Cuba chosintha Raúl Castro: yonena, zithunzi

Raúl Castro woimirira wa banja lodziwika bwino Cuba, munthu amene amalenga nkhani yofunika kwambiri anthu. Cuba moyo kusintha zikomo kwa zaka zoposa 50 ntchito. yonena Raúl Castro ya moyo wake inextricably zogwirizana ndi mbiri ya dziko lino dzuwa, - chitsanzo wabwino wa wandale amene amakhala ndi zofuna za boma.

Childhood ndi Banja

June 3, 1931 ku banja la mwinimunda Cuba anali mwana - Raúl Castro. Atate - Angel Castro Argis anali timapepala yaikulu ya dziko limene iwo kukula nzimbe, zimene zinabweretsa iye ndalama yabwino. Amayi, Lina Ruz Gonzalez, - wophika yosavuta. Onse a iwo anali osaphunzira, wokwatira kamodzi kokha anaonekera mu banja la ana asanu. Koma ana onse maphunziro ndi kuphunzira kukonda kwawo. Onse m'banjamo anali ndi ana asanu, Raúl anayamba wachinayi, iye anali ndi abale ina 2 ndi 4 alongo. mkazi woyamba bambo ake anali ndi ana asanu, kotero mnyamata abale ambiri. Junior Castro anaphunzira ku sukulu Akatolika, choyamba Santiago de Cuba, kumene anachotsedwa pamodzi ndi abale ake, ndipo kenako mu Havana, anamaliza koleji wachikatolika.

zaka wamng'ono

Mu 1948, pa University of Havana pali latsopano wophunzira - Raúl Castro. Photos in achinyamata ali wachinyamata aliyense ndi maso moto, iye anali wotchuka chifukwa impulsivity ndi radicalism. The University Raúl anaphunzira sayansi chikhalidwe ndi BOMA, amadziwa zimenezi ndi wofunika kwambiri kwa iye kenako. Ngakhale kuti ankaphunzira mediocre. Monga wophunzira, Raúl membala wa gulu wophunzira, iye limodzi ndi lingaliro zokomera, ndipo ngakhale limodzi ndi Socialist Party. Pamodzi ndi mchimwene wake Fidel, anachita nawo zitsanzo wophunzira zionetsero potsutsana ndi ulamuliro wa Batista. DZIWANI kumbuyo maganizo ake leftist amalimbikitsa maganizo mtundu.

Mu 1952, mphamvu mu Cuba kamodzi anapitiriza wopondereza Batista, amene anali amapereka mwa likulu American ndi kunyalanyaza zokonda dziko la dziko, kulipangitsa kukhala protectorate wa United States. Iye anaswa kucheza zamtendere ndi Soviet Union, lomwe pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, mabungwe anakhazikitsa, anayamba kukhala ndi lolimba malamulo ovomereza-American, ku Cuba ku US misa katundu wa mankhwala pafupi kanthu, anthu kwadzaoneni. Zinabweretsa misa kusakhutira, makamaka pakati pa achinyamata, amene onse a Raúl Castro. Abale Castro otchuka mu olimbanawo kumasulidwa kuyenda. Mu 1953, gulu la ophunzira kutsogoleredwa ndi Fidel ndi m'bale wake Raúl yokhudza ankafuna analanda nyumba Moncada ku Santiago, koma amalephera. Part mwa opandukawo anagwidwa, kuphatikizapo Raúl, yemwe analamulidwa chifukwa kwa zaka 15 m'ndende. Koma mu 1955 pansi Amnesty ndi unachitika pa mavuto onse, onse Castro akumasulidwa.

Kukwera

Raúl Castro, amene yonena ndi litadzala ndi malingaliro chosintha ndi zochitika kuyambira zaka zoyambilira za ganizo za tsogolo la dziko lake, iye Sanataye chiyembekezo kuona Cuba ufulu ndiponso wabwino. Titachoka kundende, Fidel ndi Raúl kusiya kwa Mexico poopa chokana. Pali wamkulu Castro walunjika kayendedwe "July 26" pambuyo zochitika za 1953. Ndipo Raúl zimayesetsa ntchito mabodza, kutsatira kutchulidwa maganizo ovomereza ndi zomwe, pamene Fidel anali wothandiza za ndondomeko zolimbitsa mtundu.

Panthawi imeneyi, Raúl anakumana Ernesto Suntuke Guevara amatsogolera m'bale wake mu gulu limodzi, kupanga maziko a mphamvu yandale yatsopano yomasulira Cuba. mbali ambiri Castro anaphedwa pa kupondereza. Pa nthawi iyi mu Cuba kupha ndale ndi kuzunza anali ponseponse. Koma gulu otsala a anthu 12 December 1956 pa yatchi chobisa mozemba ku Cuba, akuswa misasa Sierra Maestra mapiri ndipo kumeneko anayamba kuchita yogwira zigawenga nkhondo.

