Honoré de Balzac: yonena ndi ntchito mwachidule

Mmodzi wa alembi chachikulu cha m'ma XIX - O. de A Balzac. The yonena za wolemba si wolephera mofulumira ngwazi ulendo, amene analenga. Kufikira tsopano, dziko chidwi pamoyo wake.

owawa ubwana

Anayambitsa Kuzindikira anabadwa May 20, 1799, mumzinda wa Tours, limene lili pakati pa France. Novelist kubanja zing'onozing'ono koma wofuna. The bambo, wachilamulo m'deralo, Bernar Fransua Balssa adagula ndi resold dziko laipa olemekezeka. bizinesi anam'bweretsera phindu. Ichi chinali chifukwa kuti iye anasintha dzina lake, ndipo anasonyeza kuchokera zimakhalira pachibale wake ndi wolemba mabuku wotchuka Jean-Louis Gez de A Balzac, amene anali ndi chochita.

Kenako anamupatsa lolemera manambala oyambirira "de". Bernard anakwatira msungwana, Anne-Charlotte Laura Salammbo, amene anali zaka 30 junior wake. Mayi wa Honoré amachokera mabanja achifumu. mkaziyo anali ufulu wachikondi ndipo sanabise mabuku ake. Kuyambira kulumikizana pambali panali m'bale wolemba, amene ankakonda kwambiri a Anna. Namwino anapereka wolemba m'tsogolo. Pambuyo anakhala ku nyumba yogonamo.

Mu nyumba kumene malo kaye chilichonse kupatula banja, mnyamata sizinali zophweka. chidwi ana analandira Honoré de Balzac. Wambiri mwachidule anafotokoza mu zina za ntchito zake. Mavuto amene anakumana nazo pamene anali wamng'ono, ndipo kenako pano mu ntchito zake.

analephera loya

Zikuoneka kuti namatetule anatengera mbali yaikulu ya makolo, chifukwa m'tsogolo anali kutchulidwa khalidwe lake. Pa pempho la atate ndi mwana mayi anawatumiza ku koleji Vendome, kumene maphunziro a zamalamulo. Institution osiyana nkhanza mwambo mnyamata zonse analepheretsa. Pakuti yapindula mbiri yakuti slacker ndi wolanda. Pali mwana mwapeza dziko mabuku. Ndili ndi zaka 12 kwa nthawi yoyamba iye anayesa dzanja lake zolembalemba. Kenako pa ntchito zake zonse chipongwe m'kalasi.

Chifukwa cha nkhawa ndi kusowa kwa thandizo kwa odwala mwana. Makolo naye kunyumba. Odwala munthu kwa zaka zingapo. madokotala ambiri musataye chitsimikizo kuti mwanayo akhale moyo. Komabe, iye anakwanitsa kukwera kunja.

Mnyamatayo anapita kukaphunzira ntchito loya ku Paris, komwe makolo ake anasamukira. Mu maphunziro malamulo sukulu mu 1816 - 1819 zaka. Imodzi ntchito odziwitsa. Koma kwenikweni kokha anakopeka dziko mabuku. Kwa iye ndi anakokera Balzac. Wambiri sakadamwalira, koma makolo asankha kuthandiza chizolowezi mwana ndi kumupatsa mwayi.

chikondi choyamba

Atate analonjeza zaka ziwiri kuthandiza Honoré. Panthawi imeneyi mnyamatayo anali kutsimikizira kuti mukhoza ntchito malangizo osankhidwa. Panthawi imeneyi, talente tsogolo kugwira ntchito, koma palibe ndi imodzi mwa ntchito zake zinali zocheza. Tsoka loyamba "Cromwell" anali mwankhanza watsutsidwa. Ambiri, mpaka 1823, iye analemba za 20 mabuku. Kenako anaitana oyambirira ntchito zake zolembalemba cha zolakwa olimba.

