Bombay chodabwitsa - ndi chiyani ichi?

Thupi la munthu amadziwika wapadera ake. Chifukwa masinthidwe zosiyanasiyana, zimachitika tsiku mu matupi athu, timakhala munthu, monga zizindikiro zina kuti tikhale, zimasiyana a zinthu kunja ndi mkati mwa anthu ena. Pankhani gulu magazi.

Adafuna muchigawane mwa mitundu 4. Komabe, kawirikawiri, koma anapeza kuti munthu amene ali ndi kukhala mmodzi gulu la magazi (chifukwa makhalidwe majini a makolo), ali osiyana kwambiri, yeniyeni. Chotero chododometsa ndi akutchedwa "Bombay chodabwitsa".

Ndi chiyani icho?

Mawu amenewa kumvetsa kusintha kwa maselo. N'kovuta kwambiri - 1 mlandu pa anthu mamiliyoni khumi. Bombay chodabwitsa nalo dzina lake pa mzinda Indian wa Bombay.

Mu India, pali Pamudzi, anthu amene ali zachilendo, "chimeric" magazi gulu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mtima wa antigens maselo ofiira magazi ndi njira muyezo zotsatira mapulogalamu Mwachitsanzo, gulu lachiwiri, koma kwenikweni chifukwa masinthidwe munthu woyamba.

Ichi ndi chifukwa mapangidwe ndi awiriawiri anthu recessive jini N. zambiri, ngati munthu - heterozygous kwa mbewu izi, chizindikiro sizimawoneka, ndi allele recessive sangathe ntchito yake. Chifukwa osakaniza pachithunzichi DNA kholo anapanga awiri majini recessive, ndi Bombay chodabwitsa amapezeka.

Nanga ndi chitukuko?

History of chodabwitsa ndi

A chodabwitsa ofanana wakhala anafotokoza m'magazini ambiri mankhwala, koma pafupifupi pakati pa zaka za m'ma 20, palibe ankadziwa iliyonse chifukwa izi zikuchitika.

chododometsa uyu anatulukira ku India mu 1952. Dokotala amene anachita kafukufukuyu, ananena kuti makolo ena magazi (bambo wake anali woyamba, ndipo mayi ake - wachiwiri), ndipo anali ndi mwana wachitatu kubadwa.

Chidwi ndi zochitika zimenezi, dokotala anali kudziwa kuti thupi la bambo ake anatha mwanjira mutate, kupanga n'zotheka kuti iye anali pamaso pa gulu loyamba. kusinthidwa Nkosafuna chifukwa kupanda enzyme kuti lithe mapuloteni chidwi, womwe kudziwa ndi Antigen yoyenera. Komabe, nthawi sanali enzyme, ndiye gulu sakanakhoza bwino imawunikidwa.

The chodabwitsa cha anthu a mtundu wa European ali osowa ndithu. Nthawi zambiri A mowonjezera, mungapeze atolankhani "Bombay magazi" mu India.

Chiphunzitso cha magwero a magazi Bombay

Chimodzi mwa ziphunzitso zazikulu za kuonekera kwa gulu lapadera la magazi ndi chromosomal kusintha. Mwachitsanzo, munthu wachinayi magazi gulu zotheka recombination wa alleles pa DNA. Ndiko kuti, pamene mapangidwe gametes majini udindo cholowa cha magulu magazi, ikuyenda njira zotsatirazi: majini A ndi B adzakhala gamete ndi (wotsatira munthu akhoza kupeza gulu lililonse kupatula woyamba) ndipo gamete ena wosachita majini udindo gulu magazi . Zikatero n'zotheka cholowa gametes popanda antigens.

Vuto okha kufalitsa n'chakuti ambiri gametes awa adzafa popanda kuchita mu embryogenesis. Komabe, mwina apulumuke, ndipo kenako amalimbikitsa mapangidwe magazi Bombay.

