Nthawi Geological kuti mumve. Mbiri miyala ya Earth

Mbiri ya dziko lapansi biliyoni 7 zaka. Panthawi imeneyi, nyumba yathu lasintha kwambiri, chomwe chinali chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo. nthawi Geological mwazaka kuwulula m'mbiri ya dziko kuyambira penipeni masiku ano.

Geological Kuwerengera

Mbiri ya dziko lapansi, ankayimiridwa ngati zosawerengeka magulu nthawi ndi nthawi ndi limafotokozera ena m'magulumagulu. Poyamba congresses mayiko nthaka anayamba kupanga makamaka kuchuluka lonse, amene ankaimira periodization a Dziko Lapansi. Zotsatira osiyanasiyana izi apindula ndi zatsopano ndipo anasintha, chifukwa lero izo zimanyezimiritsa nthawi zonse miyala kuti mumve.

The mayunitsi waukulu kwambiri lonse ili ndi eonothem, Nthawi kapena nyengo.

mapangidwe Earth

nthawi Geological lapansi mwazaka mme- mmene mapangidwe dziko liri. Asayansi anazindikira kuti Earth unakhazikitsidwa biliyoni 4.5 zaka zapitazo. The ndondomeko kwambiri mapangidwe ake wakhala wautali kwambiri ndipo n'kutheka anayamba wina biliyoni 7 zaka zapitazo kuchokera particles ang'onoang'ono malo. M'kupita kwa nthawi, mphamvu yokoka wakula limodzi ndi kumawonjezera liwiro matupi kugwa kwa dziko kuyambika. mphamvu kayendedwe adziwonetsa kutentha, kuchititsa kutentha pang'onopang'ono Dziko Lapansi.

pachimake dziko lapansi, pa mfundo za asayansi, unapangidwa ochepa miliyoni zaka handiredi, kenako kuzirala pang'onopang'ono dzikoli. Panopa phata osungunula lili 30% ya unyinji wa Dziko Lapansi. Development wa ena chimakwirira dzikoli, malinga ndi asayansi, ndi sanamalize panobe.

Precambrian eon

Mu geochronology eon loyamba la Dziko amatchedwa Precambrian. Limafotokoza biliyoni 4.5 nthawi - zaka 600 miliyoni zapitazo. Ndiko, gawo la mikango la zochitika padzikoli ali woyamba. Komabe, izi eon kugawanitsa zina zitatu - Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic. Ndipo nthawi zambiri oyamba ndi eon palokha.

Panthawi imeneyi, panali mapangidwe kutumphuka lapansi, dziko ndi madzi. Zonsezi zinachitika pa ntchito chiphala ambiri aeon ndi. Zikwangwani padziko lonse anapangidwa Precambrian, koma kuda moyo n'zochepa kwambiri.

Katarchean eon

Pachiyambi penipeni m'mbiri ya Dziko Lapansi - zaka biliyoni theka linakhalapo mu sayansi otchedwa Katarchean. Malire chapamwamba aeon izi pa kuzungulira 4 biliyoni zapitazo.

Zopeka limatipangitsa ngati nthawi Hadean wa yogwira kusintha mapiri geothermal pa dziko lapansili. Komabe, zoona zake n'zakuti zimenezi si zoona.

Katarchean eon - nthawi pamene ntchito chiphala sanasonyezedwe, ndi padziko lapansi ndi ozizira yovuta chipululu. Ngakhale pafupipafupi zinachitika chivomezi chimene ankawachotsera malo. Pamwamba ankawoneka ngati mdima imvi chinthu chachikulu lokutidwa wosanjikiza regolite. Tsiku pa nthawi kudawerengedwa kwa maola 6 okha.

Archean eon

The chachiwiri waukulu eon anayi zinachitika kwa 1.5 zaka mbiri Dziko Lapansi - zaka biliyoni 4-2,5 zapitazo. Ndiye m'dziko ndisanadye chikhalidwe, choncho moyo kulibe, koma eon uyu akubwera zikamera mabakiteriya chifukwa chosowa mpweya, ali anaerobic. Chifukwa cha zochita zawo tsopano tili miyala ya mchere monga chitsulo, mpweya, sulfure ndi faifi tambala. Mbiri ya akuti "Archean" ali chiyambi chake mu 1872, pamene akufuna wotchuka American wasayansi John. Dan. Archaean eon, mosiyana ndi wina m'mbuyomu, amakhala ndi ntchito yapamwamba chiphala komanso kukokoloka kwa nthaka.

Proterozoic eon

Ngati tikambirana nthawi Geological kuti mumve, zaka biliyoni anatenga Proterozoic. nthawi imeneyi yodziwika ndi ntchito yapamwamba mapiri sedimentation, kukokoloka kumakhudzanso pa m'madera ambiri.

T aumbike. N. Cham'mbali Baikalian lopinda. Panopa ali mapiri ang'onoang'ono zigwa. Miyala ya eon uyu ali wolemera kwambiri Mica, ores sanali akakhala ndi chitsulo.

Tikumbukenso kuti nthawi Proterozoic anali zamoyo choyamba - mogwirizana, algae ndi bowa. Pakutha aeon kuoneka mphutsi, invertebrates m'madzi, mollusks.

