Tanthauzo, lingaliro ndi magawo a magulu ang'onoang'ono: tebulo

Munthu aliyense, mosasamala za msinkhu wake ndi ntchito yake, ali m'magulu angapo - banja, sukulu, gulu la masewera. Chiyanjano cha munthuyo ndi mamembala ena a gulu chimathandiza kwambiri pakupanga umunthu wake. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabungwe amasonyeza kusankhidwa kwa magulu ang'onoang'ono. Psychology imaphatikizapo kupindulitsa kwakukulu pakuphunzira za makhalidwe a anthu ochepa komanso gawo lawo mdziko.

Kodi gulu laling'ono ndi lotani?

Pogwiritsa ntchito magulu ang'onoang'ono, n'zotheka kuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane ubale wa munthu ndi chilengedwe chake, chikoka cha anthu pa mamembala ake. Choncho, mu kufufuza zamagulu, malo ofunikira amakhala ndi "gulu", "kagulu kakang'ono", "kagulu ka magulu". Chowonadi ndi chakuti anthu ambiri amathera miyoyo yawo m'magulu ang'onoang'ono omwe amakhudza kwambiri mapangidwe awo.

Gulu lachikhalidwe ndi gulu la anthu ogwirizanitsidwa ndi ntchito yogwirizana ndi dongosolo la ubale wawo. Magulu oterewa amagawidwa ndi kukula kwake, ndiko kuti, ndi chiwerengero cha ophunzira.

Gulu laling'ono ndi gulu laling'ono la anthu ogwirizanitsidwa ndi zochitika pamodzi ndi kulumikizana mwachindunji wina ndi mzake. Chidziwitso cha gululi ndi chakuti chiwerengero cha mamembala ake sichidutsa makumi awiri, choncho amatha kulankhulana momasuka ndi kukhazikitsa kugwirizana.

Zizindikiro

Pali zifukwa zingapo, zomwe zilipo zingasonyeze kuti gululi ndiloling'ono:

• Kukhalapo kwa anthu mu gawo lomwelo pa nthawi inayake;
• Kuyankhulana kwapakati pakati pa mamembala a timu, kukhalapo kwa ubale wolimba;
• Ntchito zothandizira zokwaniritsa cholinga chimodzi;
• Kusiyana pakati pa mamembala a gulu;
• Kukhalapo kwa kayendetsedwe ka bungwe ndi kayendetsedwe;
• Mapangidwe a zikhalidwe zawo.

Pa zizindikiro izi ndi chikhalidwe cha mawonetseredwe awo, lingaliro ndi kagulu ka magulu ang'onoang'ono amapangidwa. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mgwirizano wamaganizo pakati pa mamembala aliyense kungachititse kuoneka kwazing'ono ndi zomangamanga.

Mitundu ya mabungwe

Pali zifukwa zingapo zokhudza mtundu wa magulu ang'onoang'ono omwe amapangidwa. Gome ili m'munsi likuwonetsa mitundu ya mabungwe ang'onoang'ono.

Chikhalidwe cha maubwenzi apakati

Kufotokozera ndikutchulidwa kwa magulu ang'onoang'ono mogwirizana ndi zomwe zimachitika. Msonkhano wodalirika umapangidwa ndi oyang'anira ndipo uli ndi udindo walamulo. Ntchito zawo zimayendetsedwa ndi zolemba zina. Gulu la kagulu kotere limapezeka pa "pamwamba-down" maziko, ndipo mgwirizano pakati pa anthu ake umatsimikiziridwa ndi bungwe.

Magulu osalongosoka amayamba pokhapokha chifukwa cha kugwirizana kwa magulu a anthu. Mabungwe oterewa alibe udindo wovomerezeka, ndipo ntchito zake ndizochokera "pansi". Komabe, amakhalanso ndi zikhalidwe ndi zikhalidwe zina zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mamembala onse a gululo ndikukonzeratu makhalidwe awo. Ngati m'mabungwe ovomerezeka mtsogoleriyo ali ndi mphamvu zowonongeka, ndiye m'mabungwe olankhulira amachitapo kanthu pozindikira ena.

Olemba ntchito

Pa chinthu chofunikira kuyanjana ndi munthu, gawo lina la magulu a anthu limakhazikitsidwa. Gulu laling'ono, zomwe zimakhala ndi udindo wofunikira kwa munthu, zimatchedwa reference (Reference). Wogwirizanitsa timagulu ta mtengo wake, amapanga miyezo yoyenera. Kagulu kotere kamagawidwa m'magulu awiri a subspecies:

• Zangwiro . Munthuyo sagwirizana, koma mwa khalidwe lake amatsogoleredwa ndi zikhalidwe zake.
• Kukhalapo kwa gulu. Munthu ndi membala wazogwirizanitsa ndikugawa.

Madera aang'ono amathandiza kwambiri pakupanga umunthu wa munthu. Mwanayo amawona zikhalidwe zovomerezeka m'banja komanso pakati pa abwenzi. Pankhaniyi, magulu ang'onoang'ono angakhalenso ndi zotsatira zoipa payekha - kuthetsa makhalidwe ake (kulepheretsa), kukakamiza zolinga zolakwika.

