Classic mitundu ya sheya

A chitetezo - analemba, kukopedwa pa mawonekedwe ovomerezeka komanso ndi chitetezo counterfeiting, amene certifies ufulu chuma, patsogolo pa ulaliki wake. Malinga ndi wotetezedwa kumanja kuonetsetsa mitundu ya sheya.

The sheya okha kudziwa ufulu malo omwe ngati ufulu wokatenga malipiro Uwerenge anati ndalama izo, kulanda katundu, etc. Kulanda ufulu mu sheya sizingatheke popanda kulanda ndi zikalata okha.

The mitundu ikuluikulu ya sheya ali motere: kumangidwa, mgwirizano boma, macheke, ngongole, ndalama satifiketi, kalata ya gawo, gawo, ndalama kubanki buku mtumiki, ndi wamba wa pepala.

Pa nzika za mitundu lamanja la sheya amadziŵika: anawawerenga, wonyamula, kuyitanitsa.

sheya Mwalamulo chofunika eni ali ndi chidziwitso cha munthu makamaka amene ali ndi chitetezo. Onse katundu ufulu pa izo mwini yekha dzina lake nkhope yake. Zikuphatikizapo olembetsedwa magawo, mgwirizano, zikalata zoikizira ndalama, etc.

The wonyamula sheya sizisonyeza munthu winawake, ndipo ufulu onse kwa iwo a kwa mwini wake weniweni. Izi zikalata ankanena kuwina lotale matikiti, ndalama ndi banki wonyamula zikalata, wonyamula kumangidwa, etc.

The chilolezo-sheya akusonyeza munthu amene ali oyenera kulandira katundu ufulu. Chofukizira kwa chilolezo cha pepala kumusonyeza ufulu paokha, kapena udindo munthu wina.

Chikhalidwe ndi mitundu ya sheya atsimikiziridwa pa zifukwa zambiri. Choyamba muyenera kudziwa kuti magulu awiri aakulu mu dziko: zikuluzikulu ndi ena ofanana.

Olemekezeka otchedwa sheya, liwulo katundu ufulu ndi chuma ena (ndalama, likulu, katundu, chuma, chuma, etc.). Nawonso mapepala waukulu anawagawa-magulu boma mwatsatanetsatane ndiwo zikalata za pulaimale ndi sekondale. Pulayimale zochokera katundu amene sali m'gulu sheya chawo (zanyumba, m'matangadza, mgwirizano, zolemba, ndi zina zotero.). Sheya kuti sekondale amapangidwa pa maziko a pulayimale ndi zikalata ndi masheya (monga malisiti depositary, linalamula, etc.).

Pali mitundu yambiri ya sheya kuti akusiyana anapatsidwa malinga ndi zopalira ufulu ndi issuers. Mogwirizana ndi awa mitundu tingachipeze powerenga za sheya.

Bill - udindo ndalama za ngongole za analemba za kubweranso kwa ngongole, amene mwalamulo malamulo malamulo kuwombola.

Kampeni - ndi zopereka umodzi choyambirira likulu gawo, anapanga olowa katundu kampani, ufulu mtumiki ndi malamulo.

Mgwirizano - ngongole udindo wa khalidwe limodzi, ndilo zimatsimikizira kubwerera kwa ndalama patapita nthawi zina ndi malipiro a ndalama mwalamulo ena kapena popanda izo.

Bill wonyamulira katundu - mayiko mgwirizano mawonekedwe unazunguliridwa mu kutumiza, amene certifies ndi potsegula katundu, mayendedwe ake ndi ufulu kulandira.

Bank satifiketi - kalata ya ndalama ndalama (chuma) gawo kubanki, imene undertakes yamasika kupereka chopereka kwa chidwi anakhazikitsa patapita nthawi zina ya mgwirizano.

Chongani - kuti cheke issuer analembera banki kulipira ena chekopoluchatelyu zalembedwa ndalama.

Kalata ya gawo - chikalata certifies lamanja la chofukizira cha kuchuluka kwa chuma, yemwe anayambitsa kubanki, ndipo ufulu wa chofukizira satifiketi thandizo mu nthawi yoikidwiratu imene kuchuluka gawo ndi chidwi pomwepo.

Wamba cheke - chandamale boma chitetezo chofunika kusamutsa wamba chinthu (magawo, magawo, chuma) kwa anthu.

Izi mitundu ya sheya ndi ambiri kuchita.