Gothic ananyamuka mu zomangamanga

Nthawi zambiri mawindo a rozi amatanthauza mawu amodzi omwe amagwirizanitsa chithunzi choterechi monga zenera lozungulira. Kawirikawiri imakongoletsedwera ndi galasi lodetsedwa. Mawu akuti "gothic rose" amadziwika bwino kwambiri, popeza njirayi inali yotchuka kwambiri pa nthawi ya kalembedwe ka Gothic .

Ndemanga yochepa

Kwa nthawi yoyamba mawu akuti "zowuka-zenera" anawoneka m'zaka za zana la XVII ndipo anali okhudzana ndi zenera la Gothic lozungulira, lomwe limapezeka nthawi zambiri m'mabwalo a kachisi wa Gothic ndi Aroma. Dzina limeneli linaperekedwa ku chipangizochi chifukwa cha kufanana kwawindo la "multi-petalled" ndi lopangidwa ndi galasi lopangidwa ndi Chingelezi, lomwe, makamaka panthawi imeneyo, duwa la galu linatchulidwa.

Gothic ananyamuka pa zomangamanga ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe cha Gothic, koma sichimangokwanira. Mawindo onse analipo m'machitidwe a akachisi, mipingo ndi zinthu zina kuyambira nthawi zakale mpaka m'ma Middle Ages makamaka makamaka pa nthawi ya Neo-Gothic. Ndichifukwa chake mawindo aakulu akuzungulira akupezeka padziko lonse mu nyumba zosiyana, zaka ndi miyambo.

Chiyambi

Mizu ya maluwa a Gothic inabwerera ku oculus ya Roma - lalikulu lalikulu la phando, lopangidwa kuti lisalole kuunika kokha, komanso mpweya mu chipinda. Oculus wotchuka kwambiri ali mu Roman Pantheon, pamwamba pa dome. Kumayambiriro koyambirira a Chikhristu ndi a Byzantine ankagwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba pa nyumba kapena pamunsi. Windo lozungulira lokhala ndi mwala linawonanso kale, koma mitundu yosawerengeka yakhalapo mpaka lero. Ponena za maonekedwe a maluwa, zinali zovuta kwambiri m'mafilimu achiroma.

Masitayelo ndi Mitundu

Zowonekera pazenera ndi mitundu yambiri, yomwe ili ndizinayi zina zazikulu:

• Oculus --windo losavuta lozungulira lopanda mawonekedwe. Chitsanzo: Pantheon ya Chiroma.
• Duwa lophweka ndi lozungulira pakati, pamphepete mwa mzere umene uli ndi mizere yofanana. Chitsanzo: "Diso la Abbot" ku Katolika ku Lincoln.

• Gudumu ndiwindo lozungulira ndi symmetrical spokes. Amatchedwanso Catherine's Rose polemekeza St. Catherine, amene anazunzidwa pa gudumu. Chitsanzo: tchalitchi chachikulu cha Lucera, Italy.
• Gothic ananyamuka ndiwindo lazunguliro lopangidwa ndi zovuta, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakongoletsedwa ndi galasi lodetsedwa. Mwa maonekedwe akufanana ndi duwa lophuka. Chitsanzo: Cathedral ya Notre Dame.

Inde, patapita nthawi, mitundu ina ya maluwa a Gothic anawoneka, mwachitsanzo, mawindo ozungulira ndi olumala a mawonekedwe a Baroque, koma mitundu yomwe tatchulidwa pamwambayi ndi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza.

Kukula kwa mawindo

Poyamba, mawindo anali ochepa komanso osunthika kuchoka ku chikhalidwe cha Aroma mpaka ku Gothic. Patapita nthawi, maluwa a Gothic anayamba kukhala ndi malo ochulukirapo m'mabwalo a nyumba, zomwe zimathandiza kuti miyala ikhale yowala. Pambuyo pomaliza kumanga kanyumba ya Notre Dame Cathedral, mawindo amenewa anakhala mbali yaikulu ya zomangamanga, mofanana ndi zipilala, mazenera a lancet ndi arkbutans. Komabe, poyerekeza ndi kukula kwa mawindo a mtundu uwu, Rose wotchuka wa Cathedral ya Notre Dame siwindo lalikulu, makamaka poyerekeza ndi masewera a Chartres kapena Saint-Denis.