Iwo anakhazikitsa bungwe mndandanda wa kunyanyala mu dziko, m'chaka cha 1957 mu Castro asilikali - anthu zikwi zingapo, iye anatsogolera nkhondo zonse ndi asilikali a boma. Fundo mu dziko, zikomo kuyesetsa kulimbikitsa, kuphatikizapo Raúl Castro, anali kukula. Mu 1957 gulu olimbanawo anaukira okhala pulezidenti ku Havana, anakonza masewera a akazi amene akufuna kuletsa kupha. Mantha Batista mwamsanga akulengeza "demokalase" zisankho zomwe phungu kutsogolera mokomera protege wake. Koma anthu kumvetsa zidule ake ndi kusankha akubwera. Nkhawa za vutoli, boma la United States anaganiza zoti asachoke Batista ku Spain, kumene mudzagona onse a moyo. Ndipo Cuba, 1 January, 1959 asilikali, otsogozedwa ndi abale Castro, anatenga Havana ndipo analengeza woukira boma kusintha boma.

m'bale wotchuka

Cuba chosintha Raúl Castro, moyo wake wonse umakhudza mchimwene wake Fidel. Iwo anali limodzi, nkhondo yomenyera, pamodzi anakweza dziko atagwa wopondereza Batista. Pankhaniyi, Raúl adalapa chiyambi cha maganizo chikominisi ndipo anali pa mkulu wa ndi mphamvu ndi kuchibweretsa icho kubwerera pambuyo ndi mfundo imeneyi. Raúl analibe wachikoka choncho sanafune kuti zatenga malo oyamba mu gulu ndi dziko. Iye mosavuta anapereka udindo wa woyamba zeze mkulu Castro, koma wakhala chitetezo chodalirika kwa m'bale. Kenako anakhala munthu, kukhazikitsa kugwirizana ndi Soviet Union, amene anathandiza kuwuka dziko. Pakati pa abale nthaŵi zonse ubale wabwino ngakhale nthawi zina anali kukangana za njira tsogolo la dziko.

kukhala ndondomeko

Pambuyo chigonjetso cha ulimi mu Cuba, Raúl Castro ankaganiza kulamulira m'chigawo cha Oriente. Fidel sanabadwe ankafuna kuti atchule m'bale wake echelons zapamwamba mphamvu monga mng'ono amoto ndi Pamilunguyo malingaliro kwambiri kwakukulu. Raúl watenga otsogolera wa m'baleyo ndi werera iye, umachitika mu malo malamulo ake ndipo ngakhale chinkhoswe mu chiwonongeko cha adani ake.

Raúl Kastro konse adampereka maganizo ake zokomera ndi Pang'onopang'ono ndi mchimwene kukopa. Mu February 1959, Fidel Castro azigwira malo a mtsogoleri wa boma, ndi Castro wamng'ono amakhala mutu wa asilikali a dziko. Anayamba kuyenda Utumiki wa Chiwukirano onyamula Mphamvu mu okwana pa 49 zaka, iyi ndi mbiri dziko kwa kutalika kukhala pa malo ofanana. khama Cuba asilikali ake wakula kwa anthu zikwi 50, zilibe kokha chitetezo cha dziko, komanso anatenga gawo mu kumasulidwa kuyenda mu Ethiopia ndi Angola.

ntchito ndale

Fidel Castro, pa nthawi, adalira kwambiri kwa mng'ono wake, ndipo iye umatsegula njira osati makonzedwe a asilikali, komanso kupereka mphamvu zambiri zandale. Mu 1961, Raúl anakhala wachiwiri kwa wapampando wa bungwe la Central Planning, kumene amagwira ntchito ndi comrade wake wakale Suntuke Guevara. Mu 1962 iye ankagwira ntchito ngati mlembi lachiwiri la kasamalidwe wa United Chiwukirano mabungwe. Popeza 1963, anakhala munthu wachiwiri pambuyo Fidel mu United Party wa Socialist utasintha la Cuba. Pamene kuyesetsa kwake chipani anadzatchedwa ndi Communist, maganizo ake inakhala maziko a boma mfundo. Mu 1965, iye akulowa Committee chapakati cha Cuba Party Communist, mutu wa ntchito ya zachitetezo ndi chitetezo boma. Popeza 1962, Raúl Castro, ndi kazembe wapampando wa boma, kenako anadzatchedwa kuti kazembe woyamba, ndiye kazembe wapampando wa Bungwe la State zoona, unakhalabe munthu wachiwiri boma pa zaka za ulamuliro wa Fidel. Zinali kazembe womwewo wa National Assembly Mphamvu Anthu kwa zaka 25. Komanso, Raúl anali zimayesetsa mfundo yachilendo ndi chuma cha boma. Kuti iye anakumana ndi utsogoleri wa Soviet Union kuti kugwirizananso ndi kuti kuchita fraternal kwa latsopano Bomali, wakhala anayambitsa pochepetsa ndi zopinga zachuma pa zomwe zokopa alendo, zagwiridwa ndi kukonza ulimi. The gawo ndalama ya dziko la pafupi kwathunthu subordinated kuti Raúl.

