Care mapeyala masika, tizilombo

Mapeyala amasiyana fruiting zambiri. Mu chilimwe kapena yophukira oyambirira iwo ataphimbidwa ndi nambala yaikulu zipatso yosiyanasiyana yowala kwambiri. Koma chifukwa zimatheka ndi bwino ndi korona wokongola. chisamaliro woyenera kwa peyala m'chaka adzakhala ndi mpata kudya onunkhira ake zokoma zipatso.

nthaka

Peyala limakula bwino mu lotayirira, loamy nthaka. Iye amakonda wakuda nthaka, imvi nkhalango dziko.

Osauka kukula pa mchenga kapena katundu dothi dongo. Recent zimathandiza kuti stagnation wa madzi pafupi mizu.

ankafika

Anabzala peyala bwino mu kugwa. Koma inu mukhoza kuchita izo m'chaka, pamaso Mphukira mkangano. Dzenje ndi bwino kuphika mu kugwa. Posankha zomera kubzala ayenera kuganizira kuti mapeyala m'munda ayenera kukhala osachepera awiri. Izi kusintha kubereketsa zomera za mitengo.

Childs, peyala - mtengo si mkulu. inayambira sindimakonda nyengo yozizira, ndi korona amafuna kuyatsa wabwino. Choncho, ndi bwino kuika mu dera la kumadzulo kapena kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa munda. Yesetsani kuloledwa kukula pafupi ndi phulusa phiri. Ndipotu, iwo ndi adani chomwecho ndi peyala. Izo sizigwira kubala zipatso peyala pafupi ndi mpanda wa nyumba.

Peyala mwachibadwa amakonda kukula malo otsetsereka kapena zitunda. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mbali iyi kulima ake.

Kukumba dzenje mu mawonekedwe a kyubu ndi mbali ya 1 mita chinasakanizidwa asankhidwa m'dziko m'ma manyowa, zimene kompositi, kilogalamu superphosphate, mankhwala enaake potaziyamu (100 g). zabwino kwambiri liming, kuwonjezera mu dzenje ndi kilogalamu theka la thunthu.

Dzenje wodzazidwa kwathunthu. Kuthirira mtengo, muvale kuti thandizo. Mukhoza kusiya recess ulimi wothirira, limene kuphimbira ndi nkhungu wosanjikiza la udzu, udzu kapena utuchi.

Pambuyo ankafika peyala ake muzu kolala akhale pamwamba pa mlingo pansi ndi kutalika kwa 3 cm.

mitengo Young peyala sindimakonda mwachindunji dzuwa. Kwa anthu masamba Lettered bakha. Pankhaniyi, muyenera mtengo pritenit. Ndipo pamene akukula, dzuwa adzakhala othandiza kwambiri kwa iye.

kuthirira

Peyala, komanso mtengo uliwonse kuti sangathe kukhazikitsa pansi popanda madzi okwanira. Kuthirira akhoza kukonkha. Mwina - zabwino mapeyala, koma osati nthawi zonse Kufikika kwa mwini wake.

Zikatero n'zotheka kukumba poyambira akuya pafupifupi 15 masentimita kuzungulira mtengo ndi madzi kutsanulira. Chiwerengero cha kuthirira zinthu anatsimikiza nyengo. Mutabzala, madzi kufunika mu tsiku nyengo yozizira - masiku atatu kwa miyezi iwiri.

The thicker wosanjikiza kuphimbira, chindichepere akhoza kuthiriridwa mitengo peyala. Ngati chinyezi owonjezera akhoza mizu kuvunda.

Kusamalira peyala mbande masika kumaphatikizapo kuthirira. Ngati chinyezi pansi pang'ono, peyala madzi asanafike limamasula. Young mitengo kuti udzakhala wokwanira kuti zidebe 5-6 ndi mapeyala akulu n'kuwaza pa mlingo wa ndowa zitatu pa mita dera lalikulu wotanganidwa ndi dongosolo mizu. Pambuyo ulimi wothirira anawonjezera, ngati n'koyenera, wosanjikiza kuphimbira unsheeted kapena anamasuka nthaka.