Mbiri ndi chitukuko cha Gothic Rose

Ngakhale kuti chiyambi chawindo la rozi chinapitirira kale kwambiri, mawonekedwe ake masiku ano ndi otchuka chifukwa cha zomangamanga za Gothic, kotero ndizomveka kutsatira tsambali la mawonekedwewa, kuyambira ndi nthawi yoyambirira ya Gothic ndi kutha ndi zamakono.

• Gothic Yoyambirira imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ophweka a duwa, makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a magudumu ndi kuwonekera mawonekedwe a zithunzithunzi: mabwalo, katatu ndi malo. Ndilo kalembedwe kamene kanakhala kotchuka kwambiri pa Gothic Revival, mwinamwake chifukwa cha kuphweka kwake ndi kogwira mtima.
• Mkulu wa Gothic amadziwika ndi mapangidwe opangidwa ndi zovuta zambiri ndi magawano, okhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta komanso mawonekedwe ojambulidwa magalasi. Kuwonjezera apo, kukula kwa maluwa kunayamba kuwonjezeka, ndipo anapatsidwa mitsempha yambiri ya naves.
• Flaming Gothic imakhala ndi maonekedwe abwino omwe amafanana ndi malawi a moto, motero dzina. Chizoloŵezichi chapeza chiwonetsero chowonekera m'mawindo ozungulira a nthawi yopanga kalembedwe. Zitsanzo zomwe zimakumbukira nthambi zowamba za liana ndi kupotoza kwa Latin S, kukongoletsa galasi yonyezimira. Zina zonse zimakhala zosiyana mmaonekedwe ndi kukula kwake.
• Kubadwanso kwatsopano kunkasiyana ndi chikhumbo chake chogwedeza "mdima" wa mibadwo yamdima, kotero pafupifupi zinthu zonse za Gothic zinalibe kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama, kupereka njira zachikale. Komabe, maluwawo anapeza kupitilira kwake monga mawonekedwe ophweka, nthawi zina kukongoletsera makoma ndi nyumba za nyumba za Renaissance.
• Ndondomeko ya baroque inayamba kusintha mawonekedwe a rosi, kudalira mawindo ozungulira ndi zosavuta kupanga, nthawi zambiri popanda galasi.

Zomangamanga zamakono, kalembedwe kosavuta ndi kosavuta ka oculus kamagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Pokhapokha Panthawi ya Gothic Revival, pa nthawi ya Art Nouveau, ma Gothic ananyamuka anakhala osangalatsa komanso osakhalitsa.

Symbolism

Pa nthawi ya Gothic, chinthu chomwe chinali chifaniziro cha galasi losasuka kawirikawiri chinali Tsiku la Chiweruzo. Dothi lotchedwa Gothic linaikidwa pamtambo pamwamba pa khomo lakumadzulo la kachisi, lomwe lingakhale chifukwa chosankhira nkhani, popeza linali khoma lakumadzulo lomwe nthawi zambiri limaperekedwa ku mutu wa Chiweruzo Chotsatira.

M'kupita kwanthawi, maluwa anayamba kuonekera pa nsomba za m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kumene imodzi mwa iwo inadzipereka kwa Namwali Maria. Kugwirizana kwa Gothic kuwuka pamodzi ndi chizindikiro cha Amayi a Khristu kumathandizidwanso ndi kuti Maria nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "Mystic Rose" ndipo amatchulidwa ndi chizindikiro - maluwa a galu anawuka. Komabe, zizindikiro izi zinkawonekera kale lisanatenge zenera.