Chilankhulo cha Gagauz ndi mawu ake

Kuchokera mu 1990, kum'mwera kwa Moldova, adalengeza ufulu wake Gagauzia. Kupanga gawo lodziwika kwa malo, lomwe linayambika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900. Pamodzi ndi a Russian ndi Moldavian mumagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama kulankhulana ndi kulemba chinenero cha Gagauz. Tiyeni tidziŵe mbali zake, mbiri ndi zolemba.

Gulu la chinenero

Chilankhulo cha Gagauz ndi gulu la chinenero cha Chi Turkic. Malinga ndi zilembo zake, ndizofanana ndi zilankhulo za Azerbaijani ndi Chiurkmen. Koma ambiri mwa mapangano ndi akatswiri a zinenero omwe amapezeka ndi chilankhulo cha Turkish. Mwachikhalidwe, chinenero cha Gagauz ndi cha gulu la Oguz, koma mphamvu ya machitidwe ena ndi abwino. Makamaka, kuchokera ku Russian, Bulgarian ndi Balkan-Romanesque.

Malingana ndi maphunziro a zinenero, olankhula nawo kawirikawiri amagwiritsa ntchito Gagauz, kapena anthu omwe ali ndi mizu ya Gagauz kapena amakhala m'dera lawo.

Mbiri

Pofuna kumvetsetsa chiyambi cha chinenerocho, m'pofunikira kudziŵa mbiri ya chithandiziro chake. Koma zapitazo za Gagauzians, ndizosavuta. Olemba mbiri ali ndi malingaliro atatu onena za chiyambi cha anthu awa. Yoyamba ikusonyeza kuti iwo adachokera ku kukonzedwa kwa Oghuz, Pechenegs ndi Kumans. Malingana ndi lingaliro lachiwiri, makolo a Gagauz ndi Seljuk Turks, omwe m'zaka za zana la 18 adaphatikizana ndi Polovtsi ndipo adakhazikitsa dziko la Oguz. Ndipo potsiriza, malinga ndi buku lina, Gagauz ndi mbadwa za Turkic Proto-Bulgariya omwe anasamukira ku Balkans kuchokera ku Volga m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chiwiri, ndipo m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chinayi adalandira Chikristu.

Maganizo onse atatu awa alibe zifukwa zomveka zofotokozera zinenero. Umboni wosayenerera ukhoza kukhala wochokera kumtundu wachikhalidwe komanso wowerengeka. Kotero, mwachitsanzo, nkhani zamatsenga ndi zilembo mu chinenero cha Gagauz, malingana ndi chiwembu chawo ndi zolemba zawo, zimagwirizananso ndi ntchito zakale zomwe zinatifikira kuchokera ku anthu otchulidwa pamwambawa.

Kugawa kwa malo

Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amalankhula chinenero cha Gagauz ndi anthu opitirira 150 zikwi. Amaperekedwa makamaka ku Moldova (ATU Gagauzia) ndi ku Odessa dera (Ukraine). Kuphatikiza apo, dongosololi likupezeka kumadera ang'onoang'ono m'madera ena a Kazakhstan ndi Uzbekistan.

Mu 2004, chiwerengero cha anthu chinali ku Moldova. Malingana ndi zotsatira zake, a Gagauzians adangokhala ndi theka ndi theka peresenti ya zonsezi. Awa ndi anthu pafupifupi 120,000. Mwa awa, pafupifupi zikwi zana ankakhala mwachindunji ku Gagauzia, ena onse anakhazikika m'madera ena a Moldova.

Malingana ndi kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha anthu chaka cha 2001, kafukufuku anapezeka mu 2001, akukhala Gagauz m'chigawo cha Odessa. Ichi ndi chiwerengero chimodzi chokha cha anthu. Inde, chitetezo cha chinenero cha Gagauz n'chochepa kwambiri. Kuwonjezera apo, a Gagauzians kawirikawiri amagwiritsa ntchito zilankhulo za Chirasha kapena Chiyukireniya kuti azikhala mwamtendere ndi oimira amitundu ena.

