Gulu la mafuta kufala ndi SAE ndi API

Zida lubricating madzimadzi ntchito mabokosi zida, milandu kutengerapo, axles ndi njira chiwongolero. Pali zambiri magalimoto, wothiridwa mu chomwecho kufala mafuta galimoto. Koma ena makinawa, omwe imvera katundu makamaka wolemera ndi zovuta, ndipo pamene m'malovu mafuta ndi nkhungu ku n'zovuta kuti chofunika kotunga kuthamanga kufala mafuta.

Alinso ndi magulu osiyana ndi mitundu ya madzimadzi galimoto. Gulu la mafuta kufala Akhozanso osiyana.

Gawo anatengera

Chimodzi mwa classifications mayiko ndi kulekana kwa kukhuthala. Gawo limeneli limatchedwa HIV mafuta SAE. Iwo lubricant alipo magulu asanu anayi omwe - yozizira (amaimira kalata W), ndi otsala atatu - chaka. Onse-nyengo chodetsa kumafuna awiri akuti Mwachitsanzo, 80W90, 75W140 ndi ena.

Gawo lina la mafuta kufala, ikutchedwa ya API, zikusonyeza kugawikana m'magulu asanu. Iwo anagwiritsa ntchito malingana ndi cholinga, chifukwa cha zomwe amapereka mtundu yakeyake zida, katundu yeniyeni ndi kutentha.

Gawo zida mafuta ndi maphunziro SAE

Gawo ili anayamba kupanga ndi American Society of Asayansi. Iye ankagwira kudziwika. ziziyenda ambiri amadziwa bwino kuposa wina aliyense.

Maphunziro lubricating kukhuthala madzimadzi ndi m'bukhu wa mwini aliyense galimoto.

Sankhani chakuti gulu limasonyeza mafuta zida, zachokera zizindikiro matenthedwe chilengedwe, umene opareshoni galimoto. Kukhuthala katundu atsimikiziridwa poyerekezera ndi kukwaniritsa 150,000 CP Brookfield. Ngati mtengo uwu kuposa, ndi mayendedwe pinion kutsinde ayambe chiwonongeko. Popewa izi, muyenera mosamalitsa kutsatira malangizo a deta otsika kutentha, kusankha lubricant bwino.

Ngati galimoto inyamuka ntchito pa kutentha madigiri za opanda makumi atatu ndi pansi, ali oyenera HIV Buku hydrocracked kapena lubricants kupanga, ndi kukhuthala semisynthetics 75W-XX ndi malire kukhuthala 5000 cp.

Mkulu kutentha anatsimikiza pa madigiri 100. Malinga ndi iye mfundo olephera sayenera kuyamba kuphwanyaphwanya, ngakhale muyenera kukhala mchikakamizo cha ichi mkati maola 20 ndi zambiri.

Gawo zida mafuta kukhuthala: tsatanetsatane

Pano, monga mwa injini, lubricating madzimadzi ankasiyana maziko nyengo:

• Zima - 70W, 75W, 80W, 85W;
• Chilimwe - 80, 85, 90, 140, 250.

Mu gulu ili, monga kugawikana pokhapo titachitapo kuchokera opanga osiyana nawo makamaka zawo zachitukuko.

Koma SAE J306 muyezo Mwachitsanzo, ali zofuna oterowo anakumana ndi zakumwa zina HIV. Choncho, iwo adzakhala ali ndi digiri imodzi yozizira kapena nthawi yotentha zino, kapena osakaniza madigiri onse. Zingakhale madigiri awiri basi yozizira.

Komanso ngati anasankha injini lubricants mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera 0 60, kufala osiyanasiyana kuchokera 70 mpaka 250.

Choncho kutukula ndayesera kupewa zolakwa zotheka posankha mafuta. Choncho, ngati galimoto ndi kufala madzi ndi ndi kukhuthala chomwecho, ndi SAE makhalidwe awo adzakhala osiyana.

API ambiri

Gawo Universal mafuta kufala kwa onse, tsoka, silinakwaniritsidwe analenga. Koma kalasi API kwa gearboxes bukuli kuti m'kagulu ya kondomu ndi yabwino kwambiri.

Malinga ndi magalimoto ake ntchito mafuta gulu akupezekamo-4 kapena gl-5. Gl-4 ndi oyenera okonza ndi magiya hypoid ndi mwauzimu bevel awiriawiri ndiponso ntchito mu nyengo zolimbitsa. A gl-5, kupatula zolimbitsa, ingagwiritsidwe mapangidwe nkhanza pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zida.

magulu osiyana a API

Tiyeni tikambirane magulu onse kuti amaimira gulu la mafuta kufala API.

