Alpine kungomanga: kupanga makhalidwe. Mountain Alpine kungomanga

Alpine kungomanga - nyengo m'mbiri ya mapangidwe kutumphuka lapansi. Mu nyengo iyi anapanga apamwamba dongosolo phiri dziko - HimalayasI. amadziwika Kodi chi? mapiri zimene ena Alpine kungomanga kulibe?

Dongosolo la matanthwe a pansi padziko

Mu nthaka, mawu 'm'khola' monga ukusunthira kutali kufunika kwake koyamba. Zimatanthauza kutumphuka gawo limene zimasokoneza "ankangodzigwera". Kawirikawiri mtundu amapezeka mu zigawo yopingasa. Mothandizidwa ndi njira mkati Lapansi udindo yake adasandulika. Iye anaŵerama kapena wothinikizidwa ndi toyalana m'madera pafupi. chodabwitsa Ichi chikudziwika ngati lopinda.

nyumba apangidwe ndi m'goli. Nthawi maonekedwe awo ndi chitukuko mayina malinga ndi nyengo miyala. The wamkulu ndi Archean. Iye anamaliza mawonekedwe akadali zaka mabiliyoni 1.6 zapitazo. Kuyambira pamenepo, ambiri njira kunja kwa dziko anatembenuka mu chigwa a.

Pambuyo Archaean kumeneko Baikal, Caledonian, Hercynian, Mesozoic orogeny. The zaposachedwapa ndi nyengo ya Alpine kungomanga. Mu mbiri ya mapangidwe kutumphuka padziko lapansi kuti akuchita zaka 60 miliyoni. dzina nyengo koyamba anafuulira ndi French miyala ndi nthaka Marcel Bertrand mu 1886.

Alpine kungomanga: khalidwe nthawi

Lothandiza akhoza kugawidwa m'mbali ziwiri. M'nthawi ya ntchito padziko Lapansi limapezeka deflections. Pang'onopang'ono, iwo anadzazidwa ndi chiphalaphala ndi m'dambo. Kulera kotekisi ang'onoang'ono ndi makonsolo kwambiri. Gawo lachiwiri ndi chenicheni. Various njira geodynamic chinathandiza mapangidwe mapiri.

Alpine orogeny anapanga ambiri yaikulu kachitidwe kamakono phiri, zomwe zili mbali ya Mediterranean apangidwe lamba ndi Pacific chiphala mphete. Choncho, kungomanga mitundu mbali ziwiri zazikulu ndi m'mapiri ndi mapiri. Iwo ali mbali ya mapiri wamng'ono wa dziko sayenera osiyana nyengo ndi okwera.

chi, sinathe, ndi mapiri kupitiriza kupangidwa lero. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi ntchito zivomerezi ndi chiphala m'madera osiyanasiyana a Dziko Lapansi. Apangidwe dera si olimba. Zitunda zambiri mawu zamkati (mwachitsanzo, Fergana chigwa), ena amene anapanga nyanja (Black, Caspian, Mediterranean).

zone Mediterranean

Kutsikatsika Alpine dongosolo za lamba Alpine-Himalaya anatambasula mbali latitudinal lopinda. Iwo pafupifupi mwathunthu anawoloka Europe ndi ku Asia. Kuyambira mu Africa North, kudutsa Mediterranean, Black ndi Caspian nyanja, chopingasa HimalayasI kuzilumba za Indonesia ndi Indochina.

Mountain Alpine kungomanga zikuphatikizapo Apennines, Dinara, ndi Carpathians, ndi Alps, Balkans, ndi Atlas, ndi Caucasus, Burma, Himalaya, Pamir, ndi zina zotero. D. Onse kusiyana ndi mawonekedwe awo ndi kutalika. Mwachitsanzo, ndi Carpathian Mapiri - sing'anga mkulu, ndi mawonekedwe yosalala. Iwo anaphimba ndi nkhalango, ya m'mapiri ndi boma ya m'mapiri zomera. Crimea mapiri, mosiyana, ndi yotsetsereka ndiponso yamiyala. Iwo kuphimba kuposa kugula steppe ndi steppe zomera.

Mwapamwamba mapiri - HimalayasI. Iwo ali mkati mwa mayiko 7, kuphatikizapo Tibet. Phiri anatambasula 2 400 makilomita m'litali, ndi msinkhu wawo avareji makilomita 6. The chimbuzi ndi phiri la Everest ndi msinkhu wa makilomita 8848.

Pacific mphete ya moto

Alpine kungomanga ndi kugwirizana ndi mapangidwe Pacific moto mphete. Pamafunikanso zitunda ndi matendawa, kuti ali pafupi ndi iwo. Ili paphirilo Pacific mphete wozungulira.

Limakwirira Kamchatka, Kuril ndi Islands Japanese, ndi Philippines, Antarctica, New Zealand ndi Papua New Guinea kugombe la kumadzulo. Kugombe la kum'mawa la nyanja, kumaphatikizapo Andes Cordillera Islands Aleutian ndi zilumba za Tierra del Fuego.

Dzina "mphete ya moto" dera limeneli yapindula zikomo chakuti pali ambiri mapiri a padzikoli. Pafupifupi 330 mwa iwo ndi achangu. Komanso kuphulika mkati Pacific lamba Zimachitika chiwerengero chachikulu cha zivomezi.

Part wa mphete ndi motalikitsa phiri dongosolo la dziko - ndi Cordillera. Iwo anawoloka mayiko 10 a ku America. Kutalika kwa mapiri ndi 18 zikwi makilomita.