Akamanena za chiphunzitso cha ubale wa anthu

ndi anthu - mmodzi wa ziphunzitso zazikulu anira. N'kumene anali woyamba n'komwe chinthu anthu, zomwe ndi mfundo za bungwe. Chiphunzitso n'kofunika, osati nzeru za kasamalidwe, komanso kuwerenga maganizo. Wakhala mfundo yaikulu anapeza njira wazotsatira, lomwe ndi zogwirizana kwambiri. Kwa dongosolo mwadongosolo kasamalidwe gawo lililonse la zochitika zofunika mipherezero ambiri chitukuko, pomwe nkhani yaikulu ndi munthu chimene moyo ndi kuganizira motetezera, augmentation mwa miyambo ndi mfundo za anthu ake.

chiphunzitso prerequisites

Panopa, pali kuwonjezeka chidwi anira sayansi. Mndandanda wa amalanga malowa zaka zaposachedwapa anawonjezera kwambiri. Kuti likhale chidziwitso atsopano, amene amapereka chiphunzitso cha ubale wa anthu pa kasamalidwe, muyenera kukhala ndi maganizo a sukulu yapamwamba, kumvetsa nzeru zaumunthu ake chimapangitsa chiyambi, kumvetsa njira kunachitika ndi kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha dziko makamaka.

Pa chitukuko cha anthu zimachitika kusintha kwakukulu malo okhala anthu, mpaka kusintha kwathunthu kwa mbali zonse za dongosolo. zosintha zimenezi zimakhudza zinthu ngakhale dziko.

Ngakhale kalelo ntchito gulu cholinga chapadera, akufunikira ulamuliro wabwino, mu chilengedwe cha chiphunzitso, monga chiphunzitso cha ubale wa anthu ndi bungwe lawo.

Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti akhazikitse ndi kasamalidwe koyenera ndi gulu kuthana ndi akutulukira kwa cholinga, ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Ngakhale anthu wosazindikira ofunika otchedwa makhalidwe entrepreneurial - udindo, kanthu, kutha kwa moyo pachiswe. chitukuko Special ntchito akhala pansi dongosolo kapolo.

Pa nthawi imeneyo, panali kuchinga kuchokera ulimi ndi ntchito zamanja anali amalonda ndi amalonda. Ndithudi, zonse zofunika bungwe bwino, mndandanda wa zinthu, kulamulira khalidwe ndi kutha kulimbikitsa anthu. Izi ndi zimene kasamalidwe.

Ziphunzitso za kale

Aigupto akale anasiya kalata, amene ankachita monga chiphunzitso cha ubale wa anthu, pamene pali nkhani zambiri za kasamalidwe.

deta Awa ndi othandizanso. "Malangizo Ptahhotep" (4 zikwi. Zaka zapitazo) amakhazikitsa mfundo yakuti mutu wa kufunika kokhala chete, kumvetsera mawu a obatizidwayo, osati kusiya pamaso ulole ndi zofewa moyo, monga wathuyo tsokali munthu akufuna kuposa kutsanulira zilonda kuposa kukwaniritsa zisankho zabwino.

Agiriki akale komanso si anakhalabe kucheza ndi mavuto a kayendetsedwe. Plato ananena za kufunika magawano ntchito ndi specialization ntchito. Socrates anasankha kulamulira monga malo ofunika a ntchito ndi anatsindika lapadera la boma, ntchito, malonda, asilikali m'munda. Ndipo Aroma wakale anayambitsa lingaliro la utsogoleri wolowezana okhwima, chomwenso ndi kutanthauziridwa monga chiphunzitso cha kasamalidwe ndi anthu.

Kamodzi, mu zikhalidwe za feudalism, sewerolo waukulu katundu adzakhala wodziimira waluso ndi m'mphawi. Ndiyeno anayamba bizinesi, kumene mfundo za ufulu wa chamoyo: kukhazikitsidwa kwa mitengo, malipiro, ntchito nkhawa, mpikisano.

