"Chiphunzitso chakuti kapu ya madzi," Alexandra Kollontai

Akukhulupirira kuti Kukwezeleza ubale wamba kugonana, mitala, chiwerewere ndiponso njira zina chivundi abwera kwa ife ku West ndi ulimi kugonana, gremevshego mu theka lachiwiri la zaka zao za sikisite lapansi. N'zotheka kuti "maluwa ana" ndipo pogwiritsa ntchito chibadwa lingaliro lamakono la banja onse padziko lonse, koma musati angasokoneze Marxism ndiponso makhalidwe ndondomekoyi. Mawonetseredwe momveka bwino mukubwadamuka chifukwa paubwenzi womasuka pakati pa amuna ndi akazi wakhala "galasi chiphunzitso madzi" Aleksandry Kollontay, unali wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa achinyamata a makumi, koma tsopano pafupi kuiwalika.

kulemba

Marx anafotokozera za banja ngati njira kuteteza ufulu wolandira cholowa pa chuma anapeza. Iye ali, mu bourgeois mawonetseredwe ake, manyazi, naitana chida cha ukapolo wa akazi. Amene analibe ubwenzi kuti chikominisi mbali Kumasuka tione ukwati chimodzimodzi. theorists Progressive azipembedzo zosiyanasiyana, omwe ankalalikira kufanana chilengedwe, anayamba m'zaka za m'ma XIX mfundo yakuti posachedwapa maganizo "mwamuna" ndi "mkazi" kufota ngati kanthu. Pansi chikominisi, katundu monga Mwamsanga zimenezi, chotero, ndipo adzalandira kanthu, ndipo makolo sadzakhala ndi nkhawa kaya ngati ana. Komanso, banja kuukitsa kudzikonda ndi dziko latsopano zofunika mtundu watsopano wa anthu amene ali mfulu kwa maganizo chakale. Ntchito Pedagogical ayenera ndizicheza, Choncho, ngati china chirichonse. Mkazi ntchito pa ndime ndi anthu ndi zosatheka izo akugwedezeka. Ntchito kulenga munthu watsopano afika concretized kwathunthu malangizo. mkazi watsopano adzabereka naye, ndi anthu a kufikitsa. Ŵakusanga lingaliro ofanana antchito sadzakhala kuphika chakudya kunyumba, kudya (ndiponso sankadya), iwo kupita m'makhitchini malonda, kumene adzadyetsa chokoma ndi mtima wonse katatu patsiku.

Amenewa ndi maziko ongolankhula anali "kapu ya chiphunzitso madzi". Koma chinthu chimene amanditenga chidwi layman, pa zinthu zina. Kodi "ndi" pansi chikominisi?

njuchi ntchito

Great olemba satirists Ilf ndi Petrov, kulankhula za "zazikulu ndi zazing'ono zolengedwa" poyerekeza zomwe dziko la ntchito yaikulu yomanga ndi chitukuko mafakitale dziko ndi fokstrotikami amapusitsa, pretensions Afilisiti kuti kukongola ndi malingaliro zazing'ono-bourgeois za moyo. Mwa makhalidwe maganizo m'mbuyo, iwo limodzi ndi njovu komodnymi, wotchedwa unreleased mwachionekere ndiye madona podmyshechniki la Nkhata Bay, amatchedwa "Chikondi Njuchi ntchito." Komabe, kuyerekeza akazi Soviet ndi tizilombo izi wolimbikira ntchito alingalira pa izo Bolshevik Kollontai. "A kapu ya chiphunzitso madzi" mwachindunji zokhudzana maganizo "ntchito ya njuchi," lomwe kale anazunguzika kupeza drone oyenera mating - iwo ali otanganidwa.

The wobweretsa lingaliro ndi mwini wake

Aleksandra Mihaylovna Domontovich anabadwa mu St. Petersburg mu 1872. Iye analandira maphunziro abwino kwambiri, ngakhale panyumba mosalekeza. Mu 1893 iye, pa njira zake, apandukire chifuniro cha makolo awo, anakwatira B. Kollontay, msilikali osauka, koma zaka zisanu kenako anamusiya, kusiya mwana wamwamuna. Komanso kuti chikugwirizana ndi yonena za kayendedwe chosintha. Malinga ndi Kollontai Maulendo amene anadziwa Ivan Bunin, zafotokozedwa "Wotembereredwa Masiku", mkazi uyu anali ndi uthunthu duplicitous, omwe amasonyeza chizolowezi chinthu. Apa izo ziri mu msonkhano ntchito pa mpango, ndipo anamaliza yomweyo - kusamba, bokosi la chokoleti ndi ankakambirana ndi mnzake.

Buku Alexandra ndi Bolshevik Dibenko mofulumira zapita, aliyense mwa ophatikidzana si yokha zogwirizana lonjezo sanakhulupirike.

