George Zhzhenov: yonena, moyo, banja, mkazi, ana

Ambiri odziwika kwambiri Russian wosewera Georgiy Zhzhenov. Wambiri, banja lake, analenga kanayi pa moyo wake, ndi nkhani lino. Zhzhenov anagwa kupirira kwambiri mavuto, koma n'kuwagwira ndi ulemu, ndi ulemerero.

Origin ndi makolo

Malo George Zhzhenov? mbiri yake inayamba mu Petrograd mu 1915 m'banja la mmisiri-wophika. mayi George Maria Feodorovna atate wake Stepan Filippovich kukwatira, pamene iye anali wamasiye ndi bambo wa ana aakazi asanu. Monga ine ndinapita kumudzi kwawo kwa Tver, ankayang'anira mkazi wake anatenga mtsikana ndi St. Petersburg, kuphunzitsa ana ndi kubala latsopano alipo adzawonjezera anthu monga mmene asanu. Kulera ana si osasamala bambo kucheza ndi "wobiriwira njoka". Onse Zhzhenova yaikulu banja pa World Choyamba ndi Civil nkhondo, pambuyo nkhondo owonongedwa ndi zaka zoyambirira za mphamvu Soviet, anakoka pa misana yawo, ndi amayi, ndi Russian mkazi ophweka, omwe yokha Georgiy Zhzhenov anakumbukira ndi wachikondi chachikulu ndi masiku otsiriza a moyo wake.

Unyamata ndi chiyambi cha ntchito ndi kuchita

Koma ngakhale onse banja moyo, ana okulirapo anakulira ndi kukakhala ndi moyo paokha. Mkulu m'bale George Boris, amene anali ansangala kwambiri, mu 30s oyambirira analowa yunivesite, ndipo iye kukhala amphamvu ndi othamanga anyamata, pambuyo zaka zisanu ndi zitatu sukulu mu 1930 analembetsa sukulu zosiyanasiyana-ochitira zionetsero pa dipatimenti acrobatic. Patapita chaka anaonekera maseŵeralo wosewera George Zhzhenov, mbiri yomwe inayamba m'bwalo la Leningrad maseŵeralo acrobatic duet "2-Georges-2." Mnzanu wa zisudzo wake anali mnzanga wina wa, Dzina lake, motero dzina la awiriwa lapansi.

George Zhzhenov, amene yonena ali kenako anapanga zambiri ankasinthana lakuthwa, nthawi zonse moyamikira anakumbukira maseŵeralo lake linachokera. Mpaka mapeto a masiku ake anakhalabe labwino mawonekedwe (chifukwa cha iye mwina anapulumuka Kolyma), ndipo ngakhale pa chitatu zaka khumi kuchita acrobatics.

Kubera mafilimu a kanema a

Izo zinali mu masewera osangalatsa ndiponso opangidwa kuchokera "filimu anthu" ndi Lenfilm ndipo auzidwa kuti mbali yaikulu mu "Mphulupulu ngwazi" filimu (1932). Anachoka masewera aja ndipo akulowa Leningrad zaumisiri School of Kuimba nyimbo Tirhana ku sukuluyi, ndipo izi zinachititsa kenako wotchuka Soviet wotsogolera filimu Sergei Gerasimov. Mu yomweyi, chikudziwikabe zinthu mafilimu. Filmography iye agwidwe wake mu 1938 kumeneko kale anali mafilimu asanu, kuphatikizapo wapamwamba otchuka Soviet kinohit "Chapaev", umene ankaimba chadongosolo Zhzhenov Commissioner Furmanova Tereshka.

Nanga ndinkakhala George Zhzhenov? yonena ake oyambirira anali ngati mamiliyoni biographies ena mwa anyamata Soviet. Zingatanthauze kuti zam'tsogolo lonjezo lalikulu kwa iye. Komabe, wosewera wamng'ono anali ndi chifukwa choopera chifukwa tsoka lake ndi mantha ake anatsimikizira posachedwapa.

