Chilungamo nthawi yomweyo - ndi chiyani?

Mfundo yopezeka pamsonkhanowu imayambitsa njira yokambirana ndi kuvomereza zipangizo za milandu ndi khoti. Malingana ndi Code Civil Procedure Code, makhoti a poyamba akuyang'ana mosamalitsa umboni wa milanduyo.

Tanthauzo la mfundo

Choncho, tiyeni tifotokoze mawu akuti "chidziwitso mwamsanga". Kuti mfundo iyi yofunikira yochitira umboni, yomwe imatsimikiziranso zoona zenizeni komanso mfundo zofunikira kuti aweruzidwe ndikupanga chisankho chodziwika bwino, zinafika poyera ngakhale pa nthawi ya malamulo achiroma. Zili ndi zigawo zotsatirazi:

• Khothilo limapanga chigamulocho, kudalira kokha umboni umene wabwalo la khoti akuwonetsa, chifukwa izi ndizo zowonetsetsa kuti chigamulo chomaliza chikhale chovomerezeka.
• Pofufuza momwe zinthu zilili, khotili liyenera kupeza chidziwitso kuchokera ku zowona. Poganizira nkhaniyi, makhothi a zoyambirira ayenera kulingalira mosamalitsa umboni wonse womwe ulipo: kumva umboni wa anthu omwe akugwira nawo ntchitoyi, umboni wawo, deta yofufuza, kufufuza umboni wa zinthu ndikuwerenga umboni wolembedwa. Ndizimene zimatsimikiziranso kuti nthawi yomweyo ndiyeso ndipo ndizofunikira kupanga chisankho choyenera.
• Pofufuza umboni wa milandu yonseyi, ndondomeko yoyendetsera milandu imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani pakuchita? Izi zikutanthauza kuti khoti likuyenera kudalira mokwanira pa zokambirana za khoti pazomwe zili zoyambirira, zomwe zimadziwika ndi zochitika zina, monga mauthenga a mboni, kufufuzidwa kwa anthu ozunzidwa ndi otsutsidwa, deta ya mayeso a akatswiri, mfundo zomwe amasonkhanitsa ndi kufufuza.

Chofunikira cha mfundo ya kudzidzimutsa pakagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa umboni woyambirira sizitanthauza konse kuti umboni wochokera kuzinthuwu ungathe kunyalanyazidwa. Umboni wotsimikiziridwa ukhoza kuwonjezera kapena kutsutsa choyambirira.

Kupatulapo ku mfundo

Musaiwale kuti muweruziro muli milandu ngati n'zosatheka kapena zosayenera kudziŵa bwino lomwe mfundo zenizeni za khoti.

Pazochitika zoterezi, malamulo ovomerezeka a immediacy ali ndi zina zambiri zomwe zimaperekedwa mu Civil Code.

Mwachitsanzo, pokhapokha ngati palibe umboni kapena munthu amene akupezekapo pa mlandu woweruza, khotili lingapereke chigamulo cha kafukufuku pa khoti lawo kapena malo okhala.

Mwamunayo akufunsidwa mafunso pamalo pomwe amakhala pokhapokha ngati sakulephera kuonekera kukhoti chifukwa cha kulemala kapena kuntchito, kuti athe kukhalapo pamsonkhanowo. Pankhaniyi, chidziwitso cha pulogalamu yamilandu chikuphatikizidwa pamlanduwu ndi zolemba zoyenerera za milandu.

Milandu ya umboni wosiyana, monga kufunsa mboni, kukhazikitsa ndi kufunsa mayeso, kubwezeretsa ndi kufufuza umboni ndi zolembazo musanayambe kufotokozera milandu ndi kuziganizira pazifukwa zoyenera, zidzakhala zosiyana ndi mfundoyi. Ndipo pakali pano, ndiye woweruza amene adzakumbukire mwachindunji, ngakhale pazochitika za ogwira ntchito a oweruza.

Kufufuza kwa aliyense payekha komanso kuntchito

Mfundo yopezeka pamsonkhanowo ikuonetsetsa kuti kupanga chisankho chidzakhazikitsidwa pokhapokha pazomwe zimapezeka kuchokera ku magwero omwe ali ndi chidziwitso, umboni umene wakhala ukutsimikiziridwa bwinobwino pamsonkhano wa khoti.

Poganizira nkhaniyi kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto kwa ndondomekoyi, malemba a oweruza ayenera kukhala osasintha. Kusinkhasinkha kumodzi kumapereka woweruza mmodzi nthawi yonse ya mulandu. Kutenga nawo mbali polemba ndondomeko yowonjezeramo chifukwa cha zotsatira za kulingalira - kusankha kapena kusankha - kungakhale oweruza okha omwe adachita nawo phunziroli. Pamene ntchito yoweruzayo kapena kukonza khoti ikuchotsedwa kapena ngati woweruza (kapena mmodzi wa oweruza) amachoka pazifukwa zomveka (ulendo wa bizinesi, matenda, ndi zina zotero), kukambirana kwa mlanduwu kumayambira pachiyambi. Apo ayi, woweruza watsopanoyo sangakhale ndi zofunikira zonse kuti awononge mlanduwu, ndipo kuweruzidwa kwaufulu sikudzawonedwe. Izi zimakhudza kutsimikizika kwa chisankho chomaliza kumveka kwa onse.

Kulungamitsidwa kwa ziweruzo

Bungwe la Civil Procedure Code limatanthauzira m'nkhani yapadera zomwe chigamulo chaweruziro chiri. Kuti izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti ufulu wa woweruza payekha kuunika kwake kuchokera ku malo a matupi a kufufuza ndi kufufuza umatsimikiziridwa ndi zaka mazana ambiri