Gulu gl-1 a mchere lubricating madzimadzi. mafuta awa sali zina, ena kuposa amene adzalandira antioxidant ndi odana ndi thovu katundu.

Pakuti gl-2 monga mafuta ndi zina odana ndi mikangano yomwe kutumikira magiya mphutsi ndi liwiro otsika onsewo.

Gl-3 - girizi, kale ambiri ndithu zina, monga ndipo ndi katundu avale zosagwira. Iwo ntchito gearbox ndi magawo angapo ndi chiwongolero, chachikulu ndi magiya hypoid. Ndi mafuta akuthamanga mwauzimu awiri bevel zida lakonzedwa kuti ntchito imathamanga otsika ndi m'mikhalidwe kwambiri.

Gulu gl-4 ali amaposa zina. Awa ndi anthu amene ali ndi katundu Anti. Iwo ali makamaka ntchito magalimoto ndi gearbox ochiritsira. Kondomu akhoza liziyenda bwino transmissions zimenezi, pamene pali liwiro lalitali ndi yaing'ono rotational makokedwe, kapena mosinthanitsa.

Pakuti gl-5 a lubricating madzimadzi, kugwira ntchito mu mavuto, kumene kuli kofunika kuyesetsa kwambiri kugonjetsa mphamvu ndi katundu. mafuta awa ntchito zitsanzo zosiyanasiyana za magalimoto ndi njinga zamoto. Ikani kwa magiya hypoid, awiriawiri magiya poyenda nkhonya ya. Lubricants muli ambiri zina, zochokera mchitidwe serofosfornyh ndi kuchepetsa mosavuta burrs zitsulo.

Gl-6 mafuta kupereka ntchito wabwino ngakhale atakumana ankhanza. Iwo mwaluso kupirira liwiro rotational, mkulu makokedwe ndi katundu amadza. Iwo yodziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa ambiri zina odana poyerekeza ndi magulu ena. Koma gulu mafuta si kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Chochuluka mafuta zida zochokera mafuta mchere chopangidwa. Synthetics ntchito kwambiri kawirikawiri.

classifications ena

The gulu la mafuta kufala ndi SAE ndi API ndi ambiri. Koma pali magulu ena. Mwachitsanzo, gulu osiyana zikuphatikizapo girizi gearbox basi. Iwo anaphimba ngati API gulu la mafuta zida. "Odwala" "Total", "Mobile" ndi opanga ena amakhala ndi ntchito yawo kupanga madzi lubricating.

gulu la ATF

Mafuta chifukwa makina nthawi zambiri utoto mitundu yowala, ndi pagalimoto si kusokonezedwa ndi odzazidwa mu ndimakokedwe Buku. Komanso, sizimayenderana zakumwa wachikuda osiyana,

Gawo kwa ndimakokedwe basi, zomwe zinali zofanana ogwirizana, kwa HIV Buku, iwo sali. Choncho amakamba nkhani iyi opanga okha. Mwachitsanzo, mu General Motors ntchito Dexron gulu ndi Ford - Mercon.

Gawo ZF

Zodziŵika kampani amapeza gulu Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen, lalifupi ZF. Ndi mtsogoleri pakati opanga Loona za gearboxes ndi mayunitsi galimoto. Atakulitsa gulu yake, kampani limapereka zofunika pa makalasi awo mawu a khalidwe ndi kukhuthala.

Pakuti aliyense kp analola mafuta ake. Kudulidwa chimapereka alifabeti code, ndi yadigito.

ndi maziko posankha Kodi

Gulu la mafuta zida za API, SAE, etc. zosavuta kusankha. Koma kupeza lubricant ayenera kumvetsetsa zimene mavuto ayenera kuthetsa. Zina mwa izo ndi:

• kupewa mikangano kwambiri ndi kuchuluka avale wa pamalo a magiya kapena zigawo zina kufala;
• mphamvu khama chifukwa chilengedwe cha filimu ayenera kuchepetsedwa;
• kulenga kutentha kuchotsa;
• kusiya kapena kuchepetsa ndondomeko makutidwe ndi okosijeni;
• ziribe mphamvu likuwonongekera zimene mbali zida padziko;
• sanali yolowera anachita ndi madzi;
• kuteteza katundu koyamba pa yosungirako yaitali;
• kuchepetsa phokoso ndi kugwedera kwaiye pa ntchito kufala;
• unselected fumes poizoni pamene usavutike.

Molondola osankhidwa zida mafuta bwinobwino kuthetsa mavuto awo ndi kuthandiza zokulitsa moyo makina.