Apadera oimira chiphunzitso ndi anthu, maganizo

Chochititsa chidwi chopereka kwa chitukuko cha yosamalira anthu anapanga Nazi zosatheka. Owen R. makamaka chidwi linaperekedwa kwa chinthu anthu. Asayansi, madokotala njira sociological pa chitukuko oyang'anira mu kumalo a ntchito, anali Endryu Yur. Iye makamaka lolunjika pa zokha ntchito.

Woyambitsa wa kasamalidwe chikhalidwe amati ndi chabwino German nzeru zapamwamba mbiri M. Weber, nayenso Austria zamaganizo Freud Z. anakhala woyambitsa wa sukulu psychoanalytic za khalidwe la anthu.

mfundo zonse zimene zimalimbikitsa chiphunzitso cha ubale wa anthu anira, ndi njira okhudzana ndi yofanana zosiyanasiyana za njira zitatu:

· Kukula kwa nzeru ntchito ndi katundu mawu ubale chuma;

· Creation wa bungwe;

· Development a dongosolo la makhalidwe abwino.

Mu mawu ena - ichi ndi chitukuko ubale ufulu msika zochokera Kuyanjana pakathi pa sewerolo ndi ogula nyengo ya gulu mfundo ya utsogoleri wolowezana ndi mapangidwe zina chikhalidwe utsogoleri ndi malamulo, mfundo abwino.

Chidwi ndi sukulu sayansi zimene anthu chiphunzitso kasamalidwe. Ndi kachitidwe ka Taylor. Iye akufuna lingaliro la kulekanitsa kupanga ndondomeko ku zinthu zosiyana ndi kudziwa njira yabwino kuchita chilichonse. Ntchito dongosolo zinachititsa kuti gulu la udindo watsopano wa olamulira. Mfundo yeniyeni apa akukonza.

njira zina zatsopano

Pakati pa anthu, chifukwa amene chiphunzitso cha ubale wa anthu anira ali kusanduka kwambiri, pali munthu modabwitsa woganiza - M. Follett Iye anali ndi chidwi ndi ndale ndi Chaanthu oyang'anira. Ngakhale m'zaka za unyamata wake Follett ntchito ku Boston lakwawo, kumene iye analandira zambiri pamoyo.

Poyamba, akamanena za chiphunzitso ndi anthu anali makonzedwe:

· Main kulimbikitsa anthu - zofuna chikhalidwe, khalidwe lawo iwo amamvera ubale ndi ena;

· Chifukwa cha kusalumikizana ndi kusintha makampani - ntchito wasanduka wosakongola, choncho, munthu kufunafuna chikhutiro ubale ndi ena;

· Anthu ambiri kanthu pa mphamvu ya maubwenzi a anthu ofanana nawo kuposa asanauzidwe kasamalidwe ndi ntchito ulamuliro;

• Ngati wogwira ntchito amaona mutu ngati njira zosowa zawo, ndi kukonzeka ku kumvera kwa mtima wake.

kuonjezera cangu

Yopangidwa chiphunzitso wa anthu ndi sayansi khalidwe kusiyana kwambiri ku sukulu ubale wa anthu. Mfundo njira yatsopano - kusonyeza antchito a mphamvu omwe, pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo za sayansi khalidwe kumanga ndi kusamalira mayanjano. Nthawi zambiri, cholinga cha sukulu iyi - kuonjezera Mwachangu mlingo bungwe mothandizidwa ndi kutukula dzuwa la anthu ogwira ntchito.

njira zoterozo mu zaka 60 wakhala wotchuka kwambiri. Ngati ena, ubale wa anthu sukulu chiphunzitso kasamalidwe, pogwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi, akunena yekha zolondola njira yothetsera mavuto kasamalidwe. postulates wake ananena kuti ntchito lodalirika ndi chiphunzitso cha khalidwe la nthawi zonse kuti aonekere kwa mphamvu ya antchito munthu ndi gulu lonse.

