History mikate. Mitundu ya mikate ndi yokongola. mikate kirimu

mikate History anayamba zaka zoposa zikwi ziwiri zapitazo, ndipo lero popanda chakudya chokoma uyu alibe pochitika, palibe chikondwerero. Ukwati chofufumitsa, mikate kwa chidzatha liti, koma ambiri Chofunika - choti ana. No mwana simungathe kulingalira kubadwa kwake popanda keke kuwomba kuchokera makandulo, amene kwenikweni ankakhala mu chakudya chokoma ichi. Azambiriyakale akadali kukanganira za maonekedwe a mikate woyamba. Tikupereka lero kuti ayanjane ndi mfundo za asayansi, ndi maganizo a zokongoletsera, ndi mbiri ya ndiwo zochuluka mchere otchuka.

mikate Provenance

Lero, palibe amene sangathe bwinobwino adzatchedwa dziko limene choyamba anaonekera azichitira. Mbali iliyonse ya dziko anatchuka chifukwa amasangalatsa ake zophikira, ndipo nthawi zonse anthu ndi sizikakutherani makamaka ankachitira ndi maswiti. Pali maganizo oti mikate choyamba anaonekera chifukwa cha gourmets wa East, ndipo iwo onse odziwika maswiti kum'maŵa, omwe anapangidwa kuchokera uchi, mkaka ndi zitsamba. zaka zambirimbiri zapitazo, mawonekedwe awo ndi amatikumbutsa anthu mapayi ndi chofufumitsa, amene tsopano amadziwika. kukoma kwawo ndi fungo anatha amabweretsa m'maganizo ngakhale Gourmet kwambiri ayi.

Ena amati ndi maganizo, ndipo uzipereke mbiri ya chiyambi cha mkate ndi mfundo yake ya view. Iwo amati mawu ali mizu Italy ndi anamasuliridwa ngati chinachake woyengeka, maluwa, wokongola. Akatswiri amanena tanthauzo ili kwa mawu keke chokongoletsedwa ndi mitundu yambirimbiri, dongosolo ndi zolemba.

Koma ife sitingakhoze kugwirizana ndi maganizo France ndi mafasho mu ndiwo zochuluka mchere ndi. Ndi m'dzikoli pali nambala yaikulu malo omwera kumene mungasangalale mchere zokoma. Mwina ophika ndi mkate mu France kamodzi kuphika mkate choyamba. Zinali ku France m'mayiko ambiri ndi zambiri maphikidwe, amene n'ngotchukabe kwambiri. Mu Russia, pali mbale ambiri omwe mwamwambo ankaona kuti Russian, koma kamodzi anawakonzera oyang'anira zophika ku France, ntchito mu olemera Russian mabanja.

ndiwo zochuluka mchere Russian

Ngati inu muyang'ana pa zakudya Russian, umene unali zaka zingapo zapitazo, zingakhale anadabwa kuona kuti sitinali zosiyanasiyana ngati mbale, amene alipo tsopano. Ife nakokera zinachitikira oyang'anira zophika yachilendo, modernized, ndipo anapanga njira zawozawo pa kudziŵa anapeza. N'chimodzimodzinso wa ndiwo zochuluka mchere wokoma. mikate History mu Russia anayamba ndi yokonza mikate ukwati. Izo sizinali zonse za mikate, koma iwo anaphika pa mwambowu, ndipo anali ambiri zokoma komanso yokongola mitundu yonse ya mikate. Mkate kwa Mkwatibwi nthawi zonse wakhala mawonekedwe zozungulira, kufanizira dzuwa, kotero chonde, umoyo ndi thanzi. Chokongoletsedwa Bwino mkate, dongosolo, anaikidwa pakati pa chithunzi "mkwati ndi mkwatibwi".

mbiri-baka ichidachi

Potiuza nthano ya mkate, sindikufuna kuti muphonye nthawi pamene Confectionery katswiri anatengedwa kupita ku tsamba la Guinness Book.

Keke yakula ankauwotcha oyang'anira zophika American mu Alabama. Chimphona matani oposa makumi asanu, anali ndi kuchuluka kwa zigawo, mmodzi wa pophika chachikulu ndi ayisikilimu. Kupanga zophikira chozizwitsa zinali zachilendo - ankafotokozedwa boma monga ndi pa mapu.

Mu US ndi umboni lokonzedwa kukula. keke iyi inatulutsa oyang'anira zophika ku Michigan. Keke towered mamita makumi atatu pamwamba tebulo, wopangidwa mwa zigawo zana.

Mu Peru, izo anatha kulenga mchere kuti kutalika anali mamita 246. Ndipo wake umenewu anakhala keke motalikitsa nthawi. Atatha poyera kwa anthu, izo kudula mutizidutswa tating'ono ting'ono, ndipo anachitira ana Peru, amene mwezi uno chikondwerero cha tsiku la kubadwa kwake.

