Fireplace: makulidwe, mitundu, chipangizo

Ambiri omwe ali ndi nyumba zapakhomo amangofuna kukhazikitsa malo okongola, okondana komanso okoma mtima - malo amoto, zomwe zimadalira makamaka ntchito zomwe zidzachite - Kutentha kapena kukongoletsa.

Moto wophimba umadzibisa mwa iwo wokha osati kukongola kokha, komabe komanso mwayi waukulu wa moto, kotero kumanga kwa malo a moto kukuyenera kutsogolo ndi kuwerengera mosamalitsa.

Kodi mungawerengere kukula kwa malo amoto?

Kutentha kwakukulu (ngakhale wothandizira, m'malo moyambira) kawirikawiri kumakhala malo amoto. Zomwe zimayendera zotenthazi m'chipinda chokhala ndi mamita 20 m ² ndi izi:

• Malo a ng'anjo ayenera kukhala osiyana mkati mwa 0,4 m ² ;
• Kutalika kwa dzenje lakuya - 52 masentimita, m'lifupi - 78 cm;
• Kuzama kwa malingaliro ayenera kukhala 34-35 masentimita.

Chigawo ndi kutalika kwa chimbudzi ndizomwe zili zofunika kwambiri, zomwe zimafuna kusiyanitsa ndi kulingalira mosamalitsa. Malo, malo omwe amawerengedwa molakwika, akhoza kuopseza thanzi la munthu ndi moyo wake, womwe ukhoza kulowa mu chipinda chowotcha ndi carbon monoxide. Chiŵerengero chabwino cha chigawo cha chimbudzi ndi phando la mafuta ndi 1/10, komabe, kukula kwake kwa malo ozimitsira moto sikozembetsa, chifukwa chiwerengero cha munthu payekha chimafuna munthu aliyense.

Kuzindikira kukula kwa nkhuni zamoto

Zipangizo zotentha ndi nkhuni zimamangidwa, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosangalatsa zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa ndi mamembala onse pa nthawi yozizizira komanso nthawi yachisanu. Phokoso la nkhuni zowonongeka ndi kuona kuvunda kwa moto kumapanga mlengalenga wapadera wa mtendere ndi ulesi. Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi njerwa sizikhala zosangalatsa zotsika mtengo, amisiri ambiri amisiri akufuna kuchita izi podzigwira okha. Inde, ntchitoyi siingatchedwe kuti ndi yosavuta, koma ngati zonse zikuchitidwa molingana ndi malamulo, zotsatira zake zidzakhala zabwino.

Malo amoto amaphatikizapo zigawo zikuluzikulu zotsatirazi:

• Moto;
• Mosangalatsa;
• Chikumbutso.

Kukula kwa gawo lirilonse liyenera kukhala ndi chiwerengero chofunikira ndi miyeso ya chipinda chowotcha.

Kotero, mwachitsanzo, malo a ng'anjo yotseguka poyerekeza ndi malo onse a chipinda ayenera kukhala ofanana ndi 1:50. Pachifukwa ichi, kutalika ndi m'lifupi ndizofanana ndi 2: 3, ndipo kuya ndi kutalika kwa ng'anjo kumasiyanasiyana kuyambira 1: 2 mpaka 2: 3.

Kukula kwa dzenje la utsi kumakhudza kwambiri malo amoto. Mlingo woyenera wothamanga ukhoza kutetezedwa motere: dera la ng'anjo liyenera kukhala lalikulu nthawi 8 mpaka kuposa chimbudzi. Pachifukwa ichi, ngati pulogalamu yamakonzedwe yokonzedweratu ikukonzekera, gawo limodzi laling'ono lingasankhidwe kusiyana ndi ngati chimbudzi chinali chalitali kapena chamakona.

Kusankha zakuthupi

Wood fireplaces amamangidwa bwino ndi njerwa zofiira zofiira.
Ubwino wa nkhaniyi ukhoza kufufuzidwa ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• Mtundu uyenera kukhala yunifolomu ndi wandiweyani;
• Mphamvu ya nyundo pa njerwa iyenera "kubwerera" ndi phokoso la sonorous ndi laukhondo.

Kuwonjezera pamenepo, mufunika:

• Mchenga, womwe suyenera kupitirira kukula kwa 1.5 mm;
• Dongo la cambrian, komanso limagwiritsidwa ntchito lofiira kapena lofiira;
• Wosweka mwala - 3-6 mm;
• Portland simenti 300 kalasi.

Komanso muyenera kugula:

• Utsi wa utsi;
• Pulogalamu yamoto;
• Kabati.

Foundation

Musanayambe kumanga nyumba, muyenera kusamalira maziko osiyana. Kuzama kwa kufufuza kuyenera kukhala masentimita 60, ndipo m'lifupi mwake masentimita 10 kupitirira kukula kwa mtsogolo.

Pansi pake iyenera kumangidwa ndi ming'alu ndi kukwapulidwa mosamala kuti izikhalabe pang'onopang'ono.

Kenaka, muyenera kupanga mawonekedwe, omwe adzafunikanso matabwa a matabwa. Pofuna kuthira madzi, muyenera kugula zinthu zakutchire kapena phula.

Maofomu apangidwe ayenera kudzazidwa ndi njerwa, miyala, kapena miyala yowonongeka, ndiyeno kutsanulira matope osungunuka bwino a simenti. Pamwamba pa maziko ayenera kuonongeka ndi kufufuzidwa kwa malo ozungulira. Pambuyo masiku asanu ndi awiri mukhoza kuyamba kumanga malo.

