Ibsen Genrik: yonena, zilandiridwenso, osagwidwa

Ibsen Genrik anachita Sindingachite - analengedwa ndi kutsegula kwa dziko Norway Norway sewero ndi zisudzo. Ntchito zake zinali poyambirira chikondi, anali nzika akale Scandinavia sagas ( "Ankhondo Helgelade", "The yolimbirana mpando wachifumu"). Kenako akutembenukira kwa chidziwitso ndi akatswiri wophiphiritsa wa dziko ( "Brand", "Zochita Gynt"). Pomaliza, Ibsen Genrik adza kwa kutsutsa zakuthwa masiku moyo ( "A zidole Kunyumba," "mizukwa," "Mdani wa Anthu"). Pompopompo osauka, H. Ibsen umafuna ntchito ina ya Kumasuka wathunthu wa munthu.

Wolemba wina wa ubwana

Banja la wamalonda wolemera la Norway Ibsen, moyo kum'mwera, m'tauni ya Skien, mwana Henrik kumeneko mu 1828. Koma pambuyo zaka eyiti zokha, ndipo banja imawonongeka. Moyo imagwera kunja kwa bwalo mwachizolowezi kulankhulana, iwo amavutika kulandidwa mozungulira ndipo akumunyoza ena. Ibsen Genrik tcheru pang'ono za kusintha. Komabe, kusukulu, nayamba kudabwa aphunzitsi ndi mabuku awo. Childhood inatha pa zaka 16, pamene anasamukira kutawuni loyandikana ndipo anayamba kuphunzira pharmacist. Iye amagwira ntchito mu malo ogulitsa mankhawala zaka zisanu ndi zaka zonsezi ndimalota kusamukira likulu.

Mu mzinda wa Christiania

Mnyamata, Ibsen Genrik, ndi kubwera ku mzinda waukulu ndipo Christiania, m'nkhaniyo mavuto, mtsikanayu zandale. Wamaliza kuika lalifupi sewero "Herculean chitunda." Koma wake "Catiline" pali sewero sitolo. zindikirani wake ndipo auzidwa kuti Bergen.

Muholo National

Mu Bergen Ibsen Genrik amakhala wotsogolera ndi zisudzo wotsogolera. Naye repertoire zamasewero ikuphatikiza masewero chakale - Shakespeare Mlembi komanso Dumas - ndi zidutswa Denmark. Nthawiyi adzakhala moyo wa Wolemba wina wa ku 1851 kuti 1857. Kenako anabwerera ku Christiania.

Mu likulu,

Panthawi imeneyi, likulu moni mwansangala kwambiri. Ibsen Genrik anasankhidwa mkulu wa bwalo lamasewera. Chaka chotsatira, mu 1858, unachitikira ukwati wake Susanna Thoresen, amene adzakhala wosangalala. Panthawi imeneyi, zikubweretsa Norway zisudzo, iye kale anazindikira monga Wolemba wina pa kuyamika kwanu kwa kusewera mbiri "Doko Sulhauge". masewero ake atalemba mobwerezabwereza kuvala siteji. Umenewu ndi 'Ankhondo Helgelade "," Olav Lilekrans ". Iwo amasewera si Akhristu okha, komanso mu Germany, Sweden, Denmark. Koma pamene mu 1862 anaperekedwa kwa satirical kusewera pagulu - "ndi sewero lanthabwala za chikondi," amene amanyozedwa lingaliro la chikondi ndi banja, kampani kusinthira poyerekezera wolemba kotero anatsutsa kwambiri kuti pambuyo pa zaka ziwiri anauzidwa kuti achoke kwawo. Mothandizidwa ndi abwenzi, antabira maphunziro ndi kupita ku Rome.

kunja

Ku Roma, iye anali akukhala mu seclusion ndipo analemba ndime kusewera "Brand" mu zaka 1865-1866. ngwazi za sewerolo - wansembe Brand akufuna afikire ungwiro wa mumtima, umene, monga likukhalira, mu dziko ndi zosatheka. Nasiya mkazi wake ndi mwana. Koma maganizo ake wamba Sakufunikira, kapena maulamuliro, kapena wauzimu boma. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, popanda kukana zikhulupiriro zawo, ngwazi akamwalira. Izi ndi chibadwa, kuyambira chikhalidwe chake chonse ndi mlendo kwa chikondi.

