Cholembera: ndichiyani? Chifukwa ntchito cholembera?

Chojambula - ndondomeko zovuta ndi zina zabwino zambiri, chimene chimafuna zida zenizeni. Mmodzi wa iwo - cholembera. Kodi ndi mmene ntchito, pansipa.

Kodi?

Poyamba, mawu ali ndi matanthauzo awiri. The choyamba - ndi "cholembera-chofukizira kwa otsogolera." The chachiwiri - "chosinthika cholembela, mungathe kujambula." Mbali yoyamba mu dziko la kujambula mwachilungamo kawirikawiri kuyambira n'kosavuta kupeza cholembera bwino. Pachifukwa ichi tsopano cholembera - kujambula chida mizere inki.

Malinga mtundu wa zimawoneka ngati ziri mu njira zambiri, koma dongosolo ambiri ofanana. Kawirikawiri chogwirira izi pulasitiki wolimba kapena zitsulo, zimene chili kwenikweni. Iwo akhoza alibe kapena ayi, yopangidwa ndi zisulo zosiyanasiyana, koma Mulimonsemo, payenera kukhala nati zazing'ono zimene zimagwirizira tiwiri pointy mbale. kusintha ake amakhudza makulidwe a mzere, amene analandira pambuyo lembani lisaoneke.

zida nkhani

Cholembera kupangidwa m'zaka XVIII. Panthawiyo iye anali kuvomerezedwa akonzedwa kupanga mapu zolondola ndi zojambula - zida kujambula. Icho chinali chida patsogolo kuti amalola kuti bwino kukhazikitsa chithunzi kutero.

Pa chiyambi cha XX m'ma izo kwambiri bwino. The sangathe wa chida ndichoti munali ovuta ndi inki, iye nthawi zonse zinatha, inayenda ndi zina zotero. Zinali kuthana deficiencies izi analengedwa rapidograph - chida ndi makatiriji replaceable ndi inki ya awiri ena.

Tsopano cholembera amene chithunzi mukhoza kuona pang'ono apamwamba, osati wotchuka mu mabwalo a chithunzicho, koma ndi zofunika kwa zojambula, Zilembozo zinkasonyeza, iconography ndi zina luso.

Mafomu chida amatchedwa "cholembera"

Kodi izo ndi amene anapanga izo, ife kale anachita nawo. Tsopano izo ziyenera kuti pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipangizo. Njirazi ndi monga:

• kujambula cholembera ndi mutu umodzi wina lathyathyathya mzere pa nthawiyo;
• Wapawiri cholembera ndi mitu iwiri lokhazikika kwa magulu awiri ofanana kwa kulowa;
• krivonozhka - cholembera ndi mutu makina amene amalola mizere yokhota kumapeto a dongosolo la angakhalenso awiri;
• zozungulira, imene mutu kujambula ndi mbali ya cholembera kampasi chojambula;
• zikhoza kukhala liniya, mpeni, ngati kapena lakuda masaya - zooneka mutu.

Cholembera, amene ali pansipa chithunzi - akale chida amene kapangidwe zasintha yekha mkubwela rapidograph.

Kodi ntchito?

Gwiritsani ntchito chida kuti ntchito zosiyanasiyana zojambulajambula. Lembani lonse ndithu, monga mizere bwino kwa makulidwe ena pamafunika zinthu zambiri. Njirazi ndi monga:

• chilengedwe zithunzi Mwachitsanzo, mapulani a nyumba;
• chifukwa ntchito ndi pepala mapu topographic;
• delineation wa kalembedwe ena a zojambula, kujambula Kandachime manga (okhala Japanese);
• mu zithunzi, mwachitsanzo kampira vectorization;
• zambiri.

N'chifukwa chake mafunso okhudza chida ichi ngati cholembera - ndichiyani ndi momwe ntchito - ndi zofunika kuti kudzinenera zambiri, kwa omanga ndi Mlengi wa kutha azithunzithunzi.

tsatanetsatane ntchito

Kuyang'ana cholembera, chimene icho chiri, inu mukhoza kumvetsa bwino. Malinga ndi matabwa ake ndi makhalidwe, pali ena mokoma ntchito yake, zomwe ndi zofunika kwa onse zojambula komanso ntchito zojambulajambula.

Choyamba, chida cha asungike molunjika. Izi zachitika kuti pamwamba kapena pansi si anapanga mzere wosweka. Ngati inu ingapendame chida kwambiri mu njira ya m'modzi wa mbale kukhudza pepala mabasi kuti atsogolere ndi mavuto osafunika. Makamaka izo nkhawa zojambula cholembera ndi makina mutu - ayenera kusuntha mosamalitsa perpendicular pepala kujambula, kapena mbali kusuntha akhoza sayenera "pitani" pa pamapindikira anapatsidwa.

Chachiwiri, panafunika ntchito bwino luso. Kukachititsa mzere wolunjika kotero inki si podtekli wolamulira kapena palibe zinawafutapo ndi mafunde zosafunika kwa nthawi yoyamba kovuta. Drafts ayenera aphunzitsidwe ndi kuganizira, ndi pamenepo pokha tichoke ku chiyambi.

Chachitatu, mizere wandiweyani akukopeka zovuta. Imachitika bwino mizere iwiri n'kakang'ono mwa malire chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi mwa mkombero yotakata, ndiye pakati ladzala ndi inki ntchito burashi kapena zina chida ofanana.

Pankhaniyi, chochitika zambiri linalake, azisangalala amasangalala ndi okhulupirika adzakhala kujambula.

fillers

Thirani mtunda pakati pa mbale mu cholembera mwina fillers zosiyanasiyana. Ziwerengero boma, amaonekera pa zimene zinachitikira ndi alendo. makulidwe ena analandira pamene mzere uli sanakonzekere zikuchokera.

Childs, mascara izi akamavutika mu drafting mizere bwino wakuda. ntchito zochepa wamba mu kujambula kupenta cholembera mtundu amafuna kuthira utoto. Nkofunika kusunga kugwirizana kwa kapangidwe, kotero kuti sanali kufalikira ku chida, musati kugwa pansi mzere ndi sanali kusokoneza chifukwa komaliza. The vuto n'zosiyana ndi zotheka, pamene, chifukwa mzere wakuda kwambiri filler sizigwira ntchito pa onse, chifukwa satulukamo pa pepala.

Care la chida

Pakuti chida champhamvu zojambula ndi kofunika kupitiriza mu dongosolo langwiro. Kuchita izi, nthawi iliyonse ntchito mosamala kuyeretsa cholembera, ndi kugwira ntchito njira:

• Sambani ndi sopo ndi madzi, ndiye ndi mowa;
• mbale ayenera kukhala zofanana kutalika;
• makulidwe awo ayenera kukhala yemweyo akhale ndi mfundo zokwanira woonda, pafupifupi tsitsi, chida akhoza wakuthwa yekha kunja;
• ntchito chromium okusayidi kupukuta kunja ndi mkati mbali mosamala kwambiri, ndiyeno pang'onopang'ono kusamalira wakuthwa m'mphepete.

kukonza zonse kudzakuthandizani kuti chifukwa zabwino kwenikweni. Patsogolo ntchito ndi buku loyera bwino kuchita angapo mizere mayeso pa chidutswa zidutswa za pepala kuonetsetsa magawo zolondola mzere.

Cholembera - chida cha zojambula ndi kupenta. Anafuna chinthu sayansi ndi zojambulajambula, limene, ngati ntchito bwino woyenera adzakupatsani zotsatira mkulu khalidwe.