Nthawi mnyamatayo anapita ku Paris ku zigawo, pamene Banja anagwidwa. Kumeneko anakumana Laura de A Berny. Zogwirizana ndi mkazi wa mbiri yake. Honoré Balzac, amene analandira osachepera chikondi akuchikazi, anapeza mu mikono ya Madame (zaka zoposa 20), wachikondi ndi wachifundo. moyo wosakondwa banja, ndi ana asanu ndi manja ake, iye anakhala chikondi chake komanso chithandizo.

Nthawi itakwana kuti afotokoze achibale mu zaka ziwiri kuti ndalama zowawa zake, Balzac analibe kanthu kupereka. Onse ankafuna gawanikani dziko mawu analephera. Choncho, banja anakana iye ndalama.

mtsempha wazamalonda

Kuyambira ndili mwana, mawu a mbuye anafuna kukhala wolemera chosayenera. Ngakhale mabuku sanali kukhala, novelist kupeza. Choyamba, limapereka buku kope zapamwamba. Upanga bungwe yosindikiza. Motero anatumizidwa ku Sardinia angapezeke ku migodi siliva wa Aroma akale. dongosolo lina amene si zabwino palokha - kulima pineapples, pafupi Paris. Komanso wosangalatsa ziwembu malonda mbiri zonse za Balzac. Mwachidule, longosolani machenjerero ake onse angathe liwu limodzi - kulephera.

Kuyambira zolephera kale ngongole yaikulu anakula kwambiri. Kundende chifukwa ngongole mayi ake anali opulumutsidwa, amene pang'ono mudzalipidwa ngongole.

Pa nthawi yaitali ya moyo wa namatetule anathamangitsa umphawi. Choncho, usiku wina mu nyumba yake ali wakuba yosavuta. Kukhudza anali kufunafuna chinachake chimene chikanakhoza chandalama. Mwini, amene panthawiyo anali mu chipinda, sanali anadabwa atamva zoti ndipo anati, "Mwa chabe mukufuna mu mdima, zimene sindinasungitse awone kuwala."

Msewu bwino

Kumvera sanali mmodzi wa makhalidwe abwino amene anali Honoré de Balzac. Wambiri ya wolemba sakanati chifukwa chotengeka kwambiri, ngati osati chifukwa chokhulupirira chosagwedera mwa tsogolo lawo. Master anapitiriza ntchito, zivute zitani.

Mu 1829, wolemba anatenga cholembera chake kachiwiri. Iye anadzipangira ndandanda lolimba. Anapita kukagona pa 6 koloko madzulo, ndinadzuka usiku. nthawi zonse analemba. Ambiri masamba kuchokera pansi pa mkono wake. Force palokha, anakhalabe makapu ambiri a khofi amphamvu.

Pantchitoyi korona bwino. Kutchuka anam'bweretsera buku mbiri "Shuany". dziko sankadziŵa amene Balzac. Wambiri ya wolemba ananena kuti mpaka izo wagwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana aliases.

Action m'buku izi zikuchitika pa French kuukira boma. Apa wolemba luso mwaluso analongosola kulimbana kwa mphamvu Republican ku Shuang.

Kalatayi amalenga "Chithunzi cha moyo payekha", "The mankhwala a matenda moyo wautali" nkhani "Gobsek".

Maziko a ntchito zazikulu

Pa mapiko a bwino mbuye mukuganiza mu 1831 kulenga mndandanda wa nkhani. Izi amayenera kukhala kufotokoza unali makhalidwe. Title - "The Human Comedy." Ntchitoyi inayamba ndi zochitika za moyo wa Paris XVIII-XIX atumwi.

makomo ambiri anatsegula kutsogolo kwa dzina la Honoré de Balzac. Wambiri munthu mphezi kutchuka anapeza mitundu yatsopano. Mu salons kwambiri yapamwamba adalandiridwa monga mlendo wolemekezeka. Kumeneko, wolemba anadziwa zambiri ngwazi za ntchito zake m'tsogolo, amene ali m'gulu la "Human Comedy". Labor Cholinga chake chinali kuphatikiza ntchito zawo zinalembedwa mu mkombero umodzi. Iye anatenga kale lofalitsidwa mabuku onse ndi pang'ono chawasintha. Zimphona mabuku osiyanasiyana anapeza pakati banja, ndiponso achibale ena. The epic chinali zigwirizana mabuku 143. Koma sikunali kotheka kuti abweretse mfundo ku mapeto a ku France.

