Pontian Agiriki - ndani izi? Mbiri ya Pontic Ahelene

Pontian Agiriki - woimira Greek ethnos, amene ali a anthu kale kubwera kwa nyengo yatsopano katswiri Black Sea gombe (mu Greek - Ponto). Poyamba, tawuni yawo yaying'ono anali pagombe la kumpoto kwa Turkey, ndi pamenepo pokha adayala onse pa Nyanja Black.

Pontic Agiriki - ndani?

Pont - dzina mbiri ya malo Asia Minor. Mwachirengedwe, izo umachokera ku malire a Azerbaijan ndi Turkey, mitanda lonse Turkey gombe ndipo itha pa mizinda mzere Nikopol - Akdagma Denis. Kodi atsamunda Greek anali kutali ndi zilumba za kwawo dzuwa?

Agiriki akale anadziyesa kukhala amalonda kwambiri ndi colonizers. kunyumba dziko lawo ankasiyana nthaka pang'ono mapiri alili. Izi analenga zinthu zabwino kwa ziweto, koma alimi nthawi yovuta - zochepa dothi lamapiri anabweretsa mbewu ang'ono, amene anali atachoka chakudya chokwanira mabanja awo. Monga eni achangu, Agiriki sanali kukhala ulimi odziŵika opanda pake, koma anapeza chiyembekezo cha chuma m'madzi komanso zamalonda.

zamalonda

Pontian Agiriki - yapamadzi ndi malonda. Iye anali olandiridwa alendo pa gombe zonse ecumene lapansi. Agiriki aganyali mwakhama chitukuko cha zombo ake, anaika maulendo latsopano malonda ndi mafuko lakutali. Ndi m'munda wa mankhwala yosungirako anaonekera midzi yaing'ono oyendetsa ndi amalonda amene anali kuchita malonda mu malo ndi anthu ameneŵa ndi resold pa mitengo mpweya katundu zosowa m'mizinda ya Greece, Asia Minor ndi Middle East.

mzinda woyamba

The chakale kwambiri kuthetsa Pontic Ahelene pa gombe la Asia Minor, mumzinda wa Mileto. A makumi angapo a zaka, VIII-IX zaka BC. e. panali Sinop kwambiri, umene ndi ngale ya Turkey Black Sea gombe. Ndiye, ngati bowa pambuyo mvula mzinda uliwonse Amissos, Kotior, Kerasund ndi ena ambiri. Ancient Herodotus Palibe zodabwitsa iwo amanena kuti Pontic Ahelene anakakhala ozungulira nyanja Black, ngati achule m'mbali mwa puddles lapansi. fanizo limeneli molondola amasonyeza zolinga ndi njira resettlement Ahelene.

Ngakhale kulamulira m'malo intrusive, palibe kusiyana zazikulu ndi akomweko sizinkachitika. Pontic Agiriki ankadziwa momwe angayankhulire mbadwa zigawenga osati mokakamiza, koma mwa mtundu. malamulo amenewa negate zonena za atsogoleri a anthu a m'deralo - ngati aliyense ankadandaula osamuka amakonda kulipira, asamakangane. Pontic Ahelene anakhazikitsa kuwombola lalikulu la katundu - kunyumba, iwo anali atanyamula zipangizo ndi mbewu, ndi mu mzinda akutali anatumiza mafuta, vinyo, mbiya ndi handicrafts, zodzikongoletsera.

Chipembedzo ndi miyambo Ponta

Kodi akhoza kutsimikizira kukhala awo kuchoka panyumba mngelo woimira wamba a anthu wakale - Pontic Agiriki? Chipembedzo odzafuna malo kwenikweni anakopera zikhulupiriro za dziko lakutali. Ankapembedza onse wapamwamba wa Olympus, koma iwo anali okondedwa awo.

Kufikira tsopano, pa gombe la Asia Minor ndi zotsalira za kachisi wa Poseidon ndi Heme - woyang'anira wa nyanja ndi malonda. Pontic Helene anali miyambo yawo. Mwachitsanzo, ambiri a iwo anasankha kufotokoza chiyambi nthano zawo kwa Yasoni ndi Argonauts. Mwina Golden kwambiri ubweya miyambo yotchuka imeneyi limaimira chuma cha m'dera Black Sea ku chomwecho nkhosa (ubweya) - mmodzi wa zinthu zazikulu za malonda.

Culture ndi Art

Pontic Ahelene nsanje anali adziwane ndi kulengezedwa yekha woimira Hellene wa chitukuko, monga kuyenera akunjawo - mafuko ozungulira, amene panthawiyo anali pa siteji ya kuwonongeka dongosolo la fuko. Chiwerengero cha ankawalamulira kusunga chizindikiro chawo, nampatsa dziko anthu wapadera, amene anakhala wotchuka zosiyanasiyana. Wafilosofi Diogenes, Diphilus mfundo Heracleides, Stravon. Kale mu Zakachikwi choyamba mu zamulungu anaonekera Vissarion mayina ndi ena, ndipo nthawi anapereka mayina atsopano monga Karatzas, Ypsilanti, Muruzisov ndi ena.

