Bertolt Brecht: yonena, mbiri ya moyo, zilandiridwenso ndi mabuku abwino

Bertolt Brecht (1898-1956 gg.) - mmodzi wa waukulu kanjedza German ed, luso playwrights yake, koma kusewera wake ndi chotchuka ndi zimayikidwa m'mabwalo ambiri a dziko. wolemba prose ndi ndakatulo, komanso mlengi wa zisudzo "Berliner gulu loyimba". Bertolda Brehta zilandiridwenso anamutengera kulenga azimuth latsopano "zisudzo ndale." Iye anabadwa mu mzinda German ya Augsburg. Kuyambira pa unyamata wake anali ndi chidwi zisudzo, koma banja lake ankati iye anali dokotala, pambuyo sekondale adalowa University. Lyudviga Maksimiliana ku Munich.

Bertolt Brecht: yonena ndi ntchito

Komabe, kusintha kwakukulu kunachitika pambuyo msonkhano ndi wotchuka German wolemba Leon Fayhvangerom. Iye anaona mwamsanga mnyamata chidwi talente ndipo analimbikitsa iye kuti achite mabuku pafupi. Ndi nthawi iyi Brecht atamaliza kusewera wake "ng'oma ya usiku", amene anayika ochitira masewero Munich a.

Ndi 1924, atamaliza maphunziro yunivesite kugonjetsa Berlin wamng'ono Bertolt Brecht. yonena lake limasonyeza kuti akuyembekezera msonkhano wina womwe ndi mkulu wotchuka Erwin Piscator. Patapita chaka chimodzi, tandem izi amalenga "proletarian zisudzo".

Mwachidule yonena za Bertolda Brehta limasonyeza kuti Wolemba wina yekha wosakhala nacho chuma, ndipo ndalama zake Sizinali zokwanira kwa inu buku ndi kugula zidutswa za playwrights wotchuka. N'chifukwa chake Brecht anaganiza kulemba zawo.

Koma iye adayamba tinkering ndi masewero otchuka, ndiyeno anapita staging ntchito otchuka zolembalemba kwa zisudzo sanali akatswiri.

ntchito ed

njira Creative wa Bertolda Brehta anayamba ndi kusewera "The Threepenny Opera" ndi John Gay, m'buku lake "Nyakusowa a Opera," yemwe anakhala mmodzi wa yoyamba zatsopano kuwonekera koyamba kugulu, kukhala mu 1928.

chiwembu limafotokoza nkhani za moyo wa kupemphapempha angapo osauka, amene amaima pa chilichonse, ndipo mwa onse akufuna n'zodalirika. Magwiridwe pasanapite nthawi anakhala otchuka monga opemphapempha, kupemphapempha pamaso sanali atchulidwa pa siteji.

Ndiye Brecht, pamodzi ndi mnzake Piscator amaika mu zisudzo "Volksbühne" buku lachiwiri ndi olowa kusewera Gorky "Mayi".

mzimu zisinthe

Mu Germany, pamene dziko la Germany anali kufunafuna njira yatsopano ya chitukuko ndiponso kumanga boma, ndipo kotero pali distemper ena. Ndipo mzimu uwu chosintha wa Bertolt kwambiri malinga ndi mzimu wa amaganiza anthu.

Pambuyo ndi kusewera latsopano Brecht ndi siteji anatengera buku ndi J. Hasek nkhani za Zopatsa wa Msilikali Good Schweik. Ndi chidwi cha omvera kuti anali kwenikweni amalimbikitsa zinthu zoseketsa tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo ambiri Chofunika - zokongola odana ndi nkhondo lathu.

Koma pano pa kusakhutira wolemba anagwa Nazi amene anayamba kulamulira pa nthawi ino. Choncho, ndi 1933, owonetsera antchito German anaziletsa. Pomwepo anakakamizika kusiya dziko ndi Bertolt Brecht.

Wambiri limasonyeza kuti pa nthawi imene iye anali wokwatira kwa Ammayi wotchuka Elene Vaygel, ndipo ndicho naye, anasamukira ku Finland.

Jobs mu Finland

Pali amayamba ntchito pa sewero "Amayi Kulimbika ndi ana ake." chiwembu, iye peeped m'buku German wowerengeka, limene limafotokoza Zopatsa wa torgashki m'nthawi ya Zaka Makumi Atatu nkhondo.

