Bitniki ali ... Maonekedwe, chikhalidwe ndi mabuku a omenyedwa

Nthawi zina mukakambirana pakati pa anthu mumamva mawu ngati "beatnik". Mwina wina sangamvetse tanthauzo lake. Ndipotu, beatniks ndilo mawu omwe anagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza oimira chikhalidwe china. Mawu awa amachokera ku dzina la kam'badwo kakang'ono, kamene kanatchulidwa m'ma 1940. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, mawuwa adakonzedweratu mu 1958, adatanthawuza chikhalidwe china cha achinyamata a zaka za m'ma 2000, chomwe chinali ndi khalidwe losagwirizana ndi anthu komanso kukana miyambo ya chikhalidwe cha anthu.

Momwe mawu awa adawonekera

Sizinsinsi kuti mbadwo womenyera (Chingerezi chaka) umasuliridwa ngati "mbadwo wosweka". Kwa nthawi yoyamba tanthauzo limeneli linatchulidwa ndi Jack Kerouac. Iye amalingaliridwa kuti ndi mmodzi mwa anthu ofunika kwambiri mmbali iyi. Malingana ndi lingaliro lake, mbadwo uwu wa anthu unabwera kuti utengenso gawo lapitalo, limene iye anawatcha kuti "atayika". Mungaganize kuti mawu oti "beatnik" adalumikizidwa ndi Kerouac, koma izi siziri zoona. Mawu awa anawonekera kanthawi pang'ono, mu 1958. Ndizosangalatsa kuti pakupanga mawu awa kuchokera ku Chirasha chilankhulo "-nik" chinakongoletsedwa. Mbali yoyamba ya mawu, yomwe imamenyedwa, mu slang ya oimba a jazz a nthawi imeneyo, "umphawi" ndi "kusimidwa" zikufunika kwambiri. Komabe, Jack Kerouac mwiniwake sanazindikirepo mawu awa ndikuwona kuti si abwino.

Tanthauzo la mawu akuti "beatnik"

Ngati mumatsata ndondomeko yoyamba ya mawu, beatniks ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi ndevu, kuvala nsapato, nthawi zambiri amawoneka akuzungulira kuzungulira mzinda, atakhala m'masitolo a khofi. Kwenikweni, iwo ankadziwika kuti ndi majeremusi ndi mafilimu a nyimbo za jazz. Mawu amenewa nthawi zambiri anali ndi maonekedwe oipa, anali ndi phindu lokhumudwitsa pang'ono ndipo amalingaliridwa mochititsa manyazi. Choncho, tinganene kuti beatniki ndi chikhalidwe chomwe chinaonekera pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900 ndipo chakhala chikufala.

Malingaliro ena, mawuwo analibe tanthawuzo lenileni ndipo poyamba adatumizira ku anthu ambiri omwe mwanjira inayake ankagwirizanitsidwa ndi malo ojambula a New York. Patapita kanthawi, kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1950, mawuwa adagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthawuza achinyamata omwe sankafuna chidwi kwambiri ndi maloto a America - ndiko ntchito yabwino, nyumba, galimoto ndi zina.

Maonekedwe osiyana a beatnik

Monga tatchulidwa pamwambapa, beatniks ndi njira ya moyo, osati ngakhale kalembedwe. Njira iyi ya moyo imatanthauza zovala. A Beatnikov ambiri anavala modabwitsa kwambiri, ndipo nthawi yomweyo anawoneka ndi anthu ambirimbiri. Kawirikawiri, maonekedwe a oimira njirayi adasokonezeka ndi ophunzira a masukulu a zamasewero amenenso anali ojambula nyimbo za jazz.

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri chovala chovala chapamwamba chinali thunzi lakuda ndi khosi lalitali kapena ndodo yakuda. Mphepetezo zinalinso zotchuka, nthawizina ogwilitsika amavala zovala zoyera, nthawizonse popanda zithunzi ndi zolembedwa. Kawirikawiri nthumwi za malangizowa zinkanyamula ndi 2 ngoma (bongos). Mawotchi a dzuwa ndi chizindikiritso china cha malangizo ochepa, iwo sakanakhoza kuzimitsa. Panalibe tsitsi lapadera, makamaka iwo ankavala tsitsi lalitali kumapewa, nthawi zambiri molunjika. Nsapato zotchuka kwambiri pakati pa omenyedwa ndi zibokosi zakuda zofiira zosiyanasiyana.

Ngati tikulankhula za zovala za amayi, atsikanawo amapita kumatope akuda, masewera ndi masewera. Ambiri anali a capri ndi agoketi aatali, kachiwiri akuda.

Olemekezeka otchuka kwambiri awa

Inde, panali nthumwi zambiri za malangizo awa. Komabe, umunthu wina umakhala wofunikira. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ndakatulo ya beatnik imakhala pamalo amodzi mwa chikhalidwe chawo. Choncho, n'zosadabwitsa kuti anthu omwe anaima pamagwero a malangizo pang'ono anali olemba komanso olemba ndakatulo. Kotero, awa ndi anthu atatu: Lucien Carr, Allen Ginsberg ndi Jack Kerouac. Patapita kanthawi mndandandawu unadzazidwa ndi dzina lina - William Burroughs. Zingamveke kuti samasewera mbali yofunikira ngati imeneyi, koma kufunikira kwake pakupanga pang'ono-chikhalidwe ndibwino. Monga mukudziwira, beatniki - sizovala kapena maonekedwe, ndizo moyo ndi malingaliro, chikhalidwe chanu ndi ndakatulo. Timamvetsetsanso.

"Anthology ya ndakatulo ya beatnik": ndi chiyani?

Panthawi yonse ya kukhalapo kwake, chikhalidwe cha Baltics chinapanga ntchito zambiri zolemba, pulojekiti ndi vesi. Pa mutu wa njira iyi ya moyo, adalemba ambiri a nthumwi zazitsogozo. Choncho, mu 2004, buku linafalitsidwa lomwe linakhala loyamba lolemba ndakatulo la beatnik, komanso zida zina zapadera pazitsogozo. "Anthology beatnikov" imatengedwa kuti ndi yofalitsidwa kwambiri, yomwe inapita nthawi yonseyi mchitidwe uwu wa moyo uli mu Russian. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti masalmo ambiri omwe amasindikizidwa m'buku lino adamasuliridwa m'Chisipanishi kwa nthawi yoyamba.

Bukhuli lilinso ndi zolemba zamakono pa olemba otchuka-beatnikov. Kuwerenga izi zazikulu zamtundu wapadera, mukhoza kudzidzimadziza mu chikhalidwe cha nkhwangwa ndi kumvetsetsa zomwe malingaliro ndi malingaliro akuwathandiza, komanso zogwirizana ndi tanthauzo la malangizo.