Hangzhou Bridge ku China

Mlatho umene uli pamwamba pa Hangzhou Bay (Hangzhou, China) ndi umboni winanso wosonyeza kuti nthabwala zokhudzana ndi zinthu zochepa zomwe zimatulutsidwa ku Middle Kingdom sizikhala zoyenera nthawi zonse. Imeneyi ndiyimodzi mwazinthu zamakono kwambiri padziko lapansili ndipo zimakhala ndi kukongola kwakukulu. Kutalika kwake ndi makilomita 36.

Kupanga

Kufufuza kwa nthawi yaitali ndi kuyankhulana pa kuthekera kwa kumanga mlatho kumalo ano kunayamba mu 1994 ndipo kunatha zaka zisanu ndi zinayi. Pokonzekera polojekiti yake, akatswiri abwino ndi aluso ochokera kumadera onse a dziko lathu lapansi adakopeka, omwe alipo oposa mazana asanu ndi awiri. Chifukwa cha ntchito yovuta, omangawo anavomera pa lingaliro lakuti mlatho ku Hangzhou, chithunzi chake chomwe chili pansipa, chiyenera kuthandizidwa ndi zingwe zamphamvu, chifukwa chidzapangitsa kuti zikhale zogwirizana ndi zovuta zowonongeka pansi, mitsinje yamadzi yambiri, ndi mafunde okwera pa malo omanga. Chotsatira chake, molingana ndi mawu a olenga, chinthu ichi chimatha kulimbana ndi chivomerezi ndi mphamvu za mfundo zisanu ndi ziwiri pa scale Richter.

Ntchito yomanga

Bwalo la Hangzhou ku China linayamba kumangidwa mu June 2003. Patapita zaka zisanu ntchito zonse zinatsirizidwa, ndipo patatha chaka, kutsegulidwa kwatsegulidwa kunachitika. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kuponyedwa kwa mfundo zonse ndi zomanga nyumba zinkachitika kumtunda. Pambuyo pake, zigawozo zinatengedwa kupita kumalo omangidwira, kumene anakhazikitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zazikulu zozungulira. Kuti abwere mwamsanga kwa wina ndi mzake, omangawo amagwiritsira ntchito nthawi zambiri kuposa ma GPS.

Vuto lalikulu

Vuto lalikulu limene akatswiri a ku China anayenera kuthetsa asanaimangire Bridge Bridge anali kuwonongeka kwa mpweya wa chilengedwe chomwe chimakhala ndi zigawo zakuya za madzi pamzere wake waukulu. Pakati pa maphunziro apadera apadera a nthaka zomwe zimagwirizana ndi ndondomekoyi, idatulutsidwa. Motero, kuthekera kwa kuwononga kapangidwe kogwirizanitsa kayendedwe ka zomangamanga pazifukwazi kwatha.

Kupeza

Monga tanenera pamwambapa, chinthucho chinayambika mu 2009. Mwambo wotsegulira, womwe unali wamwano kwambiri, unapezekapo ndi anthu ambiri. Pamsonkhano woperekedwa ku mwambowu, mtsogoleri wamkulu wa Vang Yong adalengeza kuti Hangzhou ndi mlatho wautali kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Komanso, katswiriyu anagogomezera kuti polojekitiyi inagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yovuta kwambiri, popeza kuti pakalipano pali makina atatu pamwamba pa dziko lapansi, mphepo yamkuntho imapezeka nthawi zambiri. Pamapeto pake, injiniyo inagogomezera kuti mlatho uwu ndi umodzi mwa zofunika kwambiri osati ku China yekha, komanso pa Dziko lonse lapansi.

Kulongosola kwachidule

Mlatho wotchedwa transoceanic wa Hangzhou umadutsa malo otchedwa Eponymous bay, omwe ali mbali ya East China Sea, komanso mtsinje wa Qiantang, womwe uli ku Yangtze Delta. Monga tanenera kale, kutalika kwathunthu ndi makilomita 36. Zomangamanga izi zidapangidwa ndipo zimangokhala ngati kalata ya Chingelezi "S". Ndi mbali imodzi ya msewu waukulu wa gombe lakummawa la China, chifukwa cha kumpoto ndi kummwera kwa dzikoli zimagwirizana. Mlatho umachokera mumzinda wa Jiaksin, ndipo umatha ku Nimbo. Malingana ndi zolembedwa zolembedwa, nyumbayi yapangidwa kuti ikhale ndi zaka zana zokwanira. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kubwezeretsedwa kwaling'ono kwa izo sikufunikanso kale kusiyana ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka zana zotsatira.

Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti malowa ali ndi magawo asanu ndi anayi ndipo amavomereza kupezeka kwa dongosolo lamakono lotetezera kuti zitha kusweka ndi kubweretsa zotsatira zake. Okonzawo amalingalira zochitika za seismological za dera lomwe limadutsa, kotero umphumphu wake sudzasokonezeka ngakhale pali zivomezi zamphamvu.

Mfundo Zazikulu

Malinga ndi ziŵerengero, tsiku lililonse ku Hangzhou Bridge imayenda pafupifupi magalimoto okwana 50,000. Mu mbali iliyonse, pali njira zitatu. Chiwerengero chonse cha msewuwu ndi mamita 33. Zitsambazi zili pamwamba pa madzi otsika kwambiri (pamtunda wa mamita 62), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisawonongeke zombo zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zombo zodyeramo, zomwe ziri m'badwo wachinayi ndi wachisanu. Kutalika kwa chingwe chogwiritsidwa ntchito pochirikiza Bridge ya Hangzhou ndi makilomita 32.2. Malire othamanga pa malowa ali pa makilomita 100 pa ola limodzi.

Machitidwe a GPS omwe tatchulidwa pamwambapa, omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito yomanga nyumbayi, tsopano akugwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana momwe zilili panopa ndi maulendo a bata, ndipo ngati pangakhale ngozi kapena zolakwika zina, amachenjeza antchito ogwira ntchitoyo.

Chilumbachi

Pakati penipeni pa mlatho ndi chilumba chokhala ndi masentimita zikwi khumi, zomwe zimapangidwira kupuma. Pali mwayi wambiri wa apaulendo pano. Izi zikuphatikizapo magetsi, malo odyera, mahoteli komanso ngakhale malo osungirako zinthu. Chifukwa cha ichi chilumbachi chimakonda kwambiri alendo. Ambiri a iwo amabwera kuno kuti apeze mwayi wowona mtsinje wotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi maso awo. Amakopedwanso kumapaki okonda zosangalatsa. Pofuna kuteteza chiwonongeko, chilumbacho chili ndi makonzedwe atsopano komanso njira zopezera chitetezo komanso kumangidwa pamphasa.

Zotsatira zabwino

Ulendo wa Hangzhou utangotha kumene unawathandiza kwambiri kuti chitukuko chonsecho chichitike. Bwanamkubwa wa kuderalo atangoyamba kutsegula, adanena kuti m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Yangtze , njira zogwirira ntchitoyi zakhala zikuwonjezeka kwambiri. Kuonjezera apo, ndondomeko ya chitukuko cha zachuma cha dera yayipitsidwanso. Munthu sangathe koma amadziwa zomwe zili zofunika kwambiri, zomwe zimachepetsa mtunda wa pakati pa Shanghai ndi Ningbo ndi makilomita 120. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, nthawi yoyendayenda kuchokera mumzinda umodzi wofunika kupita ku wina inadulidwa pakati - mpaka maola awiri.

Otsalira zazikulu ndi makontrakitala

Malinga ndi omwe amalonda a polojekitiyi, Bridge ya Hangzhou inakhala chizindikiro cha kukula kwa mphamvu yachuma ya dziko lonse. Ali ndi zifukwa zomveka zokhalira kunena, popeza atapeza kuti akupeza chuma chamtunduwu, adalumphira mwamphamvu. Mtengo wa pulojekitiyi unali pafupi madola 1.4 biliyoni a US. Miliyoni 18 miliyoni adathandizidwa ndi makampani khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri omwe ali m'deralo. Wopanga ndalama kwambiri ameneyo anali gulu la Songcheg, amene ndalama zake zimakhala 17.3%.

Katswiri wamkulu wa polojekitiyi ndi kampani ya China Railway Bridge Bureau Co Ltd. Kampani ina ya mayiko ena a Ty Lin yakhazikitsa polojekiti. Kukonza ndi uphungu, Hardness & Hanover Corporation, yomwe imadziwika padziko lonse, inali ndi udindo. Mgwirizanowu walembedwa ndi Ben C Gerwick.