N'zotheka kuphwanya jini ndi kugawa pa siteji ya zygote kapena Ndisanaumbidwe (chifukwa cha kuyan'anila za zakudya akuchikazi kapena ntchito kwambiri mowa).

Limagwirira chitukuko cha chikhalidwe ichi

Monga zanenedwa, izo zonse zimadalira chibadwa.

anthu genotype (chifukwa cha chibadwa zake zonse) mwachindunji amadalira makolo, kapena yeniyeni, mtundu wa zizindikiro Mwapambana ku makolo ndi ana.

Ngati inu kufufuzanso mu zikuchokera antigens, izo Tingaone kuti mtundu magazi kuchokera kwa makolo onse. Mwachitsanzo, ngati wina wa iwo choyamba, ndi zina - wachiwiri, mwanayo ali mmodzi yekha wa magulu awa. Ngati osauka Bombay chodabwitsa, chilichonse chimachitika pang'ono mosiyana:

• The chachiwiri magazi ankalamulira jini ndi udindo kaphatikizidwe wa Antigen yeniyeni - A. The woyamba, kapena ziro, palibe majini yeniyeni.
• Kaphatikizidwe Ndipo chifukwa zochita za Antigen H khromozomu dera udindo zosiyanasiyana lapansi.
• Ngati pali kulephereka dongosolo la dera DNA, antigens sangathe bwino kusiyanitsa, chifukwa cha mwanayo kuti akhale kholo Antigen A, ndipo chachiwiri kudziwa allele sadzatha kuti genotype awiri (conventionally amanenela nn). Zimenezi limaleka recessive nthunzi gawo A, umene ndi mwana ndi gulu loyamba.

Ngati zonse zambiri, likukhalira kuti ndondomeko waukulu kudziwa Bombay chodabwitsa - recessive epistasis.

sanali allelic mogwirizana

Monga tanenera, chifukwa cha chodabwitsa lili Bombay nonallelic ankachita jini - epistasis. Mtundu wa cholowa ali osiyana mu mbewu imodzi limaleka kanthu kwa wina, ngakhale allele lalikulu ndi lalikulu.

Maziko majini chakuti chodabwitsa ndi osauka Bombay - epistasis. The peculiarity a mtundu umenewu cholowa ndi recessive epistatic jini kuti ndi wamphamvu kuposa hypostatic, koma kudziŵa gulu magazi. Choncho woletsa jini imene ambabala yimitsira sangathe kupanga khalidwe lililonse. Chifukwa cha ichi, mwana wabadwa ndi "ayi" gulu magazi.

mogwirizana amenewa ndi chibadwa, n'zotheka kudziwa pamaso pa allele recessive kwa kholo limodzi. Bwanji kukula kwa kagulu magazi, koma makamaka sikutheka kuti musinthe. Choncho, anthu amene ali ndi Bombay chodabwitsa cha moyo watsiku ndi tsiku chiwembu kuzichita malamulo, poona kuti anthu amenewa amakhala moyo wabwino ndi Usaope umoyo wawo.

Makamaka miyoyo ya anthu ndi kusintha izi

Ambiri, anthu onyamula Bombay magazi palibe wosiyana alipidwa. Komabe, mavuto pamene chofunika kuika (ntchito katundu, ngozi kapena matenda a dongosolo magazi). Polingalira za yeniyeni antigenic zikuchokera anthu awa sangathe kutsanulira magazi wina kupatula Bombay. Nthawi zambiri zolakwika izi zimachitika pa umphawi wadzaoneni, pamene palibe nthawi bwinobwino kusanthula kusanthula maselo a magazi wodwalayo.