Kusokoneza

M'chinenero chilichonse pali chodabwitsa chotero monga chinenero (kapena chinenero). Awa ndiwo mtundu wa chinenero monga njira yolankhulirana pakati pa anthu, chifukwa cha gawo lawo. Chilankhulo cha Gagauz chili ndi zilankhulo ziwiri: Chadyrlung-Comrat (kapena pakati) ndi Vulcanesti (kapena kumwera). Woyamba amalumikiza madera awiri a Gagauzia: Ceadir-Lunga ndi Comrat. M'chilankhulo ichi mphamvu ya zilankhulo za Moldova ndi Chirasha imamva. Koma chilankhulo chakumwera, chimatanthauzidwa ndi akatswiri a zinenero monga pafupi ndi chilankhulo cha mtundu wa Gagauz.

Zimadziwikanso kuti Gagauzians amakhala m'dera la Balkan Peninsula pamodzi ndi gajal zawo. Kukhalanso kwa mitundu ya anthu kunapereka chilankhulo chachikulu ndi chosiyana kwambiri, chomwe lero chikuchitika pa kufufuza kwa akatswiri a zinenero. Zina mwa izo ndi Chibugariya, Chimacedoniya, Chituruki ndi zinenero zina.

Mphamvu ya chilankhulo cha Turkish

Mphamvu ya chilankhulo cha Chikriski imafunikira chidwi chapadera. Ndipotu, akatswiri a zilankhulo amapezana mofanana kwambiri pamatchulidwe ndi zilembo zamagulu awiriwo. Kulumikizana kwakukulu kwa chilankhulo cha Gagauz ndi chilankhulo cha Turkish chinayambira zaka 90 zapitazo kupyolera mu mauthenga ndi kulimbikitsa mgwirizano wa zachuma pakati pa Gagauzia ndi Turkey.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti turzism, komabe, monga maulamuliro, alowa mukulankhulana kwa Gagauz (maulamuliro) lero.

Kulemba

Mpaka zaka za m'ma 1900 anthu a Gagauz analibe chilankhulo cholembedwa. Pokhapokha mu 1957 pa maziko a zilembo za Cyrilli zilembo za Gagauz zinalengedwa. Komabe, mu 1993 ku Moldova kunasankhidwa kumasulira malemba a Gagauzians m'Chilatini. Pachifukwa ichi, zilembozo zinali zozizwitsa malinga ndi chikhalidwe cha Turkey: makalata owonjezera A, E, T omwe anali ndi maina ena omwe adatchulidwa kuti adatchulidwe anawonjezeredwa. Komabe, ngakhale kusintha koteroko, zilembo za Gagauzian Cyrillic zinali zidagwiritsidwabe ntchito m'buku lofalitsa la 2012.

Vutoli liripobe mpaka lero. Mwachitsanzo, nyuzipepala ya Gagauz Hakikatan Sesi imasindikizidwa panthawi yomweyo m'Chilatini ndi Cyrillic. Sili ndi nkhani zokha, komanso nkhani, zolemba, ndakatulo m'chinenero cha Gagauz. Zonsezi zachitidwa kuti zisunge chinenero ndikuzisamutsira kwa anawo.

Mafoni a mafoni

Chikoka cha zilankhulo zoyandikana ndi Gagauzian chimamveketsedwa momveka bwino m'maofesi ake. Motero, makhalidwe a Balkan adadziwonetsera okha pakuwonekera kwa chiwonetsero cha khalidwe [a] ndi liwu la "e". Koma, mosiyana ndi zilankhulo za Moldavia ndi Chibulgaria, ku Gagauz mawu ofanana nawo nthawi zonse amasungidwa (ichi ndi chomwe chimatchedwa "chiwonongeko" ndi "kutseguka" kwa phokoso).

M'chilankhulo cha Gagauz, ma vowels awiri amatha kumapeto kwa zenizeni zopanda malire (mwachitsanzo, diamondi - tengani). Kuphatikizana kumeneku kunali zotsatira za kuzindikira mawu omaliza akuti "k" (kuyerekeza ndi ulendo: diamondi - kutenga).

Ponena za zilankhulo zomveka bwino, palinso zisonkhezero zakunja. M'chilankhulo cha Gagauz, kuphatikiza monga "bl", "br", "kr", "tr", "sl" kunawoneka, mawu akuti mawu amamasuliridwa anasintha, adakhala ofanana ndi zinenero zoyandikana nawo.

