Dokotala mliri amabisa manja awo. Bwanji Mng'oma wa chigoba cha dokotala mliri?

Mliri - matenda loopsa anapha anthu mamiliyoni ambiri mu Ages Middle ndipo anasiya chizindikiro pa pofuna kukwaniritsa chitukuko, makamaka ku Europe.

Nkhumba ali ndi nyama zing'onozing'ono monga makoswe ndi woodchucks. Ngakhale lero kudzakhalire nthawi kubuka, makamaka kumadera osauka, ponseponse ndi uve komanso kuchuluka kwa makoswe.

Mwamwayi, tsopano ndi matenda mofulumira ndi kuchiza nthenda bwino anasankha kuzunzidwa pamodzi kukumana ndi mavuto pang'ono kapena ayi ya munthu aliyense.

An chizindikiro kukoma mu mbiri ya anthu

Kutchula koyamba za mliri masiku mliri kumbuyo zaka 551-580, ndipo amatchedwa 'Justinian mliri. Egypt anakhala cholinga cha zosayembekezereka, ndipo kenako matenda yafalikira kuti pafupifupi kutukuka dziko lonse la nthawi imeneyo. ovutikawo anali pafupifupi 100 miliyoni anthu.

Komabe, pamene akulankhula za mliri, nthawi zambiri akuganiza za mliri zoopsa m'zaka 14. The Black Death, lolembedwa ku China, zinawonongedwa ndi anthu atatu alionse ku Ulaya.

Nthawi imeneyi, ndipo panali amasankha ntchito, monga dokotala mliri. Dokotala ameneyu, amene ntchito kunali kwa chithandizo cha odwala matenda nthendayo. Pofuna matenda, madokotala anavala suti wapadera zodzitetezera fano mwina bwino kwa anthu ambiri.

Choyamba, suti umadziwika ndi chigoba ndi 'mulomo, amene, mwa njira, kenako anachita mbali yofunika kwambiri mu chikhalidwe European. Iwo anayamba buku la comedies Italy wa Kubadwa Kwatsopano, ndipo anakhala zinachitika ya maonekedwe ena Venetian.

Medicine mu dziko akale

Kumene, mankhwala ku Ulaya anali osasamalika kwambiri ndipo analibe mankhwala okwanira kuti ngakhale losavuta matenda, chimene chiri chifukwa amafa anali amphamvu kwambiri, ndi moyo ndi yaing'ono kwambiri. kupambana onse a Ufumu wa Roma, madokotala wawaiwala, ndi dziko anayamba kumira kachiwiri miliri ndi mliri.

Chifukwa njira zokayikitsa ndiponso operewera maganizo a anthu kwa dokotala zinali osokoneza. Komabe, ndi kufika cha mliri sakanachitira mwina kwenikweni.

Woyamba mliri dokotala

Papa Clement 6, woyamba kukhazikitsa malo amenewa, monga dokotala mliri. Madokotala anayamba kuyang'ana kwa mankhwala matenda, ndi zambiri, anapeza njira ofooka, kapena anatha kusonyeza patsogolo kuonekera. Choncho ntchito imeneyi posakhalitsa anakhala wotchuka kwambiri ndi kwambiri analipira.

Choncho, potengera mbiri ya malipiro mliri dokotala nthawi 4 malipiro a dokotala wamba.

Chithandizo chachikulu anali kutuluka magazi imfa wakuda, cauterization kapena kudula mliri achule utagwa kuphatikana, achule ndi adakali bwinobwino zimene kwa malo matenda. Antiseptics sanali mu masiku amenewo.

suti

Mliri dokotala zovala mmene lilili, anaonekera mu 1619, ndipo anatulukira dokotala wake chiyambi French koma Charles Abisalomu. Chobvala anapanga chikopa limaoneka ndi zida. Amaphatikiza:

• amabisa '' mulomo '';
• yaitali, bondo-kutalika copfunda;
• zolimba mathalauza;
• Magolovesi;
• nsapato;
• chipewa.