Chiyambi cha sewero la moyo Georgiya Zhzhenova

Mu December 1934 mu Leningrad, anaphedwa mutu wa bungwe dera chikominisi, mu mfundo munthu wachiwiri dzikoli atachokako Stalin ndi mpikisano wake (osachepera, monga ambiri ndiye ndinaganiza) Sergei Kirov. kupha Ichi chinali chifukwa Stalin ndi anamuperekeza ake chiyambi cha otchedwa Great Zoopsya mu dziko. Iwo anali ndi mlandu gulu ndi boma atsogoleri ambiri akale otchuka. Koma pang'onopang'ono, mwa akuvutika chifukwa cha miyambo kuyan'anila za matupi Stalin kuponderezedwa kwa anthu wamba amene analibe kanthu kochita ndi ndale. Choncho mwa iwo anali wophunzira pa Leningrad University Boris Zhzhenov. The nkhani zomwe zinachitika kwa iye bwino kwambiri khalidwe zinkakhalira chipwirikiti ndi ambiri kukayikirana, omwe anali anthu Soviet pa theka lachiwiri la mmasate lapansi.

chakuti ophunzira LSU unkayenera pochitika m'misewu ya Leningrad pamaliro. Boris anafunsa mlembi wa bungwe la Komsomol kumene kwa iye musiye zimenezi chifukwa chabe analibe nsapato yachibadwa kupirira maola ambiri aima ndi kuyenda mu ozizira (mu University, ndiye kuti msangamsanga mu nsapato zake wosweka kwathunthu). Pempho limeneli anali kutanthauziridwa monga chiwonetsero cha kusafuna kulemekeza kukumbukira mtsogoleri pogibschego chikominisi, choncho mtima ankhanza kwa mphamvu Soviet yokha. Chaka chotsatira Boris anamangidwa kenako anaweruzidwa kuti aphedwe anatumizidwa ku ndende Vorkuta, ndipo banja lonse anali ku ukapolo ku Leningrad Zhzhenova. George anaimirira kwa druzya- wake "Opanga filimuyi" makamaka iye Sergei Gerasimov. Iye anayamba pamene kuwombera filimu "Komsomolsk", omwe anali nawo ndi Georgiy Zhzhenov. Wambiri ya yotsirizira asanamangidwe kuwonjezera kwa zaka ziwiri, koma matupi kuonetsa anali kungoyang'ana kwa chowiringula kukapereka mlandu wake watsopano.

Amangidwe loyamba

M'chaka cha 1938, gulu la nyenyezi kanema, amene anali ndi moto, anali atakwera sitima kuwombera mu Komsomolsk pa-Amur. mnzawo anatembenuka US nthumwi, ulendo wopita ku Vladivostok. Pakhala zonse mu njira kukhudzana pakati pa mabwenzi (pambuyo oyendayenda masiku angapo). Koma chifukwa cha oimira yachilendo mu USSR, pamene mosalekeza kuunikira, ndiye patebulo anagona lipoti kwa zida chapakati cha NKVD Moscow, imene onse amene anali kukhudzana ndi zisudzo mlendo anazilemba. Popeza Zhzhenov pa nthawi imeneyo kale anali wachibale wa amamangidwa "mdani wa anthu", kuti iye anali phungu yabwino mlandu espionage ndi Soviet Union. Posachedwapa, iye anamangidwa ku Leningrad pa nyumba yake, kumene ankakhala ndi mkazi wake woyamba, Eugenia, amene anali mnzakeyo wake pa College Gawo Tirhana.

zaka ziwiri ndi theka ku mtanda

Nthawi kufufuza Zhzhenov zapita mabwalo onse helo Stalin wozunzikirapo zipinda. Zimachitika kuti zonse zimene tsopano chodziwika ku Maulendo a ofera ena amene zapita njira yomweyo. Wosatha mafunso "ndi tsankho", kumenyedwa, kugona mokwanira, pamene mlandu kuvala otchedwa conveyor investigative chikukhudza mosalekeza kumatenga sabata (kapena zambiri, koma amene adzapulumuke) mafunso a angapo, motsatizana, Ofufuza. Malinga ndi Maulendo a Zhzhenova pamene anakomoka nagwa pansi, tsitsi wapolisiyo ndi kumutulutsa mapazi ake, ndi mafunso anapitiriza.

Ambiri sindikanakhoza kupirira, yolembedwa mirandu chotheka akumatchula anthu ena, mwachitsanzo. E. Kodi ndendende zimene zinali alonda Stalin zifukwa zodzikhululukira. Mkaidi Zhzhenova amene anapita kuthana ndi chikumbumtima choterocho, sakanakhoza kupirira zowawa zake ndipo kenako amadzipha (anatsegula mtsempha pansi pa bulangeti a).