The Phanerozoic eon

nthawi zonse miyala kuti mumve akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu iwiri - ndi zoonekera ndi covert. Phanerozoic amatanthauza zolaula. Pa nthawi iyi pali ambiri a zinthu zamoyo ndi mafupa mchere. Nyengo apafupi ndi Phanerozoic, ena amati chobisika, chifukwa kuda zimakhala sapezeka chifukwa chosowa mafupa mchere.

Zaka 600 miliyoni a mbiri ya dziko lathu otchedwa Phanerozoic eon. The zinthu zofunika kwambiri eon ichi - Mathanthwe kuphulika kumene kunachitika pafupifupi mamiliyoni 540 zapitazo, ndipo kupulula asanu akuluakulu m'mbiri lathuli.

Nthawi ya eon Precambrian

Pa Katarchean ndi Archean panalibe Nthawi konsekonse anavomera ndipo nthawi, kotero ife mwadya iwo kuti amuone.

Proterozoic komanso tichipeza Nthawi zitatu:

Palaeoproterozoic - .. R mauthenga wakale chikukhudza siderite, riasiysky nthawi oroziry ndi stater. Pakutha pa nyengo iyi, ndende mpweya mu mlengalenga wafika msinkhu panopa.

Mesoproterozoic - pafupifupi. Amakhala ndi nthawi zitatu - Kalima, ectasia ndi mpanda. Mu nyengo iyi ya algae ndi mabakiteriya tafika pachimake pa chitukuko ake.

Neoproterozoic - latsopano, wopangidwa mwa Tonia, cryogenic ndi Ediacaria. Panthawi imeneyi, mapangidwe a supercontinent choyamba - Rodinia, koma kenako anabwerera mbale. The kunkafika pachimake ayezi zaka zinachitika mu nyengo lotchedwa Mesoproterozoic, imene chisanu kwambiri dzikoli.

Nthawi ya eon Phanerozoic

eon Izi lagawidwa nyengo zitatu zazikulu, wosiyana kwambiri ndi mzake:

Paleozoic, kapena kuti nyengo ya moyo wakale. Iwo anayamba pafupifupi mamiliyoni 600 zapitazo ndipo zinatha zaka miliyoni 230 zapitazo. PALEOZOIC imakhala nthawi 7:

1. Mathanthwe (pa Dziko Lapansi anapanga kotentha nyengo, malo m'zigwa, mu nthawi imeneyi ndi zikamera wa mitundu ya makono ya nyama).
2. Ordovician (nyengo padziko lonse ofunda zokwanira, ngakhale Antarctica, dziko zayamba kumizidwa. Amapezeka maonekedwe a nsomba yoyamba).
3. Silurian nthawi (pali mapangidwe nyanja yaikulu kumtunda, otsika akukhala drier chifukwa kukwezedwa kwa dziko. Kukupitirizabe chitukuko cha nsomba. Silurian nthawi amalembedwa koyamba za tizilombo).
4. Devon (zosayembekezereka ya achule woyamba ndi nkhalango).
5. M'munsi Carboniferous (ulamuliro Mumapezekanso, nsombazo kufala).
6. Upper ndi pakati mpweya (maonekedwe a zokwawa choyamba).
7. Perm (kwambiri zifanso wakale nyama).

Mesozoic, kapena nthawi zapoizoni. Mbiri miyala ya ku Mesozoic Nyengo lagawidwa nthawi zitatu:

1. Trias (zinatha mbewu Mumapezekanso, gymnosperms kutsogozedwa, pali zinyamazi woyamba ndi nyama).
2. Jura (gawo la Europe ndi dera la kumadzulo kwa America aphimbidwa ndi nyanja osaya, kuonekera kwa mbalame woyamba imodzi).
3. Mel (maonekedwe a mapulo ndi thundu nkhalango, ndi chitukuko pamwamba pa kutha kwa zinyamazi ndi mbalame imodzi).

Cenozoic, kapena nthawi ya nyama. Amakhala ndi ziwiri mmasiku Awiri:

1. Ukachenjede. Mu nthawi oyambirira a zilombo zolusa komanso ungulates kufika mbandakucha awo, nyengo ofunda. Pali kufalikira pazipita nkhalango, nyama wakale amafa. Pafupifupi 25 miliyoni zapitazo, pali anyani, ndi munthu amapezeka mu Pliocene.
2. Quaternary. Pleistocene - nyama zazikulu zikutha, anthu wabadwa, pali 4 glacial nthawi, zinatha mitundu. M'badwo wamakono - mapeto a m'badwo wotsiriza ayezi, nyengo pang'onopang'ono pano mawonekedwe. The ulamuliro wa munthu pa dziko lapansi.

Mbiri miyala ya dziko ali ndi wautali ndiponso zotsutsana chitukuko. Zimenezi anali malo angapo kutha kwa zinthu mobwerezabwereza moyo nthawi glacial anati nthawi ya ntchito yapamwamba chiphala anali zaka ulamuliro wa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira mabakiteriya anthu. Mbiri ya Earth unayamba pafupifupi biliyoni 7 zaka zapitazo, anapanga biliyoni 4.5 zaka zapitazo, ndipo monga zosakwana miliyoni zapitazo, munthu anasiya kukhala mpikisano m'chilengedwe chonse.