Wolemba Boris Zaitsev: yonena, zilandiridwenso

Boris Zaitsev - wotchuka Russian Wolemba publicist chiyambi cha m'ma XX, anamaliza moyo wake mu ukapolo. Podziwika ntchito pa mitu Mkhristu. Makamaka otsutsa anati: "The Life of Sergiya Radonezhskogo", pamene wolemba anapereka mfundo yake maganizo pa moyo wa woyera.

Boris Zaitsev yonena

Amabadwa wolemba wolemekezeka banja January 29 (February 10), 1881 mu mzinda wa Orel. Atate zambiri anatenga Boris pang'ono naye ntchito pa zomera phiri. Komabe, ambiri ubwana wake pa malo banja pafupi Kaluga, Zaitsev anafotokoza nthawi imeneyi kuti zimene ananena yabata chikhalidwe ndi kulankhulana ndi banja. Ngakhale umoyo wa banja lake, Zaitsev ndipo anaona moyo wina - tasanduka bwinja otchuka, zolimba osauka kupanga fakitale, pang'onopang'ono kutaya wotchuka anasiya minda wamba, zigawo Kaluga. Zonsezi zimaonekera pambuyo pa ntchito yake, kusonyeza mmene zinthu izi zakhudza umunthu wa wolemba m'tsogolo.

zaka 11 Zaitsev anali homeschooled, kenako anam'tumiza Kaluga weniweni wa sukulu, amene anamaliza mu chaka cha 1898. Mu chaka chomwecho analowa Moscow Institute of Technology. Komabe, kale mu 1899, Zaitsev Kwaletsedwa ku sukulu monga membala wa wophunzira zipolowe.

Koma kale mu 1902, Boris K. atadza pa luso la Chilamulo, Komabe, si malekezero. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti wolemba ku Italy, kumene adatengedwa iye ndi kale luso.

Chiyambi cha zilandiridwenso

Zaitsev Boris Konstantinovich anayamba kulemba ndi zaka 17. Kale lofalitsidwa mu 1901 mu magazini "Courier" nkhani "mu msewu." Kuyambira 1904 mpaka 1906 anagwira "Pravda" mtolankhani. nkhani wake, "Dream" ndi "chifunga" zinasindikizidwa mu magazini chomwecho. Komanso, "New Way" magazini lofalitsidwa wachinsinsi nkhani "likadzafika Chete".

M'chigawo choyamba cha nkhani wolembayo lalifupi inafalitsidwa mu 1903. Iye zoyenera za moyo wa anzeru apamwamba, ndi akumenya malo akutali, chiwonongeko cha manors, chisoni minda, kuwononga ndi lowopsya mzinda moyo.

Kale pa chiyambi cha ntchito yake, Zaitsev mwayi zokwanira ndi olemba mabuku wotchuka A. P. Chehov ndi Ln Andreev. Ndi Anton Pavlovich tsoka anabweretsa wolemba ku Yalta mu 1900, ndipo patatha chaka chimodzi iye anadziwa Andreev. olemba onse anali ndi thandizo kwambiri kumayambiriro ntchito zolembalemba Zaitsev.

Panthawi imeneyi, Boris K. amakhala ku Moscow, ndi bwalo zolembalemba ndi luso mabuku magazini "Dawn", membala wa Society of Okonda mabuku Russian.

Ulendo wa ku Italy

Mu 1904, Boris Zaitsev kwa nthawi yoyamba anatumiza kwa ulendo Italy. dziko lino kwambiri chidwi ndi wolemba, ndipo kenako ngakhale kutchedwa kwawo wauzimu. A Nthawi zambiri iye anakhala zaka chisanadze nkhondo. Anthu ambiri ku Italy Anakhalanso maziko ntchito Zaitseva. Choncho inasindikizidwa mu 1922 gulu lotchedwa "Raphael" M'gululi mndandanda wa essays ndi zidindo za Italy.

Mu 1912, Zaitsev m'banja. Posachedwa iye anali ndi mwana wamkazi, Natalia.

The First World nkhondo

Pa First World nkhondo, Boris Zaitsev maphunziro maphunziro mu Alexander usilikali School. Ndipo kamodzi itatha February utasintha, iye anapangidwa bwana. Komabe, kutsogolo chifukwa cha chibayo iye alibe. Ndipo anakhala nkhondo Pritikin malo ndi mkazi wake ndi mwana wake wamkazi.

Nkhondo itatha, Zaitsev ndi banja lake anabwerera ku Moscow, kumene anali pomwepo yoikidwiratu wapampando wa bungwe la Russian wa Writers. Komanso, nthawi ina anagwira ntchito ndi olemba mukupanga shopu.

emigration

Mu 1922, Zaitsev kudwala Nthenda yofanana ndi tayifodi. matenda waukulu, ndi kuchira othamanga aganiza kupita kudziko lina. Iye akutenga chitupa cha visa chikapezeka ndipo anatumiza oyamba Berlin kenako kwa Italy.