Vocabulary

Kuyandikana kwa zilankhulo za Gagauz ndi Turkish sikukhazikitsidwa kokha ndi malo oyandikana nawo ogulitsa awo m'mbuyomu, komanso chifukwa cha zifukwa zina. Mkonzi wa kusintha kwa chiyankhulo cha Turkish chinali Mustafa Ataturk. Iye ankafuna kuyeretsa dongosolo la Aarabu ndi kupitiriza. Kuti ndichite izi, ndinayenera kutembenuzira ku chinenero cha Gagauz, popeza chinali ngongole kwambiri poyerekeza ndi Ottoman Turkish. Choncho, chilankhulo cha Gagauzian chinakhala maziko abwino, chiyambi cha chinenero chamakono chamakono.

Komabe, sitiyenera kuganizira kwambiri momwe Gagauzian amaimira. Mawu, mwachitsanzo, masayansi, ovomerezeka ndi ogulitsa mafashoni anabwera kwa iye kuchokera ku Latin, Romanian, Turkish. Pakalipano, monga tanena kale, mphamvu yamphamvu imayendetsedwa ndi maSlavic.

Gagauz - Anthu a Orthodox. Ndipo, ndithudi, gawo lauzimu limasuliridwanso mu chinenero cha Gagauz. Dikishonale yachipembedzo ili ndi mapangano ambiri ndi Chigiriki ndi Chiarabu.

Mawu achimanja a Gagauzians amathandizidwa panthawi imodzimodzi ndi chithandizo cha mkati ndi kunja. Ambiri a ogwira ntchitowo amaimiridwa ndi zilembo za Chirasha-Gagauz, zomwe zimayankhulanso zinenero zina (Moldova, Chiyukireniya, Chibugariya, Chi Romania).

Zosangalatsa

• Mu 2010 bungwe la UNESCO linapereka "Atlas of Languages Endless Languages". Malinga ndi zomwe olemba analemba, pamapeto a theka la zana la ntchito lero lidzatha padziko lapansi. Chilankhulo cha Gagauz chinagweranso mu mndandanda wa "wakuda" uwu. Izi ziyenera kuchitika osati kokha kumangidwe kwa zilankhulidwe za zinenero, komanso kwa ochepa oyankhula. Komanso, ndikofunika kuganizira zaka zomwe zimakhalapo. Ngati oyimira a m'badwo wakale ndi ana awo adakali kukumbukira ndi kumvetsa chinenero chawo, ndiye zidzukulu siziriponso.
• Pofuna kusunga chinenero chawo, a Gagauzians anayambanso kusindikiza, anatulutsa dikishonale ya Russian-Gagauz pamasindikidwe ndi ma electronic. Pulogalamu yomweyo inakhudza gawo la maphunziro. Kuyesedwa koyenera ku sukulu yapamwamba tsopano kuli ndi ndemanga mu chinenero cha Gagauz.
• Kuwonjezera pamenepo, mu 2012, Union of Gagauzians inakhazikitsidwa. Cholinga chake ndi kugwirizanitsa oimira anthu ndikuonetsetsa kuti chitetezo chawo chili m'mbali zonse za moyo. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito pazochitika za chikhalidwe ndi zinenero. Pogwiritsa ntchito zochitika zapamwamba, misonkhano ya olemba ndi ndakatulo yolemba m'chinenero cha Gagauz, masewera a nyimbo, makanema a vidiyo amalembedwa.

• Ngakhale kulimbikira kwa anthu omwe akulankhula kuti asunge chinenero cha Gagauz, palibe womasulira mumtundu wotchuka wa Google. Ndipo kusintha kulikonse mu nkhaniyi sikuyembekezeredwa.
• Gagauzes adagwira katatu mu "Turkic Vision" (analog ya "Eurovision"). Malo apamwamba kwambiri, omwe adalowa m'dzikoli, - malo 10. Anali mu 2015, Valentin Ormangi, anachita nyimbo yakuti "Ndikonda, chikondi" mu Turkish. Chaka chatha, Maria Topal adachita. Nyimboyi mu chinenero cha Gagauz "Kulira" inamubweretsa yekha malo 16.
• Chilankhulo cha Balkan-Gagauz lerolino chimatengedwa kuti ndi chikhalidwe cha gajals zomwe zimakhala ku Balkan Peninsula. Amatchedwanso Gagauzians, koma kwenikweni iwo ndi anthu osiyana, ngakhale ali a nthambi ya Turkic. Komabe, a Ghajals amati ndi Chisilamu cha mtundu wa Sunni. Chilankhulo chawo chili ndi zilembo zisanu ndi zitatu, zomwe sizikumveka bwino. Ndipo chiwerengero cha oyankhula kumayambiriro kwa zaka zapitazi sichidapitirira anthu 15,000.