Zizindikiro za malo ozimitsira moto

Zisanayambe kumangidwa ngati malo ozimitsira moto, kukula kwake komwe tatsimikiza kale, ndikofunikira kuti tipewe madzi. Izi zidzasowa zakuthupi, zoikidwa mu zigawo ziwiri. Kuyala kumayambira kumakona. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse. Kupatsa kamangidwe kawonekedwe koyambirira, mukhoza kupanga kuika pansi pamzere pambali, ndi zonse zomwe zikutsatira - zowona. Mizera yowongoka kunja imayenera kugwiritsa ntchito kachipangizo kapena katatu. Bokosi loyatsa moto kapena bokosi la moto liyenera kuchitidwa pamanja, chifukwa izi zimathandiza kupeza miyala yochepa kwambiri mu njirayi.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti pakuika bokosi la utsi ndi bokosi lamoto, malo ophikira moto amafuna kuchotsa njira yowonjezera ndi nsalu yonyowa. Sitiyenera kuiwala kuti khoma la mkati silinali lopaka. Msoko uyenera kukhala wochepa thupi, mwinamwake ungathe kusokoneza mwamsanga. Maziko amasiku ano amafunika kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamtunda uliwonse.

Kuyika kwa bokosi la moto ndi khoma lakunja sikuyenera kugwirizanitsidwa, mwinamwake, chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo kutentha, kuphulika kwa manda kumachitika.

Zokhudza zamoto zamakono zamakono

Munthu aliyense amasangalala kumva phokoso la mtengo wokhotakhota ndipo amamva kutentha kwawi la moto. Maganizo ofanana akhoza kukhala osangalatsa osati m'chilengedwe, komanso m'nyumba mwako. Kuti maloto akwaniritsidwe ndizomwe zimapangidwa ndi njerwa. Ntchito zazikuluzikuluzi sizinthu zokhazokha zokhazokha komanso zowonongeka m'nyumba, komanso kutentha kwake.

Moto wamakono amatha kudya ngati mafuta:

• Malala;
• Mtengo wamtundu;
• Gasi;
• Mphamvu zamagetsi.

Pali zambiri zowonongeka pamsika. Kusiyanitsa kuli pakati pa mitundu yonyamulidwa ndi yotsekedwa. Kuwonjezera apo, malo ophikira amatha kukhala ndi kutentha kotsekedwa pamodzi kapena kutseguka, kumene mtundu wa bokosi la moto umadalira mwachindunji ndi zokhumba za wogula.

Malo amoto amasiku ano ndi opangidwa mosavuta komanso othandiza omwe angathe kuikidwa pamalo aliwonse abwino.

Moto pamalo ngati chinthu chopangidwa

Malo amoto ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera vuto lomwe lingagwiritse ntchito mndandanda wa chipinda chonsecho. Zolinga zake zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kalembedwe kazithunzi, zamakono, dziko kapena zina, zokondweretsa mwiniwake.

Kutentha ndi malo amoto kumafuna kupezeka kwa zipangizo monga poker, tongs, phokoso la phulusa ndi grill. Zoona, anthu amasiku ano amapereka chidwi chochuluka kwambiri pamaganizo ndi m'maganizo a ntchitoyi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake sizingakonzedwe kukhazikitsa malo amoto m'chipinda chaching'ono, pafupi ndi khomo kapena ndime. Zokongola - mipando yabwino, yomwe ili m'chipinda chachikulu, malo okwera zida komanso chopondapo mapazi.

Mtundu wa chikhalidwe, kapena kuthamangira: kudzichepetsa pakati pa chithunzi chodzichepetsa

The etymology ya mawu akuti "rustic" imalongosola za maonekedwe ambiri a mmawonekedwe awa - mwadala "osalankhula", "mwano", kutanthauzira kumalo osungira (mkati mwake, kalembedwe kamatchedwa dziko). Chikhumbo cha agogo ndi aakazi kuti abweretse chilengedwe cha aesthetics pokonza malo awo akale omwe anabadwira anabereka njira imeneyi, yomwe idapangidwira kwambiri.

Ndondomeko ya dzikoli ili ndi gawo la chilengedwe, zigawo ndi zipangizo, kutsindika ndondomeko ya "yovuta" ndi mawonekedwe otseguka. Zida zabwino kwambiri ndizo: miyala ya shell, sandstone, miyala tuff, ndi zina zotero.

Pa malo okwera kwambiri a moto pamoto

Ndondomeko ya Baroque, yochokera ku Ulaya m'zaka zamkati zapitazi, ikuwonetsa kukoma kwakumangidwe kwa zakuthambo. Malangizowo akuyeneranso pazochitika monga mafashoni a moto. Zimasiyanitsa ndi khalidwe lamphamvu la chithunzicho, kukongola kwakukulu ndi zokometsera, mitundu ina yonyenga ndi mizere, mawonekedwe ndi zokongoletsera.

Ndondomeko ya Art Nouveau

Okonda chikhalidwe cha Art New adzasiya mosavuta zinthu zambiri zokongoletsera pofuna kuyang'ana zachilendo zachilendo. Mchitidwewu umakhala ndi: zofufumitsa, zoboola pensulo, zogwirizana zokhala ndi miyala ndi zitsulo, komanso kukhalapo kwa ceramic kapena galasi. Zomwe zimakhala zojambulazo ndi mawonekedwe achilendo, zolepheretsa, zogwirizana, komanso zothetsera mavuto osagwirizana. Monga kuthandizira koyenera kwa malo ozimitsira moto mumasewero a Art Nouveau, munthu amatha kusiyanitsa zojambula zazikulu kapena zojambula zojambula, zojambula zokongoletsera, mipanda yokhala ndi mizere yosakanikirana ndi mtundu wamtundu.