Chivomezi mu Spitak mu 1988

zaka zoposa makumi awiri mphambu zisanu zapitazo (December 7, 1988) Armenia anagwedeza chivomezi amphamvu kwambiri Spitak, amene anali theka la ola inawonongedwa, ndi izo, ndi midzi 58 ozungulira. Zakhudzanso anthu zinthu Gyumri, Vanadzor, Stepanavan. Small kulephera anakhudzidwa midzi 20 pa 200 midzi yomwe ili pa mtunda ku malo omwe.

chivomezi

Pa malo omwewo pamaso chivomezi chinachitika - mu 1679, 1840 ndi 1931, koma iwo siinafike, ndipo mfundo 4. Ndipo mu 1988, m'chaka cha seismographs olembedwa kusinthasintha m'chigawo cha Spitak ndi m'madera 3.5 pa Richter lonse.

Chivomezi chomwe kwambiri Spitak, umene unachitika pa 7 December pokhazikitsa mfundo 10 pa panayambira (chilemba apamwamba mfundo 12). Mbali yaikulu ya dziko la poyera zodabwitsa mphamvu mfundo mpaka 6. Kumatikumbutsabe wa inagwedezeka anali kumvera mu Yerevan ndi Tbilisi.

Akatswiri ganizilani kuchuluka kwa tsoka, inanena kuti kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kumasulidwa ku matanthwe a pansi padziko, ndi khumi mabomba a atomiki Hiroshima. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti kuphulika yoweyula molambalala Earth, analembedwa m'maiko ambiri. Deta mu lipoti "Chivomerezi. Spitak, 1988" inanena kuti pamwamba chachikulu kusiyana ndi wofanana ndi makilomita 37 ndipo matalikidwe a kusamutsidwa ake anali pafupifupi kwa masentimita 170. chotupa zinachitika kwanuko unagawanika mbale tectonic si anaphimba pamene ngozi zivomerezi.

The lonse la tsoka

Kodi deta boma kufotokoza chivomezi chiyani? Spitak-1988 - ndi pafupifupi 30 zikwi akufa ndi anthu oposa 140 zikwi olumala. Chiwonongeko, kukhudza makampani ndi zomangamanga, monga zokhumudwitsa. Ena mwa iwo ndi 600 Km misewu, 230 mabizinezi mafakitale 410 mabungwe zachipatala. Ntchito anaimitsidwa ANPP.

Spitak chivomezi zingawonongeka yaikulu. The zachuma ya dziko anayamikira ake pafupifupi $ 15 biliyoni, ndipo chiwerengero cha anthu amene ali kuposa pafupifupi dziko ya anthu onse masoka achilengedwe. Akuluakulu Chiameniya pa nthawi sanathe kuchotsa zotsatira za tsokalo, ndi mayiko onse a dziko la Soviet Union ndi m'mayiko ambiri achilendo nawo ntchito yomweyo.

Kucotsa zotsatira: ubwenzi pakati pa anthu ndi zolinga zandale

Pa December 7, pa ngozi anaulukira madokotala amene akhoza kugwira ntchito m'munda usilikali, ndipo Owapulumutsa ku Russia. Kuwonjezera iwo, pa ngozi malo ndi dokotala ku United States, Great Britain, Switzerland ndi France. kupereka magazi ndi mankhwala aziwapatsa China, Japan ndi Italy, thandizo akuwonjezerekabe anachokera m'mayiko oposa 100.

December 10 pa zochitika za mavuto (tsopano anali mabwinja mmalo mwa mzinda chivumbulutso) anaulukira mutu wa USSR Mikhail Gorbachev. Chifukwa cha kuthandiza anthu ndi kulamulira ndondomeko kukwaniritsa ntchito yopulumutsa, iye anafupikitsa ulendo wake ku United States.

masiku awiri isanafike Gorbachev, December 8, analandira thandizo akuwonjezerekabe ku Sochi. The ndege anagwira zonse zofunika kuti tipulumutse akuvutika ndi ... ndi mabokosi. Yotsirizira sikokwanira.

Mabwalo Spitak sukulu anakhala heliport, zipatala, mortuaries ndi mfundo achoke imodzi.

Zimayambitsa tsoka ndi njira

Zifukwa anachititsa chiwonongeko chachikulu chifukwa chodabwitsa monga chivomerezi mu Spitak akatswiri kuitana mwadzidzidzi ndi chosakwanira ziyenera a Phokoso zivomerezi m'derali, kuipa pokonza malamulo ndi osauka khalidwe la chithandizo kumanga ntchito.

Chopambana Union anasiya zonse mphamvu zake, ndalama ndi ntchito, kuthandiza akuvutika chifukwa cha tsoka Spitak: yokha Republic anabwera ongodzipereka oposa 45 zikwi. Zikwizikwi maphukusi kuchokera konsekonse Soviet Union m'mudzi ndi midzi yapafupi monga thandizo anthu.

Komatu chidwi n'chakuti mu chaka 1987-1988 kuchokera m'mayiko Chiameniya kwenikweni pansi mfuti mfuti anatulutsa Azerbaijanis, Asilamu Russian. Anthu mutu ndi magalimoto awo wosweka, amamenyedwa ndi kuphedwa ndi kuchipilalacho mu chimneys, yosalekerera pamene kapena akazi kapena ana. Mu buku, wolembayo Sanubar Sarally "akuba mbiri. Kupululutsa "ndi anafikapo nkhani zochitika. Wolemba limanena kuti Armenia okha kuyitana tsoka chilango Spitak Mulungu kwa misdeeds awo.

anthu Chiazebajani komanso nawo pakagwa tsoka Anapereka kwa Spitak ndi m'mizinda yambiri padziko luso mafuta, ndi mankhwala. Komabe, Armenia wakana thandizo lawo.

Spitak chivomerezi chimene chakhala chizindikiro cha mgwirizano wa mayiko pa nthawi zoona, anatsimikizira fraternal ubwenzi pakati pa anthu a USSR.

Pamaso kuyambira 1988

Chivomezi mu Spitak anapereka kutsogolera woyamba kulengedwa kwa gulu kulosera, kupewa ndi liquidation zinthu mwadzidzidzi chiyambi achilengedwe. Choncho, pambuyo miyezi khumi ndi ziwiri, mu 1989, izo mwalamulo ananena chiyambi cha ntchito za bungweli pa mwadzidzidzi lonse boma, kuyambira 1991 pamene Unduna wa Zochitika Emergency la Chitaganya cha Russia.

Spitak pambuyo chivomezi - ndi zotsutsana koma zimaŵaŵa kwa dziko. Papita pafupi zaka 27 kuyambira tsokalo, komanso kudzera zambiri, Armenia akadali rebounding. Pakuti 2005, pafupifupi 9000 mabanja amene ankakhala ku chipinda popanda zogwiritsa ntchito.

Pokumbukira ovutikawo

Tsiku 7 December - Tsiku la maliro anthu amene anaphedwa Ronaldo, analengeza boma. Pakuti Armenia ndi tsiku mvula. Mu December 1989, Union timbewu anapereka atatu ruble ndalama mwa chikumbutso cha Spitak chivomezi. zaka 20 pambuyo pake, mu 2008, m'tauni yaing'ono ya Gyumri unachitikira kutsegula kwa chipilala cha anamangidwa ndi anthu. Iwo ankatchedwa "amachitidwa wosalakwa, mitima wachifundo" ndi inapatulidwa amene akhudzidwa onse amene anavutika Spitak 12.07.1988.