Russia, nawonso, anatha moonetsera talente, ndi oyang'anira zophika akhoza kuphika lalikulu kubadwa mkate chingamu - wotchuka kwambiri m'sitolo mu Moscow. Chimphona anali mu msinkhu wa mamita atatu ndi matani atatu.

mikate zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo

Koma ngati mukhoza ndiwo zochuluka mchere miyeso amenewa, ngati si angapo zigawo? History tiered mikate inayamba mu London, kumene Chinsinsi anadza kwa America ndi ku United States ndi Russia. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale amati zigawo angapo analola kulenga ndiwo zochuluka mchere yaikulu zikondwerero zake, kumene kupita ku nambala yaikulu anthu. Iwo zinkachokera ku holo pa ngolo wapadera, zomwe zina anatsindika chofunika kwa mphindi. Posachedwa izi amasangalatsa zophikira zatchuka kwambiri. Chakudya chokoma, wopangidwa mwa zigawo zingapo, anapangidwa kwa zikondwerero zosiyanasiyana, ndi kukongoletsa iwo m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Kodi mitundu ya mkate zokongoletsa anakhala wotchuka kwambiri?

kirimu

inu mukhoza kulenga katswiri weniweni wa kirimu. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, mikate kirimu anali koyamba mu France, chifukwa mkate wa dziko anatha kulenga Meringue mapuloteni kirimu creme brulee, caramel ndi toppings zina chokoma. Iwo alinso nthawi yoyamba ndipo anayamba ntchito kirimu kukongoletsa mitundu yonse ya mikate. Lero, France malinga mafashoni yokongola ya mikate ndi abale awo akuluakulu.

pamakhala chokoleti

Kirimu chofufumitsa akhoza chokongoletsedwa chabe chokoleti grated, koma inu mukhoza kulenga chidutswa wapadera. Mwachitsanzo, amayi zambiri, mikate kudziletsa mkate ndipo kukongoletsa ndi pamakhala chokoleti. Kukonzekera awo sayenera kukhala bwana. Inu muyenera kusungunula mtanda umodzi wa chokoleti mu madzi osamba, ndisunse izo mu weniweni ananyamuka pamakhala kapena masamba ena amakonda. Pambuyo solidification la chokoleti bwino kuchoka pepala, ndi abwino kubwereza mawonekedwe ndi kukhala mitsempha onse.

glaze

Izi ndi pophika zomwe nthawi zambiri chokongoletsedwa mikate mpaka creams. Mukhoza kusiya izo woyera, ndi mchere adzaoneka kukhala odekha kwambiri, abwino kwa maukwati. Koma ngati mwaganiza kuphika keke mwana wanu, muyenera kusonyeza yosangalala yosiyanasiyana. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya mitundu, ndipo mukhoza iwo nokha. Orange madzi repaint glaze chikasu, Beets - pinki. Mu nkhani iyi, glaze ndi kukoma yakusintha koyenera, adzakhala tastier ndi athanzi. Ndipo kuti glaze kosavuta ntchito, ndipo iye anapita bwino kwambiri mu makeke, muyenera kuwonjezera anasintha batala.

njomba pang'ono

Ngati mukufuna keke pambuyo kudula ali anapitiriza kukongola, osati kuswa mitundu yonse ya maluwa ndi pamakhala si losweka chitsanzo Choyamba kudula keke kenako kukongoletsa izo. Pamaso kuchotsa amachitira mu chipinda, kupanga ndalama pamodzi, ndi kupeza chakudya zonse.

Ngati mulibe wapadera zophikira syringe, ndipo inu mukufuna kuti akonze kirimu yofiira maluwa kapena ruffles chocolate, kutenga wamba thumba pulasitiki, ikani kirimu kapena chokoleti isungunuke. Musanayambe zokongoletsa kudula ngodya ndi ntchito.

Tsopano tiyenera kusankha Chinsinsi. Ife amati kuganizira mbiri ya mkate, amene anagonjetsa dziko ndi kukoma kwake. Mwina mukhoza kusankha mmodzi wa iwo.

Mbiri ya yatsoka chinkhupule keke

Ndithudi tsopano, si munthu mmodzi amene si anayesa biscuit. Kuyambira iwo udzabala mikate, mitanda, masikono, makeke. Biscuit zikulumikizana bwino ndi creams onse amadziwika ndi ankakonda ana azichitira. Anagonjera faifi koloko tiyi ndi mkate mkate - chizindikiro cha English tiyi. Zinali biscuit ku England kwa France ndi ku France ambiri padziko lonse. Koma zonse zinayambira?

