Bungwe zachuma "Customs Union" ndi maziko malamulo luso

Dzina lokha, "miyambo ogwirizana" chimatitsimikizira kuti ngati pangano pakati angapo limati. M'mayiko yekha miyambo ndi ufulu kulowa mapangano iliyonse.

Zikamera zilumikizano za miyambo

Kale pa chiyambi cha m'ma XIX, mu 1815, izo anasaina pangano loyamba zachuma n'kulitcha Zollverein, malamulo luso yomwe kukhazikitsidwa kwa ufulu wochita malonda ndi Prussia. Ubwino danga wamba zachuma taonera kale ngakhale ndiye. Komabe, wamkulu kucheza akuganiza Southern African Union Customs. malamulo luso ali anayamba kwa nthawi yaitali. Inakhalapo mu 1889, ndipo pangano loyamba yosainidwa yekha mu 1910. M'kupita kwa nthawi, ena limati padziko lonse anapangana ndi mzake maphunziro mabanja otere ofotokoza zimene zili protectionism, kapena kuteteza msika popangidwa ndi maiko lachitatu.

chakudya zofunika amenewa anayamba, zizindikiro lonse ndi malamulo luso Soviet Customs. Mogwirizana ndi zimene zinachitikira zaka ziwiri zizindikiro zonse izi panopa nthawi zonse kulenga mgwirizano apilo chinawonjezeka chiwerengero cha osaphatikizidwamo kwa nkhani.

Ubwino wa mapangano amenewa

Kuchotsa malire, kukhazikitsidwa umodzi msika mkati, chiyembekezo chakuti za malipiro ndi ndalama miyambo chilolezo - zonse izi zimakhudza mtengo wa katundu kusamutsidwa.

Dzina la mgwirizano uwu pamaso pa anthu ambiri zimene sakunena. Izo sizinali mpaka 2006, pamene woyamba anayamba kulankhula za chilengedwe cha Soviet Customs pakati Belarus, Kazakhstan ndi Russia, umene ukuyenera kutsitsimutsa pa maziko a EurAsEC - Eurasian Union Economic (a chidule amayimira izi). Pa nthawi yomweyo anavomereza limodzi miyambo malamulo ndi tariff umodzi katundu onse kusamutsidwa. Mu ubale ndi otsutsa ambiri ndi anthu otsutsa. Koma inu simungakhoze kuzikana chakuti mu 2012 chuma cha Kazakhstan kawiri.

Malinga ndi Mawu SERGEY Glazyev, ndiye malo a galimoto udindo Mlembi wa Commission (zolimbana ndi okhazikika thupi), chifukwa zoyambirira za kukhalapo kwa mitu Economic Community wa mayiko m'gulu izo chawonjezeka ndi wachitatu, ndi malonda a m'madera malire - 40%. Ubwino pa Mwachidule.

Cholinga cha malangizo luso

Kwa chilengedwe cha bungwe limeneli anali ndi mavuto ambirimbiri, umboni ndi nthawi yadutsa kuyambira chigamulo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mgwirizano mu 2006 zisanafike anaonekera mu 2010, Union miyambo. malamulo luso mosamala kwambiri lakonzedwa pofuna kupewa ndondomeko zilizonse kusalana ndi aliyense wa maiko nawo. Poyamba, Union ndipo anavomereza 27 malangizo luso, motere umwana: Mu 2012 - 8, 2013 - 12, 2014 - 5, 2015 - ngakhale 2. Monga lero, chiwerengero chawonjezeka ndi wofanana 31. ambiri mu chitukuko. Payokha ananena kuti mabizinesi kuti walemba kale zina zosiyanasiyana kutsirizitsa, m'mikhalidwe akuchipatala mpaka nthawi imene yapita pangano asiye kugwira ntchito. Wosalira ndi lamulo luso (pansi chimango malamulo) pa dera la Union, anayambitsa mndandanda limodzi la mankhwala. Pamene adalowa mphamvu ya lamulo lililonse la Soviet Miyambo chimagwira kale opaleshoni boma kuyang'aniridwa dziko.

Zolinga ndi zolinga wa bungwe la Miyambo

Bungwe la Interstate, womwenso atsogoleri ndi nduna zazikulu la maiko atatuwa, ndi wapamwamba bungwe lolamulira la gulu lonse.

Customs Union malamulo luso monga mwamtheradi onse a chimango malamulo ndi miyambo code, linalengedwa pofuna kukula kwa GDP (aakulu m'banja mankhwala) mwa mayiko nawo. Ndipo kukula zikuchitikadi, umboni ndi chiwerengero cha mayiko akalola kuti agwirizane mgwirizano. Armenia ichi, Tajikistan ndi Moldova. Zokambirana ndi yofuna ndi New Zealand, Israel, Syria, Vietnam ndi India. Iwo anachita ndi Iceland, Luxembourg ndi Switzerland - mitundu ogwirizana bungwe lotchedwa EFTA. The Union Customs ali ndi malonda ŵakwenera dera m'mayiko ambiri padziko lonse.

Pamene Union Customs, pali matupi udindo wa zipani. Nchito zawo zikuphatikiza chitukuko cha malamulo luso, komanso kuyang'aniridwa ndi kugwilizana ndi zofunikira za malamulo amenewa, kulamulira pa kuphedwa kwa ntchito zomwe munakonza kuti kukhazikitsa ntchito.