Kusamukira ku Germany

Popeza anakhalako ku Trieste, Dresden, G. Ibsen potsiriza akuima Munich. Mu 1867 anafalitsa ntchito ina ndakatulo - zosiyana lenileni la sewerolo misala ansembe "Zochita Gynt". Zotsatira za ndakatulo imeneyi chikondi chikuchitika mu Norway, mu Morocco, mu Sahara ku Iguputo ndiponso kachiwiri mu Norway. Mu m'mudzi waung'ono, kumene akukhala mnyamata wamng'ono, iye ankaona ngati Joe Nsombazi, womenya amene sakuganiza mmene tingathandizire mayi ake. Iye ankapeza wodzichepetsa wokongola mtsikana Solveig, koma iye anakana chifukwa zoyipa kwambiri ndi mbiri. Lane amapita ku nkhalango uko likukwaniritsa mwana wamkazi wa mfumu ya Forest, kumene ali wokonzeka kukwatiwa, koma ichi ayenera kuwasandutsa ndi yothawathawa yonyansa. Movutikira anathawa ku ukapolo wa nkhalango mizukwa wakumana ndi kufa pa manja a mayi wake. Pambuyo pake, kwa zaka zambiri akuyenda padziko lonse ndipo potsiriza, ndi zachikale ndi imvi, akubwerera kumudzi kwawo. Palibe amene akudziwa, kupatula Pugovichnika mfiti amene ndi wokonzeka kusungunula moyo wake batani. Per kupempha reprieve ndi kutsimikizira wamatsenga kuti lonse munthu, osati chabe. Ndiyeno iye, tumbleweed, wakumana zina iye wakula Solveig akale. Zinali ndiye kuti iye wazindikira kuti iye anali wopulumutsidwa mwa chikhulupiriro ndi chikondi cha mkazi, kotero yaitali akumuyembekezera. Ndi nkhani wosangalatsa mwamtheradi, amene analengedwa ndi Henrik Ibsen. Ntchito wonse zochokera maganizo oti munthu lonse akulimbana ndi kupanda chifuniro ndi chiwerewere anthu zonyozeka.

World kutchuka

Pakutha 70 ntchentche za masewero Ibsen ayamba kuika pa dziko lonse lapansi. Lakuthwa podzudzula moyo wamakono, sewero maganizo oterewa ntchito Genrika Ibsena. Iye analemba mwa ntchito zazikulu: 1877 - "mizati ya Society", 1879 - "A zidole Nyumba", 1881 - "mizukwa" mu 1882 - "Mdani wa Anthu", 1884 - "The Wild bakha" 1886 - "Rosmersholm", 1888 - "Lady ku nyanja", 1890 - ". Hedda Gabler"

Mu masewero onsewa H. Ibsen akufunsa funso lomwelo: ndi zotheka pa moyo masiku kukhala zoona, popanda mabodza, popanda kuwononga zolinga ulemu? Kapena m'pofunika kutsatira malamulo ambiri amavomereza onse salabadira. Chimwemwe, malinga Ibsen, sikutheka. Eccentric kulalikira choonadi, ngwazi ya "bakha Wild" wawononga chimwemwe kwa ena. Inde, izo zinali zochokera bodza, koma munthu anali osangalala. Makhalidwe oipa ndiponso makhalidwe abwino a makolo kuima kumbuyo "mizukwa" wa amasewera ndipo amakonda tracings wa makolo awo, ndipo anthu osati panokha akhoza kukwaniritsa chimwemwe. Nora ku "Nyumba A zidole za" ndi kumenyera ufulu kukhala ngati munthu, osati chidole wokongola. Ndipo iye anayamba masamba nyumba. Ndipo palibe chimwemwe kwa iye. zidutswa zonse izi, kupatula mwina, imvera chiwembu okhwima ndi lingaliro la wolemba - wathedwa ngwazi kumenyana anthu lonse. Iwo amakhala opanda anzawo, koma sali wogonjetsedwa. Hedda Gabler akumenyana kudzitsutsa mwini, ndi chakuti iye ndi mkazi, amene, popeza m'banja, anakakamizika motsutsana ndi chifuniro chake kubereka. Anabadwa mkazi, iye akufuna kuchita zinthu momasuka monga munthu. Iye ndi wokongola komanso n'zaka, koma osati ufulu kapena kusankha moyo wake kusankha chosadziwika ake a tsogolo lawo. Kotero iye sangakhoze kukhala moyo.

Henrik Ibsen: makoti

Akamauzana chokhacho dziko lake, koma mwina adzakhala kukhudza zingwe za moyo wa munthu wina:

• "Munthu wamphamvu amene akumenyana yekha."
• "Kodi akupita mozungulira mu unyamata wake, akubwera apo mu akula."
• "Mawu zikwi adzasiya ndi zotsalira kakang'ono kuposa kukumbukira chinthu chimodzi."
• "Moyo wa munthu - m'zochita zake."

kunyumba

Mu 1891, H. Ibsen pambuyo 27 wazaka pakalibe, anabwerera ku Norway. Adzalemba angapo masewero, iye adzapereka kubadwa kwake. Koma mu 1906, onse sitiroko kaye moyo wa zoterezi Wolemba wina kwambiri, monga Henrik Ibsen. mbiri yake yatha.