Mafunso amasonyeza Mwachitsanzo, gulu lina. Pamene magazi kwa wodwala mu gulu ili angathe intravascular hemolysis, chifukwa mu imfa. Ndi chifukwa zosagwirizana izi antigens zofuna mtima yekha Bombay magazi, nthawi zonse ndi anyani chomwecho chimene nazo.

anthu amenewa zaka 18 kusunga magazi awo, kuti ndiye anali kuti kutulukira mu nkhani ya kusowa. mbali zina za yemweyo mu thupi la anthu awa mulibe. Choncho, tingathe kunena kuti chodabwitsa Bombay - ndi "moyo" osati matenda. Kukakhala naye ngati n'kotheka, ayenera kukhala watcheru awo "wapadera".

Mavuto ndi utate

Bombay chodabwitsa - ndi "namondwe wa ukwati." The vuto lalikulu kwagona kuti mtima wa bambo, wopanda maphunziro apadera n'zosatheka kutsimikizira kuti kuli chodabwitsa lapansi.

Ngati mwadzidzidzi munthu wasankha kulongosolerana ubale, ndiye onetsetsani kuti anamuuza kuti kuli kotheka umenewu kusintha. Mayeso kwa machesi maselo a zikachitika ayenera zina anawonjezera, ndi kuphunzira zikuchokera antigenic magazi ndi maselo ofiira. Apo ayi, mayi a mwanayo akuthamanga kuti akhoza yekha popanda mwamuna.

zodabwitsazi musonyeze kudzera mwa mayesero majini ndi mtima wa gulu magazi mtundu cholowa. kuphunzira ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo sizinayende pa ntchito pano ambiri. Choncho pamene mwana wabadwa ndi magulu osiyanasiyana magazi ayenera amaganiziridwa Bombay chodabwitsa nthawi yomweyo. Zovuta, chifukwa iwo akudziwa za nkhaniyo Anthu ambiri.

Bombay magazi ndi zochitika zake panopa

Monga tanenera, anthu ndi Bombay magazi n'zochepa. Mu Caucasians, mtundu wa magazi pafupifupi zimachokeradi; Ahindu magazi awa ndi ambiri (pafupifupi azungu zochitika za magazi izi - chitsanzo chimodzi pa anthu 10 miliyoni). Pali maganizo amenewa zodabwitsazi akufotokozera mu mphamvu ya peculiarities dziko ndi chipembedzo cha a Hindu.

Aliyense akudziwa kuti mu India ng'ombe ndi nyama yopatulika ndi nyama yake sangadye. Mwina chifukwa chakuti ng'ombe lili antigens zina zimene zingachititse kusintha malamulo chibadwa, mwazi Bombay umatchulidwatchulidwa. Ambiri a ku Ulaya kudya ng'ombe, umene uli mupeze zikamera ndi chiphunzitso cha yimitsira wa Antigen recessive epistatic mbewu.

Mwina kufooketsedwa ndi nyengo Koma chiphunzitso chimenechi, omwenso anaphunzira, choncho umboni kulungamitsidwa lake.

Tanthauzo la magazi Bombay

Mwatsoka, za Bombay magazi tsopano amva ochepa. chodabwitsa amadziwika hematologists yekha ndi asayansi ntchito m'munda wa kukonza majini. iwo okha kudziwa za Bombay chodabwitsa kuti, momwe izo kumaonekera ndi ayenera kumwedwa pamene akudzizindikiritsa. Komabe, mpaka si chimene chimayambitsa yeniyeni zodabwitsazi.

Ngati kuonera kaonedwe ka chiphunzitso chimenechi, magazi Bombay ndi akumane china. anthu ambiri kuti apulumuke zina amafuna magazi kapena kusinthanitsa. Mu kukhalapo kwa Bombay movutikira magazi lagona pa kulephera ake m'malo mtundu wa magazi. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, nthawi zambiri kukhala zakambidwa amapha mwa anthu amenewa.

Ngati inu mukuyang'ana pa mbali ina ya vuto, n'zotheka kuti magazi Bombay ndi oyengeka kwambiri kuposa magazi a muyezo Antigen zikuchokera. katundu wake asanamvetsetse, choncho sitinganene kuti zimene chodabwitsa Bombay - temberero kapena mphatso.