Panali luso lapadera kuti akwaniritse bwinobwino ntchito mliri dokotala ake chigoba. Ndi manja ake kupanga chigoba n'zokayikitsa choncho, chidachitika ndi anthu ophunzitsidwa mwapadera.

ndi mulomo chigoba

Amabisa ndi mulomo, iwo ankakhulupirira, maganizo awo ayenera kuwopseza matenda. Komabe, zinali zambiri zinchito potsegula, ndicho kuteteza dokotala ku chonunkha ankalingalira mozungulira, amene zinawukhira ndi madokotala chizolowezi. Pa nsonga ya mlomo anaika zitsamba wapadera ndi fungo amphamvu. Mlomo anali azisiyana, kuyambira dokotala nthawi zonse fodya ameneyu amatafunidwa adyo, chigoba kuteteza ena fungo adyo.

Mphuno ndi makutu awo anayikidwa ubweya ndi zofukiza. Komanso, chigoba anatenga chikho Ikani kuti kuteteza maso.

Chidwi mfundo izi: yamaula wotchuka Nostradamus ntchito dokotala mliri.

mliri dokotala zovala mu nthawi yathu

Mliri dokotala zovala otchuka ndi kuzindikira masiku ano. Choncho, zipani zambiri zovala, kapena maholide ngati Halloween fano la dokotala akale adzayang'ana kwambiri. Osati kutchula chuma zosiyanasiyana ed.

N'chifukwa chake nthenda dokotala chigoba, zopangidwa ndi manja ake, kudzakhala kothandiza kwambiri tsogolo la ntchito kukolola. N'zotheka m'njira zosiyanasiyana ndipo ambiri, n'zosavuta ndi sikutanthauza luso mwachindunji. Pali njira zambiri limene angalandire chidwi kwambiri chigoba mliri dokotala.

manja ake kuchita chitsanzo cha polakwitsalakwitsa, kusankha mawonekedwe ankafunila ka mlomo wa. chigoba onse ayenera kuja. Sizipanga mulomo ndi aatali kwambiri kapena lakuda.

Chigoba cha pepala

Mwachitsanzo, mliri dokotala chigoba ndi manja ake pa pepala ndi pulayimale. Mwachidule kutenga A3 kukula pepala kapena A4 pepala 2. Kenako, kudula amachepetsa awiri a chigoba na mulomo yaitali, gawo mazunzo a pambali. Onse zomatira ndi zomatira tepi.

Kumata ndi woonda mphira gulu kuti chigoba akhoza kuvala. Ngati n'koyenera, kujambula izo mu zakuda kapena mtundu wina uliwonse.

Ndichititsa mliri dokotala chigoba zopangidwa papier-mache

Mliri dokotala chigoba, manja a papier-mâché anapanga, zidzakhala molimbira kwambiri chifukwa sankayembekezera kuposa pepala chabe.

Muyenera:

• lakuthwa mpeni;
• polystyrene;
• pepala amabisa chimake yapita;
• zomatira;
• chimbudzi pepala;
• nyuzipepala.

Choncho, midadada polystyrene awiri, m'lifupi mwake za 7 masentimita iliyonse. Choyamba, tiyenera mawonekedwe woyenera. Tiyeni midadada ena chigoba semblance. Kuti tichite zimenezi, chabe poyera pepala Baibulo pa polystyrene. Kenako, pogwiritsa ntchito mpeni mukakumana wagawo, nawapatsa maonekedwe a amachepetsa wa chigoba cha.

Kumata ndi amachepetsa awiri ndi ulimbo. Tikuyembekezera mphindi zochepa mpaka Dries chigoba. Ndiyeno angaimbidwenso pamwamba kotero kuti amakhala ndi yosalala.

Tsopano ife kutenga PVA zomatira ndi kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi chiŵerengero cha 4: 1. Sakanizani bwino ndi burashi. Manga zojambulazo mwamphamvu Kamangidwe. Ndi bwino ngati pomnetsya. Kenako, kutenga chidutswa cha pepala chimbudzi umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zojambulazo ndi zomatira ake daubed njira. Choncho muiike pa chigoba lonse.

Kenako, tiyenera nyuzipepala akale zosafunika, amene akhoza kuswa mu tiziduswa tating'ono ting'ono. Izi zidutswa za phala chigoba. Tingachite zigawo 5-6 nyuzipepala. Ife kusungitsa mamangidwe kwa patsiku kuti ziume.

