikalata zina za kampaniyo. Iwo akuwonekanso mu ngongole yaitali ngongole kwa wokongoza a bungwe, komanso kusintha mwadzidzidzi pepala bwino. Mwachitsanzo, angakhale kuoneka ambiri chuma mfulu kumalo a ntchito, kuwonjezereka lakuthwa kapena kuchepa kwa m'matangadza, kuchedwa malipiro, lalikulu olandila. Ambiri, ndi aliyense wosavomerezedwa kusintha kwakukulu zimene zimakhudza mbali ndalama za bungwe.

Zizindikiro zotsalira za insolvency wa bankirapuse wa munthu malamulo, monga ulamuliro, ndi oyambirira. Kulephera kwa mabungwe akuyamba ndi zizolowezi zimenezi. Monga tanena, kwenikweni kusintha kasamalidwe khalidwe la kampani kapena ena a anthu a udindo. Nkofunika kulabadira nkhondo mkati, mabwana, komanso zaluso zosiyanasiyana zoona (pofuna amanena, mitengo kuchepa ndi zina zotero. D.). Ngati mmodzi wa eni a kampani zikuchepa amagulitsa magawo ake, nayonso chizindikiro zotsalira za zinthu chowawa. Izi zikuphatikizapo kusintha lakuthwa mu mapulani yaitali, njira kampani, zomwe zingachititse makasitomala kaŵirikaŵiri zimafalitsa ndi, monga chotsatira cha mavuto a zachuma, umene kupanga unyolo wonse, kuphatikizapo liquidation wa.

ziŵalo

Iyi ndi ndondomeko zofunika kwambiri chifukwa wokongolayo - Ndipotu, mphepo chachiwiri, chomwe chingathe kupulumutsa gulu. Amakhala ndi miyezo iwiri: kunja kulamulira ndi ukhondo.

ulamuliro kunja ndi kusamutsa katundu wa ngongole mwapadera yoikidwiratu bankirapuse Commissioner. Ndondomeko anachita ndi bwalo. Ngati mavuto mu kampani akhala ogwirizana ndi osaphunzira (ndi zina chigawenga) zochita za kasamalidwe okalamba, ulamuliro kunja akhoza kubweretsa m'gulu mwa mavuto, makamaka makampani lalikulu ndi kuchuluka kwa chuma kapena mphamvu kupanga.

Remediation - Njira imeneyi ndi ndalama zina wokongolayo. Magwero a ndalama kuti awathandize kungakhale State, yokha mwini kumalo a ntchito, ndi zina obwereketsa. kukhwimitsa Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachibale kwa pamalo abwino ofunika kwa malonda m'dzikoli, monga mabanki kapena zomera zosiyanasiyana.

Kupha

ndondomeko izi n'zotheka kuti gawo ntchito ya kampani zinatha. Conventionally, zonsezi akhoza kugawidwa mu subspecies awiri:

• liquidation zaufulu (pansi pa ulamuliro wa angongole);
• kukakamizidwa (by bwalo).

Mbali yoyamba, bungwe akutembenukira ntchito yake kudzera mwa kuthetsa mwamtendere. Childs, wokongoza afika chuma cha wobwereka kapena njira ina iliyonse kuthetsa mkangano. Chotero pangano akhoza anasaina Nthawi iliyonse pa siteji iliyonse ya kuyesedwa bankirapuse.

Mokakamizidwa liquidation kumaphatikizapo mayesero yaitali, zomwe lamulo kusankha mkangano wa wokongoza ndi wobwereka. Pankhaniyi zosiyanasiyana utsogoleri levers kufalitsa chuma pakati pa magombe zidzagwiritsidwanso ntchito Komanso, ziletso zotheka ndi anthu udindo.

bankirapuse Mafomu

Monga ulamuliro, malingaliro osiyanasiyana pa chuma ndiponso ufulu kwa zosavuta m'kagulu. Insolvency (bankirapuse) a anthu za malamulo lagawidwa subtypes osiyana. Kenako zalembedwa anthu amakonda anakumana:

• Real bankirapuse. Iwo amakhala ndi kulephera kuti abwezere gulu udindo wake pamaziko zomvetsa ndi outflows cha chilungamo ndi ngongole. Choncho khalidwe la ntchito kumalo amenewa kumakhala kovuta. Komanso wa kuweruza arbitral mwalamulo watero motsimikiza insolvent.
• The bankirapuse wogwirizira. Amaganizira ndi nkhani yaikulu olandila, zimene mbali yaikulu ya mankhwala sichinayambe analipira, koma madzi anakhalabe. kumam'phunzitsa zoterozo ngongole kwa wokongoza, komanso chinyezimiro cha mavuto mu mawu ndalama. Izi ndi zochitika - sizachilendo mu Zikatero, kuweruza arbitral kapena angongole angalole nthawi zina chifukwa ntchito udindo. Angagwiritsidwenso kugwiritsa ntchito ulamuliro kapena kuyang'aniridwa ndi kampani. Ambiri mwa makampani amenewa achire ntchito yawo.
• Dala bankirapuse. Mawuwa mavuto aakulu kwambiri chifukwa kasamalidwe kampani. Aliyense ntchito ndi cholinga kubisa katundu msonkho kuzemba, kugulitsa kapena gulu la katundu, kuba ndi zinthu zina oletsedwa. njira zimenezi zimakhalira kuwasandutsa milandu ndi mabwana kampani, komanso mamiliyoni ndalama ndi kuletsa kuti udindo wina kwa nthawi yaitali.
• Fictitious bankirapuse (insolvency) wa bungwe lalamulo. Chiwembu ndi ofanana mitundu m'mbuyomu, koma cholinga chake - ndi kupeza mawu yabwino kwambiri kwa obwereketsa, monga mitengo m'munsi chiwongoladzanja pa ngongole kapena malipiro mtsogolo. Mofanana ndi maonekedwe a m'mbuyomu a insolvency, nthawi zambiri amalenga mavuto aakulu kwa mabwana kampani, mpaka Kuthi wachifwamba ndi mawu enieni m'ndende.