Boris Zaitsev - wolemba-emigrant. Ndi kwa nthawi limayamba siteji zakunja ntchito yake. Ndi nthawi iyi kale ndinamverera mphamvu ya maganizo nthanthi ya Berdyaev ndi Solovyov. Izi kwambiri chimasintha kulenga malangizo a wolemba. Ngati kale ntchito Zaitseva ankachitira pantheism ndi chikunja, koma tsopano iwo anamukwiyira bwino kunachokera lathu Mkhristu. Mwachitsanzo, nkhani "The Gold chitsanzo", magulu "Chitsitsimutso", essays pa miyoyo ya oyera mtima "Athos" ndi "Balamu" ndi ena.

Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse

Pa chiyambi cha nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, Boris Zaitsev amalankhula kwa zolemba wake ndi kuyamba kufalitsa iwo. Mwachitsanzo, mu "Kubadwa Kwatsopano" nyuzipepala kusindikizidwa mndandanda wake "Masiku". Komabe, kale mu 1940, pamene Germany linalanda France, mabuku onse Zaitseva kutsazikana. Nkhani zina nkhondo, za ntchito wolemba m'manyuzipepala ndi magazini sananene chilichonse. Boris K. anatsalira kunja kwa ndale ndi nkhondo. Kamodzi Germany anagonjetsedwa, abwerera kumka ku nkhani yemweyo wachipembedzo ndi nzeru zaumunthu, ndipo makope buku "Mfumu Davide" mu 1945.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo ndi imfa

"Russian MAGANIZO" mu 1947 Zaytsev Boris Konstantinovich akuyamba ntchito mu nyuzipepala Paris. Mu chaka chomwecho anakhala wapampando wa Union of olemba Russian mu France. Zimenezi anatsalira naye kufikira m'masiku otsiriza a moyo wake. misonkhano imeneyi anali m'mayiko a ku Ulaya, kumene anzeru Russian anasamuka pambuyo February zisinthe.

Mu 1959, iye akuyamba lokwanira ndi Boris Pasternak, pamene ntchito ndi Munich Almanac "Bridges".

Mu 1964 anafalitsa yochepa nkhani "Mtsinje wa Time" Boris Zaitsev. Izi otsiriza lofalitsidwa ntchito ya wolemba, amaveka korona ntchito yake. M'tsogolo, lofalitsidwa wolemba nkhani naperewera pa dzina chomwecho.

Komabe, moyo Zaitsev sikunalekere pamenepo. Mu 1957, mkazi wake amadwala matenda opha kwambiri, wolemba ndi limodzi naye.

wolemba anamwalira ali ndi zaka 91 ku Paris January 21, 1972-TH. mtembo wake m'manda mu manda a Saint-Genevieve-des-Bois, komwe kunama ambirimbiri amene anasamukira ku Russian amene anasamukira ku France.

Boris Zaitsev: Book

Zaitseva zilandiridwenso akhoza kugawidwa mu magawo awiri akuluakulu: doemigrantsky ndi posleemigrantsky. Ichi ndi chifukwa si chakuti anasintha malo okhala a wolemba ndi chakuti ukasintha anasintha lingaliro malangizo a ntchito zake. Ngati mu nthawi yoyamba ya wolemba anapempha kwambiri achikunja ndi malo pantheistic, anafotokoza kuti mdima zisinthe akugwira miyoyo ya anthu, mu nthawi yachiwiri, Yoswa tcheru ake onse mitu Mkhristu.

Onani kuti wodziwika ndi ntchito zokhudza izo wachiwiri siteji chilengedwe Zaitsev. Komanso, ku ukapolo wakhala kuberekana kwambiri mu moyo wa mlembi. Choncho, kwa zaka pafupifupi 30. mabuku ndi pafupifupi 800 ntchito anaonekera pa masamba a magazini anasindikizidwa.

Izi zili choncho makamaka chifukwa chakuti Zaitsev lolunjika mphamvu zawo zonse ntchito zolembalemba. Kuwonjezera kulemba ntchito zake, wachita utolankhani ndi Mabaibulo. Komanso mu 50 ntchentche a wolemba anali membala wa Commission pa kumasulira Chipangano Chatsopano mu Russian.

A trilogy wotchuka "Ulendo Gleb." Izi ntchito autobiographical zimene wolemba limafotokoza ubwana ndi unyamata wake munthu amene anabadwa pa nthawi yovuta kwambiri kwa Russia. Izo zikutsiriza moyo mu 1930, pamene ngwazi ndi kudziwa kugwirizana kwake ndi kuphedwa woyera Gleb.

"St. Sergiy Radonezhsky"

Zathandiza kuti M'miyoyo Oyera Boris Zaitsev. Sergy Radonezhsky ngwazi iye, chitsanzo chimene anasonyeza kutembenuka kwa munthu wamba mu woyera. Zaitsev anatha kulenga zioneke bwino ndi ojijirika chifanizo cha oyera kuposa kulongosola mu miyoyo ya anthu, nachititsa kukhala bwino Sergio owerenga wamba.

Tikhoza kunena kuti ntchito imeneyi ophatikizapo ndikuchilakalaka achipembedzo a wolemba. Zaitsev yekha anazindikira ndekha, kodi munthu kupyolera kusintha pang'onopang'ono auzimu kukhala liyeretsedwe. Wolemba yekha, ngati ngwazi kwake, anayenda zinthu zingapo kwa kukwaniritsidwa kwa chiyero chenicheni, ndi mapazi ake onse zikugwirizananso ntchito.