Garden chosema: history, magawo chitukuko ndi zitsanzo odziwika

kangati, kuyenda m'mapaki zosiyanasiyana, tikuona ntchito amazipanga kukongola luso! Garden chosema yafalikira kuyambira nthawi makedzana. Tsopano Tingaone mu malo ambiri, ndi wotchuka kwambiri, ndipo pafupifupi osadziwika kugulu. Kumene, luso limeneli wakhala ankanyamula cholinga, amene panthawi zosiyanasiyana zagonjetsedwa kwa kusintha amphamvu. Komanso, kuthokoza kwa mbiri yake yaitali, izi mtundu wa chosema ali magawo ambiri chitukuko. nkhani zonsezi mofananamo anachitira ndi nkhaniyi.

Garden chosema: onse mudziwe

Choyamba tifunika kumasulila malangizo a luso, komanso nkhani za ena mwa zochititsa zazikulu. Choncho, chosema ichi ndi maonekedwe a pulasitiki. Izo analengedwa kuti chokongoletsera m'munda ndi paki m'madera osiyanasiyana. zinthu zimenezi kungakhale kukula kulikonse. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti zinthu zinanso zolinga ali ngati zosemasema? Kuwonjezera zazikulu, kukongoletsa chigawo cha minda yokongola ndi malo chosema angachichite kuukitsidwa kapena maphunziro ntchito. Ena zinthu analengedwa kuti zimalimbikitsa kukumbukira anthu otchuka kapena zochitika zofunika.

Mtundu uwu wa luso wakhala nthawi yaitali kuti munthu chikhalidwe. Ambiri onse amasonyeza Azungu, kumene mungapeze zitsanzo zambiri zabwino. Pa iwo nkhani zotsatirazi. Tsopano tiyeni tione mbiri ya mderali.

Chiyambi cha m'munda chosema

Choyamba ndi kulankhula za pamene ndi kumene luso loyamba anayamba kuonekera. Choncho, malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri, kukongoletsa chosema (minda yokongola ndi malo) unachokera mu Greece wakale. Ndiyeno panali oyambirira minda yodziwika (mu Athens ndi malo ena). Inali pa nthawi iyi panali mwambo azikongoletsa iwo ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana sculptural. Amodzi mwa malo otchuka a nthawi - Academy Gardens, pamene anasonkhana nzeru ena.

Pamene m'malo nthawi imeneyi anabwera nthawi ya Agiriki, munda ndi paki chosema walandira ntchito zina zingapo. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo iye salinso ankavala kukongoletsa ndi zosangalatsa mbali. Mumadziwika zitsanzo za nthawi - "Old Msodzi", "yopuma Zotengera" ndi ena ambiri.

Mu Roma, chosema ichi chakhala inakulitsidwa. Pamene akupeza anali mosalekeza yogwira. Choncho, ambiri minda Roma chokongoletsedwa zimagulitsidwa ochokera m'mayiko ziboliboli zina zinthu zosiyanasiyana - mkuwa, nsangalabwi, gypsum ndi ena. Komanso, mu Roma, panali malangizo monga kukopera ntchito za luso la Greece.

masiteji Komanso chitukuko

Choncho, tinaphunzira za mmene bwino pakati malo maluwa chosema. Tsopano m'pofunika kupitiriza ulendo wathu mu mbiri. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti Kubadwa Kwatsopano, m'mayiko ena, monga Italy, zosemasema kusanduka zambiri yogwira kuposa zina zaluso. Ziwerengero unakhazikitsidwa mu malo ambiri pa mbali yaikulu ndi m'minda yaing'ono. Iwo ntchito azikongoletsa zinthu monga akasupe.

Ndi chifukwa Italy ndi luso malangizo anaitenga ndi maiko ena. Pang'onopang'ono, miyambo imeneyi ya zokongoletsa minda yokongola ndi malo ayamba France, England ndi ku Czech Republic.

minda

minda ambiri ndi m'mapaki chimatengedwa ngati ngale oona zipilala wapatali ya cholowa chikhalidwe kukuteteza wapadera ndi chitetezo.

Chapadera ndi minda Baroque. khalidwe lawo Umutu ndi kukhalapo kwa ambiri ziboliboli paki. Komanso chokongoletsera malo wobiriwira ntchito Miphika. Zitsanzo Modabwitsa nthawi imeneyo - ndi Chilimwe Garden, Versailles ndi ena ambiri.

Patapita kanthawi, panali Agiriki minda yambiri. Azikongoletsa m'mapaki ankalankhulira kwambiri zochepa sculptural zinthu. Panthawi imeneyi, kamodzinso anayamba kulenga zithunzi za milungu ya Greece ndi Rome, ambiri a m'nkhaniyi unatengedwa kuchokera zikhalidwe izi. A chitsanzo chabwino cha minda chakale - Alabino Nyumbayi, yomwe ili m'dera Moscow.

M'zaka za m'ma XIX uchikumbe ndi paki ensembles anasintha chimaonekadi. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma makamaka anapambana classicism, koma m'malo pang'onopang'ono academicism anabwera patsogolo pang'ono, ndi m'madera ena. Mwachitsanzo, pamene chipilala anaonekera mu Chilimwe Garden, kwathunthu mosiyana ena. Iye zoyenera Krylov, woyambitsa nthano yotchuka. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti chosema sanali ndi kulenga kwa dongosolo Baroque ndi odziwika.

Mumadziwika zitsanzo za chosema munda

Pali zitsanzo zambiri za malangizo amenewa luso. Mmodzi wa iwo, anali kale kumwamba, - Malimwe munda. Iwo lili St. Petersburg. Pali anaika mafano otchuka monga "Mercy", "Justice", "Mayi korona," ndipo ena ambiri.

Wina gulu loyimba odziwika bwino - ndi Tuileries ku Paris, komwe iye ali zipilala ambiri otchuka chikhalidwe.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti pa nthawi ina anthu ambiri pulasitala ziboliboli. Mmodzi wa anthuwo anali chokongoletsedwa Gorky Park mu Moscow panthawi Soviet. Iwo ankatchedwa "Bakuman ndi nkhafi ndikupita a."

Baibulo wapachiyambi analengedwa mu 1934. Iye anavutika nkhondo Kenako limzake. "Bakuman ndi nkhafi ndikupita" - amamudziwa chinthu. Tsopano izo ndi mu Gorky Park.