State wa Nazi ku Germany, iye sakanakhoza ndekha, kotero ine ndinapereka mtundu ndale mu sewerolo "Mantha ndi Kuipa kwa ulamuliro wa Hitler" ndipo anasonyeza zifukwa ake oona kubwera kwa Nazi Party wa Hitler.

nkhondo

Pa Chachiwiri World Finland anakhala angakuthandizeni la Germany, Brecht, choncho anali kusamuka, koma nthawi iyi mu America. Iye amayika pali sewero lake latsopano "Moyo wa Galileo" (1941), "Munthu Wabwino wa Szechwan", "Bambo Puntilla ndi mtumiki wake Matti."

Monga maziko unatengedwa nkhani wotchuka wowerengeka ndi Zotengera. Zikuoneka kuti yosavuta kumva, koma Brecht, kuwachitira ndi generalizations nzeru zaumunthu, anawamasula iwo m'mafanizo. Choncho Wolemba wina nafunafuna latsopano la mawu a malingaliro awo, malingaliro ndi zikhulupiriro.

Taganka Theater

zisudzo wake ed anali pafupi zedi ndi omvera. Nyimbo, nthawi zina omvera anaitanidwa siteji n'kuzitentha amagwira ntchito sewerolo. zinthu izi kanthu pa anthu kukwapula unsembe. Ndipo bwino Bertolt Brecht. yonena ake muli chinthu china chidwi kwambiri: likukhalira, ndi Moscow Taganka Theatre anayamba kusewera Brecht. Director Lyubimov anapanga sewero "Munthu Wabwino wa Szechwan" chizindikiro cha zisudzo Komabe, ngakhale ndi ochepa zisudzo ena.

Nkhondo itatha, iye anabwerera yomweyo Europe ndi Bertolt Brecht. Wambiri ali zomwe iye anakakhala Austria. Kupindula zisudzo ndi kuyima ovations anali mu masewero ake onse, omwe Mose analemba kumbuyo mu America, "The Caucasus choko Circle", "Rise of Arturo UI". The sewero loyamba iye anasonyeza mtima wake kuti filimu Charles Chaplin a "The Great Utsogoleri" ndipo anayesa kumaliza ukunena, chimene sanamalize Chaplin.

Theatre "Berliner gulu loyimba"

Mu 1949, a Berthold kuti ndikagwire ntchito mu GDR zisudzo "Berliner gulu loyimba" Kumeneko anabereka wotsogolera luso wotsogolera. Iye analemba zimasintha siteji ya ntchito zopambana za zowerenga dziko: "Vassa Zheleznov" ndi "Amayi" Kuwawa "Beaver ubweya odula" ndi "The Red tambala" G. Hauptmann.

Ndi zisudzo wake iye anayenda theka padziko lonse ndipo, ndithudi, anapita USSR, komwe mu 1954 anali kupereka kwa Lenin Peace Prize.

Bertolt Brecht: yonena, mndandanda wa mabuku

Mu zaka za m'ma 1955 Brecht, pa msinkhu wa zaka 57 anayamba kumva kudwala kwambiri, iye anali zaka, anayenda, atatsamira ndodo. Iye anapanga chifuniro imene Yesu anatchula bokosi ndi thupi lake sankaona poyera ndipo sanati malankhulidwe anatsanzikana.

Patatha chaka chimodzi m'chaka, ntchito mu zisudzo pa ulimi wa "Moyo Gadileya" Brekhov pa miyendo akuvutika ndi mtima aang'ono anamutsatira, ndi kumapeto kwa dzinja, Thanzi lake litalowa pansi, ndipo iye anamwalira ndi matenda kwambiri mtima August 10, 1956.

Pano pa izi ndi n'zotheka kumaliza mutu wa "Breht Bertold:. Mbiri mbiri ya moyo" Iwo okha mpaka kuwonjezera kuti moyo wanga wonse, munthu uyu chodabwitsa analemba mabuku ambiri zolembalemba. Amadziwika kuti masewero ake, kuwonjezera pa pamwambapa, "Baala" (1918), "Munthu ndi munthu" (1920), "The Life of Galileo" (1939), "The Caucasus choko" ndi enanso ambiri.