Cerambyx - tizilombo, kutchulidwa Red Book

Large thundu barbel - ndi Coleoptera tizilombo amene ali m'banja la kafadala longhorn. mtundu ali ndi chiyambi Mediterranean. Umapezeka madera kum'mwera ndi chapakati ku Ulaya, kumpoto kwa Africa ndi Asia Minor. Pa madera a ufumu wakale kachilomboka Soviet Union m'mayiko monga Ukraine ndi Belarus. Nthawi zambiri angapezeke mu Caucasus. Chikumbu thundu longhorn kachilomboka zimapezeka makamaka m'nkhalango wosanganiza ndi m'mapaki, ndi nkhalango pa zaka thundu. Nthawi zambiri, tizilombo kukhazikika pa mitengo kopanda ubwenzi.

Izo zikuwoneka ngati kachilomboka ndi?

Mulinso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kachilomboka longhorn imatengedwa lalikulu thundu barbel. Malongosoledwe a tizilombo yosanthula mwatsatanetsatane:

• Barbel ali kutalika mamilimita 23 ndi 65. thupi mtundu wakuda-bulauni mthunzi.
• Nsonga ya elytra pabuka-bulauni mtundu.
• Large makwinya chishango chivundikiro nthiti, lomwe mbali imakonzedwa pa spikes.
• Cerambyx ali ndevu yaitali kwambiri. Kwa akazi kukula limafanana ndi kutalika kwa thupi, koma mwamuna ndiye nthawi 1.5 kwambiri. Pa zowawa ndevu ndi pamimba chionetsero tizilombo dongosolo silky.

Akatswiri amene amaphunzira tizilombo ntchito deta pamwamba zizindikiro za tabulations wapadera.

Kufotokozera za tizilombo mu gawo larval

Chikumbu mphutsi ndi kukula m'malo lalikulu: kutalika - 90 mm, ndi makulidwe - kuchokera mamilimita 17 mpaka 22. thupi utoto wachikasu-loyera kapena kirimu mtundu. Mutu wooneka wofiira kulocha kuti iwo ali maso atatu. The larva ali ndi mphamvu za nsagwada kwambiri, iwo utoto wakuda. Thoracic gawo amakhudza kwambiri, ndipo ena ali ndi chitin. Zophuka ili pa nsana ndi pamimba, kuthandiza gulu la mphutsi a sitiroko ndi dzenje anapanga mtengo.

adani tizilombo

Mu chikhalidwe cerambyx ali ndi adani ambiri. Makamaka oopsa ndi woodpecker, amene regales kachilomboka mphutsi tikukhala mu mtengo. Ena tizilombo a dongosolo Hymenoptera (mwachitsanzo, Encyrtidae) Kodi parasitize mazira a kachilomboka ndi. Mphutsi barbel kusakasaka mitundu ina ya zikumbu zolusa:

• kafadala;
• Chuck ,;
• zygaenidae.

Image moyo tizilombo

Kukakomana ndi tizilombo wamkulu akhoza kukhala kuchokera May kuti September. Makamaka yogwira cerambyx mu nyengo ya chilimwe. Advantageously, izo ntchentche masana, koma ndi isanayambike yotentha, inu mukhoza kuwona cholakwika mu nthawi ya madzulo. Nthawi zambiri, tizilombo moyo pa mitengo yotulutsa madzi wapadera - chingamu. Chimakopa kafadala, amene amapita chomera kudya. Cerambyx anakakhala mtengo, gnaws m'ngalande lonse mu thunthu lake, chifukwa cha zimene mmera "kulira" (exudes madzi).

Ngakhale kuti kachilomboka mkazi amakhala miyezi 3 yekha, nthawi imeneyi ndi wokhoza mwayi kwa mazira 100. Ikani zomangamanga - ming'alu makungwa. Oyenera mbewu kachilomboka zikuwoneka mothandizidwa ndi masharubu nthawi yaitali.

Patapita masabata 2, mphutsi kutuluka mazira. Iwo kudutsa mu makungwa a mtengo ndi moyo pano mu nthawi ya chirimwe.

Malo abwino kwambiri chifukwa kachilomboka ankaona mitengo:

• akale thundu;
• Elm;
• hornbeam;
• mumamera.

kachilomboka mphutsi kukhala pang'onopang'ono. M'chaka chachiwiri cha moyo, kutalika 50 60 mm, ndipo yachitatu 100 mm. Pamaso pupate, larva kukumba una wa mu nkhuni. Kutalika angafikire ndime 50, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale 100 cm. Pa mapeto a nthawi yotulukira barbel Doubovik yamanga Mthandizi lullaby chowulungika. kukula kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 10 ndi 3 cm. Lullaby larva zimapangitsa otsegula kudzera umene kenako wamkulu munthu kachilomboka. Popeza linanena bungwe wasindikizidwa ntchito nkhuni CHIKWANGWANI ndi khungwa.

Chopunthira larva akulowa siteji pupal. M'chaka chomwecho, anachokera wamkulu. Mu chikuku chamwana kachilomboka wake amathera onse yozizira, ndi kasupe amasankhidwa obisalamo wake pa ngalande mwapadera anakonza.

The lonse chitukuko adzizungulira, kwa dzira atagona mapangidwe wamkulu zimatenga zaka 3-4, malingana ndi nyengo ndi chikhalidwe cha mtengo, kumene miyoyo tizilombo.

Chikumbu, zomwe zili m'gulu la Red Book

Posachedwapa, pamene Europe anali ambiri minda thundu, mtundu wa kachilomboka ndi pakati pa zilonda ambiri tizirombo nkhalango. Mu mtengo umodzi akhamukira madera ambiri tizilombo, zimene zinachititsa kuti imfa ya mbewu. Kafadala anali kuchita zambiri chimachititsanso matabwa, potero kusokoneza dongosolo lake. Chomera limayamba kuti ziume kuchokera pamwamba pa korona, ndipo pambuyo linasiiratu. Kudziwa odwala anachita mitengo yawo kudula ndi stumps ndi anajambula wosanjikiza kutumphuka.

Kutha kwa nkhalango thundu kwachititsa kuchepetsa kwambiri anthu a kafadala longhorn. Mu 1980 anatengedwera ku tizilombo kuteteza mitundu.

Cerambyx kutetezedwa ndi lamulo m'mayiko monga:

• Germany.
• Czech Republic.
• Poland.
• Slovakia.
• Ukraine.
• Lithuania.
• Belarus.

Mu Armenia mtundu uwu wa kafadala kuleza nyanga m'gulu mndandanda wa tizilombo kutetezedwa.

alowererepo Human zambiri chifukwa cha imfa ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyama. Ambiri a iwo zathaŵa lathuli. Anthu ayenera kuganizira zimene mpaka kalekale kuwononga iwo amayambitsa chilengedwe, ndi kukhwimitsa mwamsanga.