Bomba wamphamvu kwambiri mu dziko. Kodi ndi wamphamvu kuposa bomba: zingalowe kapena maphatikizidwe?

Palibe mphamvu mu dziko ochuluka kuposa kuphulika kwa bomba la nyukiliya kapena kuyamwa. kafukufuku zosiyanasiyana ndi chitukuko zinachititsa chakuti iwo unalengedwa zida zoopsa, mphamvu zowononga kuti kuphulika sanaleke aliyense. ndi bomba wamphamvu kwambiri mu dziko? Kuti tiyankhe funso limeneli, tiyenera kumvetsa peculiarities mabomba osiyanasiyana.

Kodi bomba?

Nyukiliya zomera mphamvu ntchito pa mfundo za kumasulidwa ndi pinning pansi mphamvu nyukiliya. Zimenezi kwenikweni ankalamulira. The mphamvu anamasulidwa ndi n'kukhala magetsi. Bomba la atomiki kumabweretsa chakuti pali unyolo anachita kuti kwathunthu amavutitsa, ndi kuchuluka yaikulu mphamvu anamasulidwa amachititsa chiwonongeko choopsa. Ureniamu ndi nyukiliyazo basi - si zinthu zina zilibe vuto lililonse tebulo nthawi, amatsogolera ndi mavuto padziko lonse.

A-bomba

Pofuna kumvetsa ndi wamphamvu kwambiri kuposa kuphulika kwa bomba pa dziko, kuphunzira zambiri zokhudza zonse. Hydrogen ndi mabomba a atomiki za nyukiliya makampani mphamvu. Ngati inu kuphatikiza ndi zidutswa ziwiri za ureniamu, koma aliyense ali ndi kulemera pansipa phindu yovuta, ichi "wogwirizana" adzakhala kuposa misa yovuta. Aliyense nyutironi kumatanthauza unyolo anachita, chifukwa imaphwanya pachimake ndi akumasula neutrons 2-3, amene amachititsa zochita latsopano kuwonongeka.

Nyutironi mphamvu sitingathe ulamuliro wa munthu. Pasanathe wachiwiri kwa mazana a mabilioni a kumene limawola n'kusanduka osati kumasula kuchuluka yaikulu mphamvu, komanso kukhala gwero la cheza amphamvu. Izi mvula nyukiliya yokutidwa ndi nkhungu wosanjikiza a dziko lapansi, minda, zomera ndi zamoyo zonse. Ngati ife kulankhula za masoka Hiroshima, inu mudzawona kuti 1 galamu ya zachiwawa wachititsa imfa ya anthu 200 sauzande.

Mfundo ntchito ndi ubwino zingalowe bomba

Akukhulupirira kuti zingalowe bomba, analengedwa ndi umisiri zatsopano akhoza kupikisana ndi nyukiliya. Mfundo ndi kuti m'malo TNT ntchito mpweya mankhwala amene ali wamphamvu kuposa nthawi dazeni ochepa. Ndege mkulu mphamvu bomba - amphamvu kwambiri zingalowe bomba mu dziko kuti satsatira ntchito zida za nyukiliya. Zikhoza kuwononga mdani, koma si kuwawa kunyumba ndi luso, zinthu kuwola sadzatero.

Kodi ntchito? Chikadzangotha kugwetsa yoponya mabomba amayamba ndi detonator pa mtunda wina kuchokera pansi. The nyumba akuwonongedwa ndipo sprayed mtambo waukulu. Pamene wothira mpweya, zikuyamba kudutsa kulikonse - kunyumba, bins, m'misasa. mitundu yonse ya mpweya amatopa kuyamwa. Ndi akuponya bomba izi akutembenukira supersonic yoweyula ndipo anapanga kutentha kwambiri.

Mosiyana ndi US zingalowe bomba ku Russian

kusiyana ndi kuti yotsirizira angathe kuwononga mdani, amene akhalanso pa bunker pogwiritsa ntchito zokwana yoyenera. Pa kuphulika mu warhead mpweya kugwa igunda molimba pansi, kuzikwirira pa akuya mamita 30. Pambuyo kuphulika, ndipo mtambo aumbike, amene kukula kukula, mukhoza kudutsa mu pogona ndi kale kumeneko amaphulika. mabombawo American ndizodzazidwa ndi TNT wamba, kotero kuwononga nyumbayi. Zingalowe bomba wawononga zina chinthu, popeza ali utali wozungulira ang'onoang'ono. Ziribe kanthu chimene bomba ndi wamphamvu kwambiri - aliyense wa iwo amachititsa wosayerekezeka ndi chilichonse amasokoneza, kumenya moyo zonse.

H-bomba

The H-bomba - wina zambiri zoopsa zida za nyukiliya. Pawiri la ureniamu ndi nyukiliyazo basi amapanga osati mphamvu, komanso kutentha amene kuchuluka kwa miliyoni madigiri. isotopes wa hydrogen ndi ogwirizana mu helium phata, amene amapanga lingamutsatire mphamvu gwero. Bomba wa hydrogen ndi wamphamvu kwambiri - ndi mfundo angatsutse. Tiyenera kulingalira chomwe kuphulika ndi mabomba a 3000 mabomba a atomiki ku Hiroshima. Mu US ndi Soviet Union akhoza kuwerenga 40,000 mabomba a ubongo osiyana - nyukiliya ndi wa hydrogen.