Mawu "biscuit" - France ndipo limatanthauza 'kawiri anaphika. " Koma anaonekera mu England, ndipo sayenera kusokoneza aliyense, chifukwa mu Ages Middle, Chingerezi Chifalansa kuposa m'chinenero chawo, ndiponso ichi chinatsimidzedwa ndi kugwirizana ndi kachitidwe. Choncho kwa biscuit. Iye anawonekera nthawi yaitali kwambiri, palibe amene sangakhale ndi tsiku magwero ake chifukwa chakudya chokoma ichi poyamba anali chakudya chachikulu zombo kwambiri madzi, ndi amalinyero anadya mikate yokha. Chifukwa biscuit? Inde, chifukwa mtanda anawonjezera batala, ndi chitetezo maonekedwe a nkhungu pa mankhwala kwa iye, limene linali pafupi zikuoneka kuti chifukwa chachikulu cha kuwonongeka kwa oyendetsa chakudya. Kupita pa ulendo wautali pa nyanja kapena pa dziko kuti nthawi zambiri zinachitika Zapakati, ndipo anali kugwirizana ndi kuphunzira dziko tinkadziwa ziwalo zonse za gulu kusiyana ndi kudyetsedwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Izo zachitika kale, malinga ngati m'nyumba ya Mfumukazi Elizabeth anaganiza kuyesa chakudya amalinyero. Anagundidwa ndi kukoma kwa biscuit, ndipo kuyambira nthawi imeneyo akhala azichitira kuti magome a amazikonda anthu otchuka. Mwamsanga anasiya kukhala ndi biscuit chakudya cha anthu wamba ndi Chinsinsi cha ndalama zake pokonzekera dziko msanga.

M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri, Chinsinsi anadza kwa France, ndi ku maiko ena. Biscuit anayamba kulenga mikate yomweyo pambuyo patsogolo madera England.

Frants Zaher ndi Austria King

anthu awa anayambitsa mbiri ya chokoleti keke "Sacher", imene tsopano pafupifupi aliyense ali bwino. Chinsinsi cha kukonzekera ndi losavuta kotero, ndi kuchitira kotero chidwi cha kukoma kwake, mchere izi otchuka osachepera mitundu latsopano la mikate.

"Sacher" anayamba anatumikira ku gome la Mfumu ya Austria. Ndipo panali nkhani ngati izi: kalonga anali kulandira alendo, ndipo anauza ophika wake, madzulo ano ayenera anatumikira mbale wapadera kuti palibe amene anayesa. Ophika akhagopa, chifukwa wophika mkate wamkulu m'bwalo tsiku kufika anali akudwala ndipo sangathe. achinyamata Frants Zaher Only anaganiza kuyesa mwayi awo, ndipo sanachite mantha ndi mkwiyo zotheka mfumu. Mikate yopanda powonjezera ndi chokoleti frosting ndi kuphika - komanso pamaziko a chokoleti. Keke latembenuka chocolate, onunkhira, ndi kosangalatsa wapadera wa mwaluso panali lalanje marmalade.

Keke anapanga wotchuka ndi ophika kapena yophika anakhala zikomo wotchuka kwa zolengedwa zake chokoleti? Zilibe kanthu, chifukwa chakuti "Sacher" anakhala ankakonda chakudya chokoma osati mfumu Austria, koma anthu ambiri padziko lonse. Lero, ngakhale kwambiri zovuta kuzimvetsa lokoma dzino adzakupatsani mmalo "Zaher", kusankha pakati pa ndiwo zochuluka mchere zambiri zosangalatsa.

"Napoleon"

Zingapo mfundo zosayembekezereka wa amachitira. Nkhani yoyamba ndi mkate "Napoleon" amadzinenera kuti anali wokonzeka ku Naples, ichi ndi chifukwa chake amatenga dzina lake. Koma timakonda kudalira Baibulo chachiwiri, chifukwa chimene mkate ndi chizindikiro cha kupambana kwa asilikali a Russia pa Napoleon wamphamvu.

Mbiri ya mkate "Napoleon" ichi: akuyandikira chikondwerero cha centenary ya kugonjetsedwa kwa asilikali Napoleon pafupi Moscow. Tinaitanidwa kuti alembe bwino oyang'anira zophika menyu. Pa keke Chinsinsi ntchito confectioners wotchuka kwambiri, atumiki m'nyumba za anthu olemekezeka. Chifukwa, anaphika "Napoleon", wopangidwa mwa zosiyanasiyana mikate ankawaviika kirimu wofatsa. mawonekedwe Triangular anapatsidwa kuti panali Kugwirizana ndi chipewa wotchuka Napoleon ndi ngodya zitatu. Komabe, pambuyo ulimi inasanduka mwaluso ntchito yokonza ndi Appetizer yosavuta, anatumikira mu alendo wotchipa. maonekedwe ake anakhala mosasamala, ndi amayi ambiri, adzaphika mkate, yesani kudula nyema kuchokera alendo maso.

Tsopano "Napoleon" imatengedwa keke wamba kuti n'zosavuta kukonzekera tiyi kunyumba. Banja lililonse lili Chinsinsi chake mmene kuphika zokoma, wosakhwima "Napoleon."

Ndicho mikate zovuta mbiri. Tsopano zikuoneka kuti monga kuphika iwo, ndi kamodzi ntchito maganizo abwino a maphikidwe ndi!