Tsiku lotsatira, m'pofunika kusagwirizana kwa kamangidwe chigoba. Zimenezi zingakhale pang'ono kuti tikagonane ndi malo mpeni. Pamene chigoba ndi sakukhudzidwa, kuchotsa zojambulazo.

Tsopano m'pofunika kudula mabowo kuti maso, ndiye iwo akhoza chokongoletsedwa ndi mafelemu wozungulira eyeglass. Kukongola kujambula chigoba ndi gouache. ntchito kokha osachepera madzi kuti zilowerere yomanga. Zomatira chingamu.

Mliri dokotala chigoba, analengedwa ndi manja awo, ndi wokonzeka.

Bwanji Mng'oma wa chigoba cha khungu?

Choncho tabwera nkhani imene masks choyambirira zinalengedwa madokotala. Ichi chidzakhala mliri dokotala chigoba, manja zopangidwa ndi chikopa. Chitani.

1. Muyenera pepala maziko. Dulani pepala mu zinthu payekha amabisa.
2. Ntchito chifukwa chitsanzo, monga odulidwa chikopa chidutswa.
3. Kusoka ndi amachepetsa awiri ka mlomo wa.
4. Tsopano angagwirizanitse mulomo kwa Mbali yaikulu ya chigoba cha.
5. Kenako muyenera kumata mbali ya chigoba cha.
6. Pamene zomatira uphwetsa mosamala kusoka zinthu chifukwa mphamvu ndi kukongola.
7. Ngati mukufuna kupereka chigoba mtundu mukufuna, muyenera kuchita panthawi imeneyi, ntchito utoto kwa chikopa.
8. Siteji yotsatira pridelyvanie ndi rivets, zomatira kapena ulusi lamba.
9. Ndipo komaliza kukhudza - kukongoletsa mabowo diso. Mwachitsanzo, kudzera nkhope mbali ya zilembo za mabotolo.

Onse mliri dokotala chigoba, analengedwa ndi manja awo, ndi wokonzeka. Mosavuta ndipo mwamsanga. Tsopano mliri tizilomboto simuli mantha ndipo akhoza bwinobwino kupirira mavuto. Imangokhala yokha kukatenga malaya, mathalauza chikopa ndi nsapato ndi magolovesi.

Usaope kuyetsa zipangizo zosiyanasiyana kuti kwambiri ndithu chigoba mliri dokotala. Ndi manja ake kuti Kamangidwe, mukudziwa kale.

N'zochititsa chidwi mathalauza ndi odula mliri dokotala anali impregnated ndi sera kapena mafuta. Iye akhapidziwa kuti amateteza matenda. Mulimonsemo, nthata pa impregnation ofanana sanasangalale ndi kukhala kutali ndi otsutsana ndi mliri. Mwina izi ndi zimene opulumutsidwa madokotala.

Mtundu wa suti anali lowonjezera ndi ndodo, limene madokotala anamulasa buboes, adaponya kumbuyo matupi akufa, ndi zina kutetezedwa anthu aukali m'madera zakhudzana.

Mwa njira, oyambirira galasi masks kuti maso kukhala wofiira, nthawi zambiri, anthu ankakhulupirira kuti wofiira adzakhala kuwopseza matenda, komanso mlomo mbalame. Si bwino ngati madokotala ankaganiza kuti matenda ndi anasamutsidwa mbalame kapena, Tikawonetsetsa nkhuku mliri chiopsyezo. Chirichonse chomwe icho chinali, ndi chigoba ndendende ngati amenewa ali ndi khalidwe makamaka wachinsinsi.

Komanso, zinakhalapo ndi wina olakwika: n'kupeza kuti nthendayo kulekerera amphaka kawirikawiri kuteteza abale acheya zing'onozing'ono monga kutenthedwa, pamodzi ndi mitembo ndi nyumba.

Pa lamba madokotala anali gulu la adyo. Zikuonekeratu kuti madokotala akanatha kukhala yekha mwa anthu, akazi mu Europe Mkhristu analibe ufulu wapadera.

Kotero ife kumvetsa mmene zikhoza kutheka kuti zimenezo nkhani zachilendo ngati mliri dokotala chigoba, ndi manja ake. Amuna mliri chigoba yosiyana maonekedwe malingana dera kumene dokotala ntchito. i kotero okhwima kwa zotsimikizira palibe.