Kuphulika kwa zida ndi ofanana ndi njira kuti akupezeka Sun ndi nyenyezi. Fast neutrons pa liwilo Mamatirani ureniamu bomba chipolopolo yokha. Iye waima kunja osati kutentha, komanso fallout. Pali mpaka isotopes 200. Kupanga zida chotero nyukiliya mtengo kuposa nyukiliya, koma zotsatira zake zikhoza kumatheka mwa chiwerengero cha nthawi. Izi bomba amphamvu kwambiri chakumene, amene anavutika Soviet Union 12 August 1953.

zotsatira za kuphulika kwa

The chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa bomba wa hydrogen ndi khalidwe patatu. Chinthu choyamba chimene chimachitika - pali wamphamvu kwambiri kuphulika. mphamvu umadalira pa msinkhu wa kuphulika ikuchitika ndi mtundu wa mtunda, ndi digiri ya chilungamo za mlengalenga. Kodi kupanga mikuntho moto waukulu, amene kukhazikika pansi kwa maola angapo. Komabe, yachiwiri ndi zotsatira zowawa kwambiri zomwe zingachititse amphamvu kwambiri nyukiliya bomba - ndi cheza nyukiliya ndi kuipitsidwa wa madera ozungulira kwa nthawi yaitali.

zatsalira nyukiliya pambuyo kuphulika kwa bomba wa hydrogen

Ndi kuphulika kwa fireball muli m'ndandanda wa particles chabwino kwambiri nyukiliya, amene asungidwa mu wosanjikiza mumlengalenga a dziko lapansi ndi kukhala kumeneko mpaka kalekale. Mu nkhani ya kukhudzana ndi nthaka kuti amalenga fireball woyaka fumbi wapangidwa particles la chiwonongeko. Poyamba amasonkhana lalikulu, ndiye mbandakucha, yomwe ikuchitika ndi mphepo kwa mazana makilomita. particles izi Tingaone ndi apoyera, monga fumbi ndi Tingaone mu chisanu. Ndi oopsa ngati munthu wina pafupi. The particles zing'onozing'ono akhoza kukhala kwambiri a zaka mu mlengalenga ndi "kuyenda" mobwerezabwereza kukuzungulira dziko lonse. mpweya wa poizoni chawo chimakhala chosalimba poti iwo adzagwa ngati mvula.

Mu chochitika cha nkhondo ya nyukiliya ntchito bomba wa hydrogen particles zakhudzana zidzayambitsa kuwononga moyo mu utali wozungulira wa mazana makilomita ku malo omwe. Ngati superbomb zidzagwiritsidwanso ntchito, ndiye m'dera bii wa makilomita masauzande ochepa, amene adzapanga dziko lake kwathunthu aziopa. Iwo likukhalira kuti munthu wamphamvu kwambiri bomba mu dziko likhoza kuwononga m'mayiko lonse.

Nyukiliya bomba "phala." chilengedwe

Bomba AN 602 mayina angapo - ". Phala" "Tsar bomba" ndipo Iwo anayamba kupanga mu Soviet Union mu 1954-1961, motero. Iwo anali amphamvu kwambiri chipangizo zachiwawa pa kuli anthu. Ntchito pa chilengedwe chake zinachitikadi kwa zaka zingapo Laboratories makamaka chinsinsi pansi udindo "Arzamas-16." Bomba wa hydrogen mphamvu 100 megatons kuposa nthawi 10 zikwi ndi mphamvu ya bomba Hiroshima.

kuphulika ake amatha mu nkhani masekondi kufufuta ku nkhope ya Moscow. City Centre kuti mosavuta asanduke nthunzi m'lingaliro loona mawu, ndi china chirichonse adzakhala makhalidwe zazing'ono. Bomba wamphamvu kwambiri mu dziko Afafanizidwe, ndipo New York ndi nyumba zosanja zitalizitali onse. Pambuyo anatsala ku dvadtsatikilometrovaya anasungunuka Chigwa yosalala. Ndi kuphulika analephera kuthawa, pansi mu yapansi panthaka. Dera lonse mkati mwa utali wozungulira 700 Km adzakhala ndi chiwonongeko analandira mbaphata particles nyukiliya.

Kuphulika kwa "Mfumu ya Mabomba" - kukhala kapena ayi kuti?

M'chaka cha 1961, asayansi anaganiza kuti ayese ndipo penyani kuphulika. Bomba wamphamvu kwambiri mu dziko kuti amaphulika pa malo, yomwe ili kumpoto kwa Russia. The yaikulu m'dera la polygon ndi akuchita chilumba chonse cha Novaya Zemlya. The lonse chiwonongeko anali kufika makilomita 1,000. Ndi kuphulika ukanakhalabe kachilombo malo mafakitale monga Vorkuta, Norilsk ndi Dudinka. Asayansi, popeza comprehended lonse la tsoka, anatenga mutu wake ndipo anazindikira kuti mayeso sinyamukanso.

Places kuyesa wotchuka komanso amazipanga wamphamvu bomba sanali kulikonse pa dziko, panali chabe Antarctica. Koma Africa achisanu analephera kuchita inaphulika, monga dera ankaona kuti mayiko ndi kupeza chilolezo kukayezetsa ngati ali chabe zosatheka. Kunali koyenera kuchepetsa kuyang'anira nthawi bomba 2. Bomba akadali chakumene October 30, 1961 mu malo omwewo - pachilumba cha Novaya Zemlya (pa kutalika pafupifupi 4 makilomita). Ndi kuphulika munali wokhala yaikulu bowa mtambo ananyamuka makilomita 67, ndi mafunde mantha mwazunguliza dziko katatu. Mwa njira, pa Museum "Arzamas 16", mu mzinda wa Sarov, sakhoza kuona pa ulendo newsreel kuphulika, koma amati si pamaso pa kukomoka mtima.