Komabe, njira zimenezi kokha ntchito pa nkhani zina.

olemba American ndi chiphunzitso cha ubale wa anthu ndi chigawo angalimbikitsire

Popularity wabweza zolinga chiphunzitso wa anthu kasamalidwe anthu gwero, amene m'magulu awiri:

· Yokulirapo - zochokera chizindikiritso cha zofuna;

· Procedural - apamwamba, potengera chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi nkhani maganizo awo ndi cognition.

American maganizo ndiponso zachuma, ndi woyambitsa wa chiphunzitso angalimbikitsire (1954), A. Maslow (1908-1970) ankakonda kunena kuti pakokha lotengeka ndi munthu, koma kufunika kwake ndi digiri wosangalala. Nayenso kufunika wolowezana Kumvetsela chogwidwa pa unmet kukhuta. Iwo osiyanasiyana monga m'munsi nkhani apamwamba wauzimu.

Maslow anayamba zoti zamaganizo American ndi zachuma, Professor F. Herzberg anakamba mu 1950, ziwiri chinthu zolinga ukhondo chitsanzo:

· Kuganizira amatanthauza: zili ntchito, kupambana, kutchuka, kapena mwayi kusintha ndi chitukuko ntchito;

· Ukhondo zikuphatikizapo: kantchito, kulipira, chiŵerengero cha boma asapita mu timu.

Only wosangalala zinthu izi adzatsogolera ndi kuwonjezeka mu dzuwa la wogwira ntchito.

chinthu anthu

Chiphunzitso cha ubale wa anthu ndi anthu, anthropocentric Chaanthu ndi kasamalidwe bungwe ndi amphamvu mentalizing zokwanira.

Monga gawo la ndi chiphunzitso cha sukulu ya ubale wa anthu, mfundo yaikulu yokhudza ntchito zonse ndi chitukuko cha ogwira ntchito maluso kuthetsa mavuto awo kuthandiza multidimensional, ntchito kudziletsa kukonza limagwirira, ulamuliro mkati, humanization ntchito, zolimbikitsa ndondomeko ya mphamvu gulu ndi ulamulilo wokomela.

Mu maganizo, ndi "anthu Chinthu" amanena za munthu, gulu, anthu ndi anthu, imatengedwa m'gulu dongosolo kulamulira ndi kudziwa mpikisano wa, dzuwa la bungwe. dziko ili mkati mwa munthu, vuto lake, maganizo, zokonda, zochitika, ndi zina zotero. N. Mwa njira imeneyi, mtengo ogwira ntchito, suona monga mtengo koma monga anali wofunika kuti ayenera bwino ntchito.

Zikhulupiriro za Alfred ndi McClelland

Akuti sayansi khalidwe, kuwonjezera mfundo Maslow A., awiri otchuka: Alfred K. (kuli anthu, kukula ndi kulankhulana) ndi D. McClelland (mphamvu, kupambana, kuphatikizidwa).

Kusiyana Alfred mfundo chiphunzitso Maslow akuti:

· Movement mu utsogoleri wolowezana akhoza kukhala pansi-mmwamba, ndi mosemphanitsa, chikapanda zosoŵa za apamwamba msinkhu;

· Kupezeka kwa mizere iwiri angapeze zina zoti achite.

Olic mfundo McClelland ku Maslow: zofuna sali pansi pa utsogoleri wolowezana, ngakhale kusonkhezera wina ndi mnzake.

Postulates MacGregor

Kwambiri pa chitukuko cha chiphunzitso cha chiphunzitso ndi anthu anasiya MacGregor «X / Y». Postulates «X»:

· Munthu ayenera kukakamiza ntchito mpaka ziletso ndi;

· Anthu safuna kukhala ndi udindo, choncho amasankha kukhala pansi malangizo;

· Munthu wina zachabechabe pang'ono ndi yaikulu zosowa zake ndithu tsogolo la tsiku.