Ngati dothi lonyowa, chisamaliro cha mapeyala m'chaka sasamalira ulimi wothirira. muzu wake likulowerera mu kuya kumene kuchuluka kwa madzi okwanira chitukuko yachibadwa.

Kusamalira peyala mu kasupe oyambirira

Zikuyamba ndi kudula nthambi ndi korona mapangidwe. Iwo wochititsidwa pambuyo nkhonya kuopseza frosts oyambirira ndi mapeto kuphuka. Ndipotu, peyala kuti nthawi imeneyi muyenera mabala kuti sanali m'gulu m'chaka wofooka.

Yokonza zikhoza mapangidwe korona kapena uphungu. Pezani kukolola yachibadwa zimatheka ndi mtengo wokongola.

peyala amatupitsa ndi:

• Palmette.
• Kulibe-gawo.

Palmetta amafuna alowererepo kochepa mu mawonekedwe a korona. Kondakitala chapakati amakhalabe ndi akukula. Ngakhale ndi kufupikitsa, koma mphete si kudula.

Pamene kulibe-tiered korona mawonekedwe nthambi kukula mu tiers, omwe ndi ochepa chigoba.

Kusamalira peyala masika pambuyo kutsegula kwa masamba

mmera pachaka kudula 90 masentimita. Mu mapangidwe nthambi yamphongo ya ukuyanga a impso ayenera anatumiza kwa gorizontalnon malo. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, pa mphukira neodrevesnevshie gwiritsitsani zovala wamba. mbali yaitali amatumiza kuthawa m'njira yoyenera. Ngati mu May kapena June, analibe nthawi kuchita njirayi mu July ndi August, kuwatsogolera kudzera twayini lapansi.

Anafika zaka ziwiri mmera mu nthaka, n'kumusiya 3-4 nthambi chigoba, ndi kufupikitsa iwo kotala ya kutalika. mdulidwe wamfupi akutitsogolera kuti fruiting mochedwa. Kuwonjezera odulidwa kotero nthambi kuyamba kukula amphamvu achinyamata mphukira umodzi, amene adakali ziyenera kuchotsedwa. kondakitala The Kadulidwa kupitirira nthambi 20 cm.

A nambala yaikulu ya nthambi chigoba (Choyamba) mu mmunsi mwa korona ndipo alibe zimamuchulukira imapititsa mapangidwe korona wokongola.

Mu nthambi wamkulu mtengo anasamutsidwa ndi malangizo yopingasa, zingwe ndi chingwe ndi kukutetezani ndi msomali anathamangitsidwa mu thunthu. Mu mapeyala n'kosavuta kuchita kuposa apulo. nthambi zake nthawi zambiri kusintha. Pamene ena a chithandizo cha apulo ndi peyala mitengo ya masika mu njira zambiri zofanana.

Kudulira mitengo okhwima

Ngati simungathe kumasulira ena nthambi mu malo yopingasa, ndi bwino kuchotsa, kudula kwa mphete.

Nthambi zimene zatsala kukula vertically, kenako mu kubala. Ngati korona afafanizidwa osati kuchita mapangidwe ake, ndiye mbewu mtengo adzakhala kochepa.

Korona ikaponda kutengerapo chigoba nthambi kunja kwa dongosolo chachiwiri. Pakuti ulusi izi Kadulidwa kuti impso, ili pambuyo kagawo imene inali mu gawo lakunja.

The gawo lachiwiri aumbike pa m'chaka chachinayi cha mapeyala moyo. kondakitala The Kadulidwa, kusiya 7 impso. nthambi zonse zimene zinali pakati pa tiers, adzafupikitsidwa kuti kubala.

Pa zaka wachisanu ndi wotsatira akutsatiridwa mphenzi korona Kadulidwa pa mphete mphukira zonse kukula vertically, kapena ngati n'koyenera, kumasulira iwo impso lakunja.

M'tsogolo, odulidwa, wouma matenda, nthambi wosweka. Musalole akuwoloka ndi akusisita nthambi pamodzi.

Ngati akupeza mapeyala ndi kuvala zonse utachepa cm 20, ungasunge kuwala kukonzedwanso kudulira. nthambi ofooka tadulidwa, ena adzafupikitsidwa posamutsa iwo pambali. Izi ndi mpata kupeza mkulu zokolola kwa zaka zingapo.