Yapadera anali njira zachilendo kwa wolemba kuti tsoka la zilembo, chifukwa iwo anabadwa, kukula, anagwa mchikondi, wokwatiwa ndi kulera ana awo mu mabuku a masamba.

Chiphunzitso cha sewero lanthabwala

"Apamwamba Kuposa Mafuta novelist" - ili ndi dzina la Balzac analandira ofufuza. Wambiri ya wolemba kalekale kugwirizana ndi "sewero lanthabwala anthu." Amakhala ndi zigawo zitatu. Woyamba ndi yaikulu, zimene zinaphatikizapo ntchito yapita - "zina zachidule za makhalidwe abwino." Apa omvera wakumana ndi miser Gobsek, disinterested bambo Goriot, ndi French kapitawo scraper. Chigawo chachiwiri - "nzeru zapamwamba." Zimathandiza owerenga kuti amanena za tanthauzo la moyo. buku "shagreen" analowa pano. Gawo lachitatu - "Analytical Studies." Books mndimeyi kubala mawunikidwe kwambiri, ndipo nthawizina amaika nkhani pa burner kumbuyo.

Full zoseketsa zinthu yonena za Balzac. Zilandiridwenso ndakuwonetserani, koma sanali zolipirira zonse ndi mangawa zapitazi. Pali nkhani yomwe woyambitsa mlungu anapita mkonzi wake, kupempha katapila ndi chaulemu m'tsogolo. Mutu ankasiyana kukonda kwambiri chuma, kotero kawirikawiri anapereka ndalama. Wolemba wina, monga nthawi yonse, anadza kwa malipiro, koma Mlembi ananena kuti lero mwini sadzifuna. Kodi Balzac anayankha kuti iye sanali kusamala, bola ngati mutu ndalamazo.

Middle-zaka akazi

Honoré wosakongola maonekedwe koma anagonjetsa madona ambiri. Adampanda ndi lama fuyusi ndi chilakolako zimene wolemba ananena. Choncho, nthawi zonse ufulu ntchito pa kulemba wa munthu mistresses ambiri. tcheru chake zimatheka madona ambiri ngwiro, koma nthawi pachabe. Women "kaso" zaka anakonda Balzac. Wambiri ya wolemba zonse za Zopatsa chikondi. heroines awo anakhala akazi omwe sangathe 30. Anthu otero anafotokoza ntchito yake.

Iye anakhala khalidwe wotchuka kwambiri mu buku "mayi zaka makumi '." Chithunzi chachikulu - mtsikana Julie. Kudzera njira imeneyi, wolemba bwino amapereka zamaganizo a akazi. Ndi chifukwa cha ntchito imeneyi anabadwa akuti "wazaka zapakati mkazi," kuti ndi mayi wa zaka 30 mpaka 40.

kutulo

Chikondi amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu moyo wa munthu. Polish wotchuka Evelina Ganskaya anakhala mumakonda kuti munamvapo ngati Honoré de Balzac. Wambiri mwachidule akulongosola womdziwa awo. Mkazi, komanso mazana mafani zina, anatumiza kuzindikira wolemba. Munthuyo anati. Makalata anayamba. Kwa nthawi yaitali, anakumana mseri.

Evelyn anakana kusiya mkazi ndi kukwatirana wolemba. kugwirizana kwa zaka 17. Free, iye anakhala, pamene iye anamwalira. Ndiye awiri kukwatiwa. Izo zinachitika mu May 1850, m'tauni Ukraine Berdichev. Koma kuti tisangalale ndi moyo wake ku Balzac analibe nthawi. Iye anali kudwala kwa nthawi yaitali, ndipo anamwalira chaka chomwecho pa 18 August mu Paris.

Master Ankasemanso aliyense otchulidwa wake. Iye sanali kuopa kuti moyo wawo, osati yowala, komanso m'chombocho. N'chifukwa chake otchulidwa Balzac adakali chidwi kwa owerenga.