Koma Zhzhenov George, amene yonena si koma nthawi lidzadzaza ndi mayesero ngati amenewa, anadutsa nkhanza zonse ndi kuzunza, anakana kuvomereza mlandu espionage, chotero anapulumutsa moyo wake. Ndipotu anazindikira, kawirikawiri kuti aphedwe. Zhzhenov anapatsidwanso zaka 5 m'misasa, amene ali "zabwino" Stalinist mwambo anatambasula ndi mochuluka monga ngati makumi awiri. Kodi akanatha zoyembekezeredwa kupita ku Siberia Georgi Zhzhenov? Wambiri, banja, ana, amene izo zingakhale - zonse izi tsopano akukhala kufikako kwa iye. Iye anati tiwonana kwa mkazi wake ndipo ndinamuuza osati kudikira kubweranso kwake.

Kolyma, Kolyma, zodabwitsa dziko, miyezi khumi yozizira, mpumulo - chilimwe

Pamene sitimayo amene anagwira anadzazidwa ndi mazana "akaidi", atawalankhula Zhzhenova Nagaeva Bay kuti Magadan, iye anali ndi zaka 25. Patsogolo anali zaka zisanu m'misasa, katundu kalavulagaga, njala, ozizira, tsiku kulimbana kupulumuka. Ndipotu iye anavutika Kolyma zaka ovuta kwambiri nkhondo, pamene kotunga kale zochepa yadulidwa yochepa. Ife akufa ndi njala lagpunktov lonse ndi mazana "akaidi." Panthawi ina yotere Zhzhenov anauza mu imodzi mwa nkhani yake lofalitsidwa yochepa za moyo mumsasa, chimene chimatchedwa "sled".

Idali nyengo yozizira limodzi la lagpunktov kutali pamtunda wa makilomita ochepa ku msasa wawo waukulu. Anali malo akutali, kumene zoyendera chikanapitirizidwira yekha m'chilimwe. Akuluakulu mwadala anafikitsa m'chilimwe zopangidwa yozizira katundu, ndipo anthu mazana angapo wa Camp Division, kuphatikizapo Zhzhenova anayamba njala ndi kufa pang'onopang'ono. M'ndende imeneyi mankhwala chitetezo zonse anakamba ndi njira toboggan, chifukwa alonda yekha angapo dazeni, ndipo "akaidi" - mazana ochepa. Ndipo apa pakubwera uthenga kuti Zhzhenov mbali yaikulu msasa phukusi anafika kuchokera kwa amake, ndipo ndithudi ndi mankhwala. Koma mmene angakwanitsire waukulu msasa "goner" amene ngakhale unyamata wake ndi mphamvu zake zakale, amavutika kuyenda pa mapazi awo kwa zakudya m'thupi aakulu. About mozembetsa maphukusi mu Camp Division akhoza kukhala, chifukwa ndi kuphwanya dongosolo. Ndipo kutaya ofunda malo kutali kutsogolo, ndi kukhala mu ngalande mabomba German, palibe makonzedwe a sanafune. Zhzhenov anali wosimidwa. Mosintha umboni uyu anakhala m'dera chilolezo NKVD, amene anapita kudwala-fated Camp Division (anafika kumeneko pamtunda). Ndipo Iye adafotokoza Zhzhenov kupita ku msasa m'munsi naye, ngati limodzi. Kodi anadabwa zinali George, mmawa wotsatira pamene adawona analamulira, kukoka sled yaing'ono, womwe unali ena zolembedwa. Pamene iwowa adachoka ku Camp Division pa mtunda wamakhalidwe, George akundipatsa mphamvu tchuthi, ndipo iye wotaya kutsitsimuka. Popanda mawu, Commissioner kumuika tirigu ndi ankayendetsa makilomita ochepa pafupi ndi msasa wawo waukulu, kumene kuvula, kotero kuti asanayambe kutetezedwa mu mawonekedwe mwachizolowezi: "njoka" ndipo kapitawo m'nkhaniyi. Kodi n'chiyani chinachititsa kapitawo kusonyeza uncharacteristic "enkavedeshnikam" Mercy, tidzakhalanso konse. Koma chifukwa chakuti iye pafupifupi opulumutsidwa tsogolo la wosewera kwambiri Russian, tizithokoza. Atauza mu kholo kwenikweni anali mankhwala anathandiza Georgi kupulumuka kuti dzinja zoopsa.