Kusamalira achinyamata peyala masika akupitiriza kukonza malo ogona, zimene kuteteza mizu yozizira ndi zomera bole kwa chisanu ndi makoswe. Chongani mthupi mwawo. Zilonda anatsala makoswe ankachitira ndi vitriol ndi samveka munda phula. Care mapeyala masika limapangidwa kuchitira matope mbiya. Zimenezi zimateteza izo kuchokera n'komwe isanafike kutsegula masamba ndi kuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ena.

Nthaka padziko mtengo anakumba kuti akuya masentimita 8-15. Zimenezi kumawonjezera aeration ndi chinyezi chaululidwa ndi kuwonongedwa, ndipo kumeneko nyengo yachisanu tizirombo. Ndiye kuphimbira mtengo makungwa.

pamwamba kuvala

Kusamalira mapeyala amachichita zimatanthauza kudyetsa. Peyala mu njira yachibadwa ya chaka amapereka kuchuluka kwa masentimita 40. Ngati n'chochepa kwambiri, pakufunika kudyetsa mtengo. Choncho m'pofunika kuganizira zaka mtengo. Ngati iye anali 15, mavalidwe yokha si kuthandiza, muyenera kucheza ndi mdulidwe rejuvenating.

Manyowa peyala mu chaka choyamba mutabzala, si koyenera. Ndithudi, m'dzenje munaika zinthu zonse zofunikira kwa izo. Ndipo kwa chaka chachiwiri kale, mukhoza kuyamba kupanga organics zaka zitatu zilizonse, feteleza mchere - chaka chilichonse, mofanana kubzala, kusakaniza ndi dothi. Organic fetereza anawonjezera pambuyo mchere ndi.

Zothandiza peyala foliar ntchito. Pamaso maluwa ndi sprayed ndi atatu peresenti njira ya superphosphate. Kuthana peresenti awiri yankho la urea kumalimbitsa nkhuni ndi kuonjezera zokolola zake. Izi si kuvomerezedwa, koma zothandiza kwambiri ndondomeko, womwenso chisamaliro peyala masika.

Tizilombo ndi matenda

Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti maluwa masika peyala monga kuwatsuka m'chilimwe yokutidwa ndi zipatso, ndi kugwa, ndipo palibe kuyeretsa. Choncho, kusamalira mapeyala masika zikuphatikizapo polimbana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.

Matenda, nthawi zambiri kuonongeka mapeyala:

• nkhanambo;
• dzimbiri;
• moniliosis;
• bakiteriya kudzakuwumitsani;
• tsitosporoz;
• zipatso zowola.

Iwo amabweretsa kwambiri zoipa:

• apulo mtengo duwa weevil;
• gallic mite;
• njenjete;
• peyala sucker;
• nsabwe;
• gnaws muzu wa May kachilomboka mphutsi.

polimbana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga angathe kuchitidwa ndi thandizo la mankhwala ovuta.

Matenda amathandiza Bordeaux osakaniza, "Pennkotseb", "Azofos", "Kolasi".

Koma kutsitsi wina ndi zokwanira. Ngati mukufuna kukolola, kukonzekera kupereka izi zimene zimafuna kusamalidwa peyala. M'chaka cha tizirombo amathandiza kuthetsa kupopera "Aktar", "B-58", "karate", "Decis".

Izo zizichitidwa kangapo:

• pamaso Mphukira;
• pamaso maluwa;
• pambuyo mapangidwe zipatso;
• pambuyo zokolola.

Mu May, sitimadzipereka mu chidebe cha phukusi madzi "Aktar" ndi kuthirira mitengo achinyamata kuteteza mizu kuwonongedwa kwa mphutsi wa May kachilomboka.

Kusamalira mapeyala pa rootstocks clonal

Kodi ubwino wa rootstocks clonal kwa mapeyala zimene:

• iwo kuchepetsa kutalika kwa peyala ya;
• mitengo chidzafika kukubereka;
• zokolola zawo ndi apamwamba kuposa masiku.

Posankha chitsa clonal kwa peyala kukumbukira kuti ali osayenerana ndi ena mitundu.