Gawo lililonse la nyanja - ndi chidutswa cha wonse

Madzi ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa zolengedwa zonse zikhale ndi moyo. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, pambuyo pa zonse, ndi moyo padziko lathuli anatuluka m'madzi. Madzi maperesenti oposa makumi asanu ndi awiri a padziko lathuli.

Kudulidwa pa nyanja

Onse chuma madzi a dziko lingathe nyanja dziko. Gawo la nyanja dziko amaonetsa ubwenzi ndi mzake. Kudulidwa waukulu ka madzi ikuchitika pa nyanja, limene pali anai mu dziko: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian ndi Arctic. Ena geographers amakonda kuwonjezera mndandanda wa asanu - Southern, anangotchula monga madzi mozungulira Antarctica. Koma ambiri akulimbikira anayi okha. Ndi m'nyanja, kumalo ndi m'masautso - gawo la nyanja. Izi zikutanthauza kuti aliyense wa anayi expanses yaikulu madzi ali zigawo zake. malire zikuluzikulu kulibe salembedwa yekha. Pa dzanja limodzi, ndi gawo la kumtunda komanso chilumba, ndi pa zina - izo likugwirizana ndi meridians dzikoli.

The etymology dzina la

Nyanja woyamba ofufuza European lalikulu kwambiri ataona Magellan m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi. nthawi zonse wake amayenda madzi awa anali odekha, kotero iye anatenga dzina la - Pacific. Ndi mayina a m'nyanja zina bwino. Atlantic nalo dzina lake pambuyo lodziwika bwino Atlanta - ndi ngwazi za Agiriki, yemwe anali kumwamba pa mapewa ake mu kutali kumadzulo kwa Mediterranean. madzi onse, unali kumadzulo kwa m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri analandira dzina la ngwazi lanthano. The Indian anayamba kutchedwa kotero, nawonso, chifukwa Aroma akale okha. Pliny pamaso yathu ino m'mabuku ake otchedwa nyanja polemekeza otchuka kwambiri masiku amenewo, maiko, koma dzina zachilendo yekha ndi m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi, pambuyo maulendo oyamba dziko. dzina Russian "Arctic" anali ovomerezeka okha mazana makumi awiri, chifukwa popanda malo pa chigawo kumpoto kwa nyanja - ndi oundana. Pamene m'mayiko ambiri Western, izo mophweka wotchedwa Arctic kuyambira cha m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi.

dziko nyanja

Nyanja, kumalo ndipo pokhala mu malo okwana nyanja kugwira kuchokera khumi peresenti khumi. Nokha: kozizira, dera mbali zikuluzikulu za zomwe oposa zana makumi asanu ndi awiri. Ambiri alibe gawo pa nyanja - ndi nyanja. Amawapatula ndi zigawo za kulalikira, kapena zilumba pamwamba m'madzi ndi chimodzi Choncho osiyana cha zizindikiro cha madzi otsala - mlingo wa amenewa, kutentha kapena mafunde. Kuchokera pa mlingo wa mtunda kuchokera nyanja nyanja madzi ali mmphepete (Barents), mkati (Mediterranean) ndi yapakati-island (Philippines). Nokha kwa mndandanda - ndi Sargasso Nyanja, kumene kumatsimikizira dzina chomwecho algae. Pacific Ocean chimakwirira m'madera ambiri. Malo pafupifupi makumi asanu peresenti ya padziko lonse m'madzi. Choncho, mbali ya Pacific Ocean ndi yaikulu kwambiri kukula, kupyoza kukula laling'ono - kozizira - mu nthawi yochepa.

Magombe ndi mitundu

Magombe - ochepa poyerekeza ndi madera nyanja ya danga madzi, zomwe kuyenda mu Africa wa. Koma iwo ndi zigawo ndi maganizo "Nsomba zopezeka m'nyanja zikuluzikulu". Mbali ya Ocean World, amene muli coves - ichi thambo la m'dera Atlantic mu madzi European ndi Masewerera a Nordic padziko Canada ndi Russia. Pamene mtundu wa nyanja ya kufalitsidwa kwambiri, mawu kachulukidwe, mu malo oyamba adzakhala ndithu Magombe. Ndipotu, mtundu zimenezi zimaphatikizapo onse Magombe, fjords, mitsinje, mathamandawa.

Ngakhale woyamba amene anaona Pacific Ocean European - Spanish Spain - kuzitcha izo Kumwera nyanja, chifukwa pamaso pa okha kutsegula Bay. Pali, ndithudi, ndi Magombe zikuluzikulu, monga Bengal kapena Mexico, koma ambiri a iwo ochepa. Ndipo ngati akatswiri a sayansi sagwirizana m'malingaliro kuti nyanja ya dziko za makumi asanu ndi limodzi, ndi kumalo ndi malamulo angapo zoopsa kwambiri, koma yeniyeni n'kulemba chiwerengero kuli kovuta. Ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha kumalo - mbali zikuluzikulu za Atlantic Ocean.

Straits wa zachilengedwe ndi yokumba

Straits otchedwa m'malo osati lonse la nyanja ndi nyanja amene delimited m'madera dziko awiri, koma pa nthawi yomweyo kulumikiza malo awiri. Straits kugawidwa ndi m'lifupi, kuya, kuya, komanso malangizo a gulu madzi. Iwo yaing'ono kwambiri, monga a Bosphorus pakati pa Black ndi Marmara nyanja, ndi m'lifupi mamita asanu ndi awiri zana, ndipo lonse, monga Drake fupi pakati pa Atlantic ndi ya Pacific kwa m'lifupi makilomita oposa chikwi.

Komanso spillage, pali wina mwachilungamo wapadera malo mawonekedwe pawiri amadzimadzi pakati pawo. Koma izi si mbali ya nyanja. Awa ndi njira yokumba kuti akumanga anthu kuti imathandizira kayendedwe ka sitima. Choyamba, anthu agwirizana mtsinje, ndiyeno nyanja. A chaposachedwapa mfundo mbiri kwa nyanja interconnect. Wotchuka kwambiri ndi Suez Canal, kulumikiza Mediterranean ndi Red Sea, ndi iwo Atlantic ndi Nsomba zopezeka m'nyanja zikuluzikulu Indian, komanso ndi Panama Canal, amene Iyamba njira ku Atlantic ku Pacific Ocean.