Mutu wa boma

Mu 1997, Fidel Castro kwa nthawi yoyamba pa Congress Party a Cuba dzina lake Raúl m'malo mwake zotheka. Monga wamkulu Castro ankakula, mphamvu koposa anapuma pa mapewa a mng'ono. Mu 2006, Fidel Castro anapanga ntchito kwambiri, ndi ulamuliro kulamulira dziko mongoyembekezera koma Mwamseri kuika Raúl Castro. Health mkulu m'bale poipa kwambiri, sanali anaonekera pagulu. Mu January 2008, ndi chisankho aphungu, imene Castro wamng'ono akudutsa 1 peresenti wa m'bale wake. Mu February 2008, Fidel mwalamulo analengeza yosiya wake ku malo dziko loyamba. February 24, 2008, Raúl Castro, chithunzi chimene mwadzidzidzi anawuluka pamwamba pa TV onse a dziko, anakhala pulezidenti wa Cuba.

Kusintha Cuba

Pulezidenti wa mtundu watsopano, wokonzanso - ngati achipongwe okwana atolankhani latsopano pulezidenti Raúl Castro. mfundo Cuba pamene amaloŵamo kusintha kwambiri. Choyamba, iye zimayesetsa kulipira asapita yachilendo, Mwakumana ndi atsogoleri Latin American anabwera Moscow ndipo ngakhale ananena wokonzeka kukumana ndi Pulezidenti ndi misonkhano imeneyi unachitika mu 2015. Mu 2009, US amachotsa zofunikila pa umembala Cuba ku Bungwe Loona za American States ayamba mfundo easing bwino pakati pa US ndi Cuba. Zimenezi zimabweretsa chakuti anachotsa embargo pa katundu Cuba ku United States, amapereka flights pakati pa mayiko. Pa nthawi yomweyo mu Cuba, ziletso wotopa, akufotokozera mavuto azachuma, njira yothetsera vutoli, Raúl Castro anati ntchito yake yaikulu. Iye akugwirizira nambala ya kusintha owolowa manja kuti amalola mafoni kwa anthu a dziko, zimathandiza alimi okha kutifotokozera zolinga za kulima mbewu zosiyanasiyana, akuyesera kuti akope alendo ndi ndalama mu chuma, amalola privatize nyumba pagulu. Moyo pang'onopang'ono kuyamba kumanga, ngakhale mavuto ndi mutsogoleli wadziko ndipo dziko akadali kwambiri. Mu 2013, anthu a Cuba kuti Raúl kachiwiri udindo utsogoleri wa dziko lake.

maulemu

Pa moyo wake, Raúl Castro walandira mphoto zambiri, wolemekezeka kwambiri ndiye mutu wa Hero wa Republic, dongosolo la Maksimo Gomesa, Camilo Cienfuegos, mutu wa womenya lachipulumutso ndi zigawenga nkhondo, ndi Soviet Union Order: Lenin ndi ya October kuukira boma, dongosolo la mpingo Orthodox thandizo pomanga makachisi .

Castro ndi utsogoleri kalembedwe

States Raúl Castro anatuluka monga mtsogoleri nkhondo chosintha. Iye anali wolemekezeka mu unyamata chinthu chimodzimodzi wake ndi intransigence. Moyo ndi pang'ono anasintha mtima wake, koma iye mtsogoleri authoritarian amene salola otsutsana sankalimbana nafe kuteteza maganizo awo. Panthawiyo, Raúl wakhala membala yogwira kupondereza Fidel Castro, ndipo ulemerero wa mtsogoleri zikuluzikulu ndi akuzisunga.

Banja ndi ana

Raúl Castro, amene moyo ndi chidwi kwambiri pa TV ndi anthu amene moyo wake wonse ndi mkazi amene anakumana unyamata wake. Back mu 1956, msasa kudzikweza mapiri wakumana mwana wa ulamuliro wa mowa ndi Vilma Espin. Achinyamata ogwirizana ndi chikondi cha dziko ndi lingaliro ambiri. Mu 1959, iwo anakwatirana ndi moyo limodzi mpaka imfa yake mu 2007. Iye logwira ntchito m'dera mu dziko, anachita ntchito ya dona kuyamba Fidel anakwatiwa kwa mkazi wake. Banjalo ana anayi. mwana wawo Mariela Castro ndi womenyera ufulu kutetezela ufulu wa ing'onoing'ono kugonana.