Moyo pakati pa malingaliro awiri

Mu 1943 George a msasa chilango pa grouse wanga kwenikweni kukoka mutu wa woyendayenda wosewera wa mabodza timu Nikanorov. Mu yoopsa wooneka ovutika "Zeke", yokutidwa ndi scabs ndi "ziphuphu" iye anaona wosewera kale ndipo analumbira kudzampulumutsa. Choyamba Zhzhenova inasamutsidwa kuchoka ku gulu msasa mabodza, kenako Magadansky muzdramteatr, kampani imene inali kwenikweni kwa munthu "akaidi." Ndimamva anali kumbuyo mwa banja okonda Georgiy Zhzhenov? Wambiri, banja, ana - zonsezi mfundo wamba kachiwiri kumuyandikira. Adzakwatira chimodzimodzi monga iye anali, anachita, Ammayi Lydia Vorontsova, ali ndi mwana wamkazi Elena. Ukwati sakanakhoza kukhala yaitali, monga onse a iwo posachedwapa masiku latsopano.

Mu 1945 anamaliza nyengo ya chiganizo chake choyamba, ndipo moto mwachidule anathawa Kolyma. Motsogoleredwa ndi Sergei Gerasimov lidaupereka kwa Sverdlovsk filimu situdiyo. Apo iye nyenyezi mu "Alitet amapita kumapiri," womwe analankhula za kusintha zokomera moyo wa anthu a m'dziko la Chukotka.

akuti yachiwiri

Ndiyeno zinachitika kuti iye ndi mofanana akuvutika zina zambiri Stalinist kupondereza - kumangidwa lachiwiri ndi chiweruzo latsopano. nthawiyi anali m'ndende kwa ukapolo ku Norilsk. Mwamwayi, apo iye anali kupeza ntchito mu sewero zisudzo, monga Magadan. Mwa njira, mnzake pa siteji anali Innocent Smoktunovski, amene anachoka Norilsk kukhala kunja nthawi wobvutika kumeneko kumayambiriro kwa makumi anai ndi makumi asanu, chifukwa ankaopa kuti alangidwe adzangokhalamo yochepa mkaidi German nkhondo mu 1943.

Kuti kuwonjezera luso la wosewera opezeka Norilsk George Zhzhenov? Wambiri, mkazi wake ndi ana ndinafunitsitsa mwa mawu anthu. mkazi wake wachitatu anali Ammayi Irina Makhaeva Norilsk. Pambuyo kuchoka ku Norilsk anali ndi mwana wamkazi Marina.

kupeza ufulu

Mu 1955, kwathunthu anapulumutsa ndi kumukonzanso Zhzhenov anabwerera ku Leningrad. Poyamba ankagwira ntchito mu dera la sewero zisudzo, koma patapita chaka zikukhazikitsa pa Lenfilm filimu wosewera. Kuyambira pamenepo, pafupifupi chaka panali mafilimu ndi sachita. Iye ziziwayendera bwino ku moyo watsopano n'zodabwitsa zosavuta, monga angapo amene anatha mwa anthu amene anapita kupyola pa ngozi ya Gulag. Mosakayikira, izi zinathandiza kuti labwino mawonekedwe, amene Zhzhenov anatha kusunga pambuyo onse anali atagwa ku gawo lake la zokhumudwitsa. Moviegoers komanso anakopeka mafano zidalengedwa mwa iye odzilamulira, wodzala chenicheni mtima chikhalidwe cha kuchita ntchito Zhzhenova.

Mu 1960 analowa zisudzo. Leningrad Council City. Ndinapeza gulu George Zhzhenov? Wambiri, moyo wake anabweranso ndi yokhotakhota. George Stepanovich anakumana pano mkazi wake chachinayi Lidiyu Malyukovu, amene anali kukhala mpaka imfa yake. Iwo anali ndi mwana wamkazi, Julia.

Choncho zimene zotsala za ana a George Zhzhenov? Wambiri, ana, banja, - mfundo zonse izi zonse zakhala pafupi, iye adafunafuna banja. Palimodzi Zhzhenova kwa maukwati atatu ndi ana aakazi atatu ndi zidzukulu zingapo ndi adzukulu.

Cha m'ma 60 - oyambirira 70 ana kuti Zhzhenov anabwera kutchuka m'dzikolo pambuyo kuchita ntchito Zarokova-Tulyev mu kinodilogii "cholakwa" ndi "Tsogolo la wokhala pa." Anasamukira ku Moscow, akupita ku bwalo lamasewera. Moscow Council City, komwe anakagwira ntchito kwa zaka zoposa zitatu ndi theka, mpaka imfa yake pa 91 TH chaka cha moyo.

Mu zaka kuchepekela Zhzhenov anali kholo lenileni la mafilimu a kanema Russian ndi zisudzo. Iye walandira mphoto zambiri boma. Iye anali kumeneko kuwombera ndi zopelekedwa, dziko ambiri chikondwerero chikumbutso ake 90.