Kumbali ya nyengo mbiri

Pa nthawi imene Aleksandra Makedonskogo afalitse chikopa Greek kum'mwera kwa Turkey - nyengo Hellenization. Mu ulamuliro wa Mithridates chikoka ichi anali amphamvu kwambiri - mu Asia Minor inapambana chinenero chawo, analenga manda a zomangamanga ndi luso.

Mu heyday Ufumu wa Roma anakhala Mkhristu Pontic Ahelene. Zikomo atumwi Paulo ndi Petro oimira kum'mawa kwa anthu anali woyamba kukhazikitsa oyambirira Chikhristu ndipo anavomereza Yesu Khristu ngati Mpulumutsi wawo. madera wamkulu m'malo, mmene mbali chitetezo cha chikhulupiriro chatsopano.

Ahelene kapena Aroma?

Mu nthawi Byzantine ndi Pontic Ahelene analenga m'chigawo chawo. Pa behest wa Justinian unakhala likulu la Trebizond (Trabzon). Pompo, wachiwiri kudziletsa Pontic Agiriki - Aroma, kutanthauza "nzika za ku Rome" - zina amatchedwa Byzantine Ufumu wa East.

Ubwenzi "mzinda-m'chigawo" womangidwa Ponto Constantinople mpaka 1204, pamene likulu la kum'mawa Ufumu wa Aroma utagwa pozunzidwa mwankhanza wa Afulanki. Pambuyo mapuwa limapezeka Nicene State, yomwe kenako m'gulu la Ufumu wa Trebizond. Zoposa ziwiri mazana linakhalapo, Ufumu nthaŵi zonse nkhondo ndi mafuko ozungulira chikhulupiriro osakhala Mkhristu. Makamaka kwambiri anaukira boma la Aroma Turkey, amene 1461 nkhondo agwidwa Trebizond.

ulamuliro Muslim

The adani a Trebizond zimatanthauza dzuwa litalowa chiyambi cha Chikhristu, kufalikira kwa Islam ku dziko wakale wa Pontian Ahelene. Kuphedwa, chiwawa, pogroms kukhonda Islamization pansi ululu wa walekana ndi moyo - ndi chimene wabweretsa Greek Turkey ulamuliro. Anthu amene anapulumuka anathawa mumzindamo, malo odyetserako ziweto ndi mpingo ndipo anasamukira ku mapiri mantha zifukwa zachipembedzo. Koma m'tsogolo, akuluakulu Turkey zinthu zina zokambirana ndi analola Ahelene kukhala mitundu ina ya ulimi - zitsulo ndi ziwiya zadothi, mwachitsanzo.

Kwa zaka zambiri Pontic Ahelene Anakhalabe a anthu akutali kwambiri a Turkey Ufumu. Iwo pafupifupi musati alipo Akhristu ena, koma anakhala m'mbali mwa Armenia ndi Kurds. Odzichepetsa kupanga Chotsimikizika ndi zokolola zochepa, anasonkhana ku mapiri, nthaka yopanda chonde, kodi kukopa chidwi akazembe adyera ndi Supreme akuluakulu Turkey. Mwina ndiye chifukwa chake Agiriki anatha kusunga chinenero chawo ndi chikhalidwe, kukuza malo okhala awo m'dera Caucasus ndi Crimea, ndi kulumikiza anthu ammudzi dziko mu ufulu yoyenda yokha chikhalidwe.

Izi zilili mpaka 1922, pamene Agiriki anathamangitsidwa m'mayiko awo, amene ankaona achibale awo kwa zaka.

athamangitsidwe

Kwa zaka zambiri, akuluakulu Turkey sakuzindikira chiwembuchi ndi kuzunzidwa Armenia. Koma anthu ochepa mukudziwa kuti mu zaka za m'ma makumi awiri anali kuzunzidwa ndi anthu ena Turkey, kuphatikizapo Pontian Ahelene. Chiwembuchi wa mafuko kwachititsa atheretu lathunthu la Agiriki ku dziko kwawo ndi athamangitsidwe yokakamiza ku dera la Turkey. Zoposa 350 zikwi. Anthu anali kuwotchedwa mu mipingo ndi akachisi, opulumuka anathawa n'kusiya katundu wawo onse. May 19 linali tsiku chisoni dziko lino. Chifukwa, Pontian Ahelene anakakhala ku madera a limati zina. Anawakakamiza kuti kusamuka.

Pontic Agiriki ku Russia anakakhala ku dera la Kuban ndi North Caucasus. Ambiri a iwo alikulankhula mu Russian, koma anapitiriza ena mwa miyambo yakale ya anthu ake. Koma ambiri a Pontic Ahelene anabwerera kugombe kwawo kwa Greece.

Choncho, pambuyo 2.5 Zakachikwi pambuyo atsamunda woyamba gombe miyala ya Greece, iwo amayenera kubwerera ku nyumba zawo. ulendo wawo unatha ndi kubwerera kwawo. Tikufuna kukhala osangalala.