Caucasus nkhalango mphaka: mwachidule

Mu dziko alipobe pang'ono kuphunzira nyama, ankawachitira ndi Caucasus mphaka nkhalango. Ngakhale kuti iwo ali ofala mayiko kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo kwa Ulaya, Central Asia amadziwika zambiri osati mochuluka monga zinyama zina. Iwo ali zifukwa zake: njira mobisa moyo, malo ovuta ndi ochepa anthu.

mafotokozedwe

Caucasus mphaka zakutchire ndi kutchulidwa Red Book of Russia. Kodi mitundu yosowa ndi nambala yachitatu. Otetezedwa ku Caucasus, Teberdinsky ndi nkhokwe zina. Kutetezela miyeso iliyonse yapadera ya nyama osati zotere. Izi subspecies wa mphaka zakutchire yemwe amakhala Caucasus ndi Turkey.

Large, ochiritsira "pabwalo" mtundu - zikuwoneka ngati izi mphaka Caucasus nkhalango. Kufotokozera izo zikufotokozedwa ina.

• Kulemera kwake: amuna - makilogalamu 3,1-6,08, akazi - 3.0-6.0 makilogalamu.
• akulu kutalika kwa thupi: amuna - 50,1-67 cm, akazi - 52,3-61 cm.
• Mchira kutalika ngati kuchuluka kutalika thupi: amuna - 60% akazi - mpaka 56%.
• Chiombankhanga - lalikulu, lakuthwa.
• Mutu - yotakata anamaliza.
• Makutu - anagwidwa ndi masentimita 7.
• Ndevu zapamlomo wapamwamba - yaitali.
• Maso - lalikulu, palibe nsidze.
• Chovala - yozizira wandiweyani, zobiriwira.

Wildlife adasiya chizindikiro pa chovala nyama mtundu:

• akukhudzidwira mtundu - imvi ndi ryzhinkoy, lokwera umalandira wakuda lamizeremizere, mikwingwirima mdima mbali ndi kumeneko;
• Mtundu pa mphumi kumbuyo kwa mipiringidzo wakuda kuoneka bwino bwino;
• pansi pa pakhosi, m'mimba, groin m'dera - kuwala, zimakhala zoyera, ndi zowawa za ocher, makamaka noticeable pa undertail ya;
• mimba akhoza bwino zafotokozedwa mawanga mdima;
• mchira "chokongoletsedwa" mdima mphete, kuchuluka - 3 mpaka 8.

chitsanzo Zimenezi zimathandiza nyama kuti masked kwa kusaka abisalire. M'chilimwe ndi owala, mdima yozizira. Cat wakonda kusaka usiku.

Gon mu amphaka kumayambira February ndi March. Mimba kumatenga masiku 68-70. Zinyalala zambiri 3-5 amphaka. Iwo akuyamwitsa mayi miyezi 4. Ndi miyezi iwiri mayi amawaphunzitsa chakudya chawo. Patapita miyezi isanu, amuna kusiya mayi, mtsikana kukhala ndi icho yaitali. Msinkhu kumachitika kwa chaka chimodzi zakubadwa. Ana oyamba nyama Zikuoneka kuti zaka zitatu.

chakudya

Caucasus nkhalango mphaka - chilombo. Iye momasuka akukwera mitengo, koma kusaka pa dziko wakonda. Mu zakudya ake - mitundu yonse ya makoswe, abuluzi, nsomba, mbalame yaing'ono, mazira ndi anapiye. Pa kusakasaka ndi nyama akhoza kudya kwa mbewa 20. Kusaka malo pa munthu mpaka 3 Km ^2. Mu zinyama nawonso mpikisano raccoon galu, akatumbu, raccoon, marten, nkhandwe.

Kupanda waukulu chinthu kusaka angaumirize amphaka kusaka ndi masewera lalikulu. The zakudya zikuphatikizapo nkhukutembo, muskrat, nutria, akalulu ndi ungulates wamng'ono. Ngati nkotheka, kukoka nkhuku. Komanso, kudya wochepa mbewu zobiriwira, zipatso, tizilombo ndi zovunda atsopano. Chipale chofewa zimapangitsa amphaka ku ulendo wawo, izo kumathandiza kuyenda mofulumira ndi, chotero, ulimi wa chakudya.

Halo malo

Nyama amakonda pihtarnikovye beech- nkhalango broadleaf ndi elfin. Ankasonkhana Europe ndi Asia. Mu Russia, ambiri Chechnya, kum'mwera Dagestan, dera Kabardino-Balkaria, Adygea, North Ossetia, Krasnodar ndi Stavropol zigawo. Pali anthu ku Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia.

Amphaka mumakonda osamva m'madera nkhalango, kusankha maenje a miyala, ndi kamakumba una wakale wa nyama zina ngakhalenso dzenje. Iwo amakhala pafupi ndi mitsinje tchire wandiweyani mabango. Animal zindikirani za zomangamanga anthu, akamgwire zapamwamba pa nyumba anasiya.

Ngakhale mfundo zochepa za nyama, pali mfundo zingapo za mmene moyo Caucasus nkhalango mphaka. Zosangalatsa za iwo angapezeke mu mndandanda pansipa:

• mu malo okhala alibe ogwirira achilengedwe
• mu North Caucasus iwo pachiopsezo chifukwa cha alibe cha mating ndi amphaka m'banja, mavuto a moyo musalole hybrids kupulumuka;
• moyo pamalo okwera mamita 2500-3000 pamwamba pa nyanja;
• Iwo amakonda kuti awalande, kawirikawiri titsatire kuthawa nyama, koma mosavuta anagwira kalulu.

mphamvu

zochita za anthu - chinthu chachikulu kutha kwa mitundu ya nyama Earth. Poyamba, kulembetsa wachibale wa nyama kukolola ndi chiwerengero cha apeze zikopa. Anthu osachepera nyama 1800, pazipita - 3500.

Caucasus nkhalango mphaka amakhala ku Caucasus State Nature Biosphere Reserve, pali pafupifupi 120 anthu a amuna ndi akazi. Anthu ndi kokhazikika ndipo chabe chiwerengero pa yozizira kwambiri.

Zimayambitsa chachikulu cha kuchepa ndi:

• kuchepetsa m'dera chifukwa chodula mitengo wachisokonezo;
• oletsedwa kusaka;
• sinali bwino zachilengedwe (makamaka yozizira).

Okonda akuyesera kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa ziweto monga Caucasus mphaka nkhalango. Red buku kumathandiza kupulumutsa nyama mwachinsinsi. Kuteteza yotakata-Ndalankhula nkhalango wapadera mu North Caucasus amatitsimikizira ogwirira moyo nkhalango.