Postulates za "U":

· Munthu zokhudza ntchito kukula ndi zinachitikira;

· Ngati munthu ali wokonzeka kukhala ndi udindo kwa kukwaniritsidwa kwa cholinga - ndipamene kudziletsa ndi sikutanthauza polojekiti mosalekeza, koma ichi ndikofunikira kuti akonze zinthu.

Zochokera «X / Y», mfundo zimenezi otsutsana, analenga njira ziwiri ntchito yosamalira anthu - autocratic ndi demokalase kalembedwe utsogoleri.

Chiphunzitso cha «X» angapo ubwino. Kurt Levin, kusanthula maganizo amadza unsembe kuyambitsa nkhani zotsatira anakamba mfundo: ulamuliro authoritarian mtima kwambiri kusiyana ndi demokalase.

Koma pamene pali ang'onoang'ono zikuluzikulu za kulenga, apachiyambi, ochezeka yaing'ono, mgwirizano osauka, chimanga chosakhwima groupthink. Komanso, pali chiwonetsero cha mokwiya ndi onse kasamalidwe ndi mamembala a gulu, pali nkhawa, maganizo pamodzi ndi khalidwe ogonjera.

Mbali angalimbikitsire ndi akamanena za ubale wa anthu chiphunzitso "Y" umalimbana akulimbikitsa anthu timu kudzimvera actualization lomwe lili ndi zomveka chuma nthaka. ngati kasamalidwe mfundo si kulowetsedwa wa wantchito mu dongosolo osasinthika ndi kusakanikirana mu timu ntchito.

Izi zikusonyeza kuti makhalidwe kasamalidwe ayenera kulimbikitsa membala aliyense gulu kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo, chiongo chake zingakhale ntchito bwino kwambiri za gulu la Yehova.

Chiphunzitso ndi Modernity

Mu nthawi yomaliza kukhala chiphunzitso cha «Z» (Mlembi - yunivesite ya California Professor Ouchi V.).

Western School of Management (Human Resources) wakhala nthawi yaitali mawonekedwe. Pamafunikanso ntchito ndi Douglas J., Klein S., D. Hunt asayansi. anthu ogwira ntchito mfundo - chithunzithunzi ongolankhula ya mmene zinthu zinalili chinthu molimba luso kupikisana m'mafakitale kwambiri ndi digiri yapamwamba ya zipangizo zamakono ndi ogwira oyenerera, milingo angalimbikitsire, mitundu gulu, ndi ena zinthu zina zimene ndiyo dzuwa la antchito.

ulamuliro pa anthu ogwira ntchito, Shane E., muli zotsatirazi ntchito kasamalidwe dongosolo mderali:

· Analysis mavuto ntchito ya gulu lake, kuwunika mphamvu ndodo, akulembedwa chilengedwe cha gulu uziyenda;

· Kasamalidwe Direct: chizindikiro anapanga malamulo, ndalama zolimbikitsa, kusunthira mmwamba makwerero ntchito, kukonzekera ntchito, chitukuko luso;

· Kuwonjezera kapangidwe gulu, ntchito ndondomeko kasamalidwe, Kukonza ndi kukhazikitsa njira zina ndi mphoto yoyenera;

· Mapa zosintha, retraining cha anthu, kukhazikitsa kusintha Mkhalidwe anira ntchito.

Akamanena za makono mfundo yosamalira anthu ndiyo yopeza akulembedwa, chifukwa ntchito yokonza mphamvu ntchito, chitukuko akatswiri ndiponso maphunziro zinthu chiwonetsero cha madipoziti akhala chuma yotheka.

The chiyembekezo lakuti: review a malipiro-ntchito ngati gwero zikuluzikulu kupanga, kukana malingaliro mphamvu ntchito - ndi zosadziwika chuma kuti sikutanthauza ndalama ndalama ndi mavuto pa gulu abwana. anthu ogwira angalenge phindu kwa mwini, mtengo wa potsata ntchito, nthawi ndi dzuwa la anthu.