Chikhalidwe cha anthu

Mabungwe ang'onoang'ono akhoza kugwira ntchito yosiyana pakati pa anthu, malinga ndi zikhalidwe ndi zolinga zomwe gulu lotsatira likuchita. Chiwerengero cha magulu ang'onoang'ono, pogwiritsa ntchito chiwerengero cha chikhalidwe cha anthu, chimasonyeza kukhalapo kwa mitundu itatu ya mayanjanidwe: magulu apamtima, osagwirizana ndi anthu komanso osagwirizana nawo. Potero, amakhala ndi gawo labwino, losalowerera ndale. Kwa magulu ang'onoang'ono omwe ali ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi maphunziro, anthu, mabungwe opindulitsa. Anthu savomerezedwa ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana, omwe amasunga ulamuliro kwa mamembala awo.

Utsogoleri wa Gulu

Utsogoleri umaphatikizapo zinthu zingapo zofunika pakukonzekera ntchito za bungwe. Lingaliro limeneli likuphatikizapo kupanga mapulani, kukhazikitsa zolinga, kukonzekera ndondomeko, kulamulira, kugwirizana, ndi zina zotero. Pali magawo ovomerezeka a magulu ang'onoang'ono potsata njira yosamalira. Pali maubwenzi otere:

• Kugonjetsa (kuchokera pamwamba);
• Kukonzekera (kosakanikirana dongosolo);
• Kukonzekera (kuchokera pansipa).

Kukonzekera bwino kwa ntchito kumaphatikizapo kuphatikiza mfundo izi, kupeza njira yabwino yolumikizana.

Mutu wa gululo

Mbali ya bungwe la magulu ang'onoang'ono ndi kulekana kwa mtsogoleri. Ndi membala wa bungwe lomwe limakhudza kwambiri ntchito zake. Amalemekezedwa pakati pa anthu ena chifukwa cha umunthu wake komanso amasewera mbali yofunikira pa kayendetsedwe ka gululo. Ntchito ya mtsogoleriyo ikufikira kulankhulana kwa mkati ndi kunja. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti magulu a magulu achita nawo mbali muzochita zofanana, akuyendetsa pazokambirana. Pali mndandanda wa magulu ang'onoang'ono, malinga ndi momwe mtsogoleri akuyendera mu ntchito za mgwirizano komanso momwe munthu aliyense amathandizira polojekiti. M'mabungwe opambana kwambiri (onse olankhulana ndi ovomerezeka), muyeso umawonetseratu pakati pa zovuta ziwirizo.

Makina Oyang'anira

Mndandanda wa magawo a magulu ang'onoang'ono, omwe amachititsa kuti mamembala a bungwelo azigwira nawo ntchitoyi, akuphatikizapo zinthu zitatu zomwe zikuwonetsedwa mu tebulo ili m'munsiyi.

Palinso chiphunzitso cha X ndi Y. Pachiyambi choyamba, munthu poyamba amapewa ntchito ndipo amasankha kuyang'aniridwa. Nthano Y imaganiza kuti munthuyo ali ndi chikhalidwe chodziletsa komanso amayesetsa kukhala ndi udindo. Choncho, njira ziwiri zosiyana zimagwirira ntchito pano.

Mgwirizano wa Gulu

Zizolowezi zomwe zimagwirizana mu mgwirizano zimakhudza njira ya moyo wa membala wake. Aliyense amadziwa kuyesayesa kochitidwa ndi kagulu ka ana, kumene anthu omwe anavomerezana kale anayankha yankho funsolo, ndipo phunziro lomalizira libwereza mawu a anzako. Chodabwitsa ichi chimatchedwa conformism. Maganizo a anthu ambiri a kagulu kakang'ono kamakhala ndi maganizo a munthu payekha. Chosiyana ndi chochitika ichi chikhonza kukhala ufulu, ndiko kuti, kudziimira payekha malingaliro a munthu kuchokera ku malingaliro a chilengedwe.

Ndikofunika kukhazikitsa magulu ang'onoang'ono monga momwe amachitira ndi munthu aliyense. Kuposa kutumizidwa kwa mgwirizano, kutchulidwa kwakukulu kotchulidwa.

Kupanga gulu laling'ono

Gulu lirilonse lidutsa muzigawo zingapo za chitukuko. Akatswiri a zamaganizo G. Stanford ndi A. Roark anayamba chiphunzitso chomwe chimaphatikizapo magawo asanu ndi awiri a kupanga gulu. Phunziroli likuchokera pazitsanzo ziwiri za chitukuko cha timu, kumene kuli kusiyana pakati pa bizinesi ndi zochitika zamaganizo.

1. Kudziwa, zoyesayesa zoyamba pa kuyanjana pakati pawo.
2. Kupanga zikhalidwe za gulu.
3. Gawo la mkangano.
4. Chikhalidwe chokhazikika, kutulukira kwa kugwirizana.
5. Kupanga mgwirizano - ntchito yamalonda ikuwonjezeka, zolinga zambiri zimayikidwa.
6. Ulamuliro suli kugwira ntchito, koma mgwirizano pakati pa anthu omwe ali pa gululo.
7. Kuwongolera, kulingalira kwa bizinesi ndi zamaganizo.

Maudindo a anthu mu gulu laling'ono

Anthu a bungweli akhoza kupatsidwa njira zina zoyenera zokhudzana ndi kuthetsa mavuto kapena kuyankhulana ndi anthu ena. Ntchito zimawonetsedwa pazinthu zonse zamalonda ndi zochitika za gulu. Mwachitsanzo, pokonzekera mavuto, "woyambitsa" amapereka malingaliro atsopano, ndipo "wotsutsa" amayesa ntchito ya gulu lonse ndikupeza zofooka zake. Maudindo amawonetsedwanso mmagulu a chiyanjano cha anthu onse. Choncho, wolimbikitsayo amathandizira maganizo a anthu ena, ndipo wothandizirayo amakana maganizo ake ndikukhazikitsa mikangano.