Bankirapuse anthu

Pankhaniyi, limatipatsa m'njira yosiyana kulingalira insolvency. Relations ndi maulamuliro, makhoti ndi angongole ali malamulo mosiyana. Tsopano kutsatira Chilamulo Federal №476-FZ (ndi bankirapuse a anthu athupi), amene anayamba ntchito mu 2015, pa October 1. Kuchokera pa kuchita mlanduwu, nzika iliyonse ya la Russia kuti ndilengeze insolvency yake pansi pa zikhalidwe izi: ngongole overdue ndi miyezi itatu, pali zikalata zomwe chinatsimikizira kusowa mpata ngongoleyo (buku la ntchito, umboni wa ulova ndi zina zotero. .), komanso kuchuluka kwa ngongole choposa rubles zikwi mazana asanu.

Lokha bankirapuse ndondomeko kumafuna masiteji atatu. Gawo loyamba - pamtima ulamuliro zachiweruzo, ndi kuzipeleka kwa ntchito mutha kuzindikira osati munthu, komanso ngongole yake. Zotsatirazi ndi pempho kwa obatizidwayo, ndipo ngati kukwanira, izo adzayamba gawo lachitatu - mwachindunji ndi mlandu.

Choncho, munthu dipo. Pankhaniyi, kulemba ngongole zonse, motsatira malamulo, kapena gawo lawo ena. Komabe, chifukwa ena mavuto, mwachitsanzo, wamangawa sadzatha kuti udindo kwa zaka zisanu, ndipo padzakhala mavuto ndi kupeza ngongole.

Malangizo kwa mabungwe alamulo

Pankhani ya amalonda njira yabwino kwambiri kuti musakhale kuti mu mkhalidwe umenewu, pamene chiopsezo ku mkhalidwe wachuma wa bungwe ndi akulu. Apa angathandize malizitsani zoyezera kuteteza bankirapuse. Woyamba ndi malamulo onse, kulingalira kulamulira antchito awo ndi mawu, ndipo, ndithudi, kafukufuku.

Pali mabungwe ambirimbiri othandizira komanso ochita kafukufuku, akatswiri odzipangira okhaokha, owerengetsa ndalama zomwe amagwira ntchito payekha kapena akufika panthawi yoyenera. Ophunzirawa sangathandize kokha kusokoneza (kulephera) kwa bungwe lovomerezeka, komanso kukonza zizindikiro zofunikanso ndi khalidwe la ntchito yonse.

Ngati vutoli lachitika, ndipo malondawa ali m'bungwe la bankruptcy, ndiye bwino kuti musazengereze njira yofufuza ntchito iliyonse, koma chitani mwadzidzidzi. Musamawononge nthawi ndikunyenga wobwereketsa. Izi zidzangowonjezera vutoli ndipo zikhoza kuwonjezera mavuto ena, monga chilango ndi zilango zowonjezereka, kufikira chilango chophwanya malamulo.

Komanso, ngati kampaniyo ilibe katswiri wa nthawi zonse, ndiye kuti nkofunika kuika katswiri wodziwa bwino, mwina, kudzatha kuchepetsa ndalama za ndende, nthawi ya ndondomeko, komanso kusunga gawo la katundu wa kampaniyo.

Kwa anthu

Pano pali vutoli: kuti nzika yotsimikizidwe kuti ikugwedezeka, iyeneranso kuteteza malowa mosakhazikika m'khoti. Zochitika pa moyo ndi zosiyana, ndikofunika kwambiri kuti tikhalebe odziletsa komanso oyenera, chithunzichi chidzakuthandizira kupambana.

Lamulo la bankruptcy la anthu palinso latsopano, kotero kuti milandu yowonjezereka ndi mavuto ndi zotheka, munthu ayenera kupita kwa akatswiri odziwa ntchitoyi.

Chofunika kwambiri ndi kusagwiritsira ntchito molakwa lamuloli, chifukwa ngati chinyengo chidzatsegulidwa, ndiye kuti mwayi wotaya katundu, mbiri komanso ufulu wanu ndi waukulu kwambiri.