Bolshevik anasonyezera maluso chidwi mgwirizano wa mayiko, ngakhale popanda zina zochitika chidwi. Iye anathawa kupondereza Stalinist nafa bwino pa chaka asanamwalire "tate wa mitundu." "Chiphunzitso cha magalasi a madzi akumwa" anali wotchuka kwambiri kukwaniritsidwa kwake, ngakhale panali ena ambiri.

chiphunzitso tanthauzo

Tsopano, akamanena za maganizo a Alexandra Mikhailovna pa nkhani matrimonial. Choncho, "chikondi cha njuchi pobereka" si mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi mphamvu mkulu wodziwika ndi dzina ili. Lingaliro la "kapu ya chiphunzitso madzi" kupsa mu mawu awiri: 'ankafuna - ndikanamwa. " Ndipo palibe ludzu, ndipo si koyenera. Ubwenzi akusowa anthu a m'tsogolo ayenera anakumana popanda kuwononga nthawi ndi maganizo, popanda kum'dula kwa kuthekera kwa mafakitale kanthu. Kumene, chotero wosazindikira, maganizo amenewa si angabweretse, kalembedwe anali woyengedwa ndi ongolankhula maziko mwangwiro basi, koma mfundo ndi za. munthu sanali anayerekezera nyama, ndi tizilombo, mbalame zimene chachikulu zinthu zimene zinamulimbikitsa ndi chibadwa cha kubereka. Kubalana a mtundu wawo wa anthu ndi nkhani zothandiza chikhalidwe zofunika ndipo ngakhale singasiyanitsidwe. Latsopano mkazi, free ku tsankho ndiponso ikuluikulu, ayenera ana ambiri ana m'njira imeneyi. Anthu onse ngofanana, chotero, kusankha atate kwa ana tsogolo zilibe kanthu. makumi Youth kwenikweni chosiyana lero. Kodi sizodabwitsa kuti "galasi chiphunzitso madzi" bwino yaikulu?

otsutsa

Oddly zokwanira, maganizo Kollontai pa nkhani za jenda anali alibe atsogoleri ambiri Bolshevik chipani, kuphatikizapo Lenin. mtsogoleri Proletarian yekha sanakanepo pamaso pa ludzu, koma anaona kuti sizingatheke kukwaniritsa zonse mphamvu yake panopa alipo, mwachitsanzo, puddles zauve, ndi galasi kulisesa akusokoneza zofunika zina. "A kapu ya chiphunzitso madzi" anachititsa mfundo ndi Lunacharsky, ngakhale analemba nkhani yovuta "Pa njira ya moyo ..." odzipereka kwa zokhudza achinyamata. maganizo Kollontai ali sakudziwika kwathunthu Marxist, ngakhale ankhanza mwamtheradi ndi zoipa iwonso sanaitana. Mnthawi Bolshevik chabe anatchulapo ena kusiyana pakati pa ufulu ndi chitayiko.

Othandiza ndi kusala

Monga tanenera kale, chandamale maganizo chikhalidwe m'munsi Alexandra Mikhailovna anali makamaka achinyamata mwana. Komsomolskaya Pravda anali pang'ono zovuta kukana wawo wamwamuna anzathu mu chikondi kuposa anthu wokonzeka ntchito. Koma osati mwa mamembala ana a bungwe la International Communist, mnyamata anasangalala ulemerero wa "kapu ya chiphunzitso madzi". Mayakovsky, akulu proletarian ndakatulo futuristic Mwachitsanzo, anakhala zovuta. Ngakhale iye anatcha mazenera KUKULA "kutengera Bourget" ndi zisudzo kutenga mkazi, "iye osati munthu wina," koma ena ufulu panopa kuloledwa. Iwo sanasiye wolemba ndakatulo ndi ojambula zithunzi zina Soviet, kawirikawiri amakhala okalamba.

Pogwiritsa ntchito chiphunzitso cha adani a mphamvu Soviet

Ambiri a anthu a ufumu wakale Russian sanathe kuzindikira mfundo zimene zinaoneka ngati Klare Tsetkin ndi Alexandra Kollontai monga kupata ndi wokongola. "A kapu ya chiphunzitso madzi" wapeza, ndithudi, otsatira awo, koma chilakolako chawo chifukwa anali wa khalidwe kusankha. Othandiza a "ludzu quencher" kuyenda "anasiya", nthawi sikunapatsidwa ufulu ntchito kwa akazi awo ndi amuna, Afilisiti kamodzi akuteteza ungwiro wake chisa banja yekha. Izi Mbali maganizo a anthu Russian ndi mobwerezabwereza otsutsa Bolshevism, anasonyeza, chikominisi, ngakhale makhalidwe, zomwe iwo analibe. Mwachitsanzo, ena Uvarov, monga membala wa mtundu "Union of Anthu Russian", lofalitsidwa ndi lamulo lolembedwa ndi iye ankati kupelekedwa ndi Saratov Council Provincial wa Commissars Anthu, lomwe anatchedwa socialization ambiri a akazi ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito iwo mwankhanza. Nkhani yomweyi ntchito zokopa odana chikominisi ndi Germany panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri.

"A kapu ya chiphunzitso madzi" Aleksandry Kollontay lero

Mu Gorbachev nyengo kwachititsa kwambiri choseketsa chithunzi cha mkazi Soviet, anati palibe kugonana Soviet Union. Ndithudi, iye sanali kunena kwa kubalana ndi kugawikana mwachindunji (poyerekeza ndi njuchi, anthu amoeba kuchuluka kwa sizivuta), koma mawuwa anasonyeza zonse zokhudzana ndi mavuto kugonana dziko lathu nthawi imeneyo. chakuti maphunziro a ana (ndi akulu kwambiri) anali wa khalidwe Puritani, mopanda kukaika. Komabe, anthu ambiri imeneyi makamaka yosayenera. "Glass chiphunzitso madzi" mu USSR zasonyeza osatchuka, mwina chifukwa cha chikumbumtima kukopa anthu a Orthodox ndiponso makhalidwe banja enshrined ndi makolo athu ulemerero.