"Iliad" - ndakatulo odzipereka kwa chaka chatha wa Trojan Nkhondo

Pakati pa zipilala wamkulu mabuku ali ndi malo a ulemu ndakatulo odzipereka kwa chaka chatha wa Trojan nkhondo. "Iliad" pamene "Odyssey", amene amati Homer - woimba, lomwe mfundo ochepa. Koma amene anali woyambitsa wa ntchito amunamuna Greek, n'kofunika kuti anabwera kwa ife, ndipo ife tikhoza kusangalala ndi chinenero melodic, zithunzi chodabwitsa ndi m'mafanizo.

Wonena akale

Mwina sitikanatha atadziwa akhungu oimba Greek, ngati osati chifukwa Titanic ntchito ya masika. Mizinda asanu ndi awiri atagwirizana mwayi malo Homer, asayansi amafukula mitu yawo, kaya analidi wakhungu, kaya nawo nkhondo kapena ayi, ngati iye analemba ndakatulo wake adalemekeza kapena monga kuyitanitsa iwo ndi systematized. Amadziwika chimodzi - wonena bwino zochitika akulongosola, chifundo ndi ngwazi zanga zonse ndi nkudabwa wogwidwa mawu. Moti ndakatulo odzipereka kwa chaka chatha wa Trojan nkhondo, wachita kale ankaona anangopeka mpaka Genrih Shliman zakale zotsalira si amphamvu mzinda. Today ndakatulo angakaphe aliyense amene awerenga. Koma zimene kunena za epic imodzi yokha nkhani anauzira olemba ndi amisiri, olemba ndi ndakatulo, olemba mbiri ndi adventurers.

The Trojan nkhondo: zimayambitsa ndi chiyambi

Monga mukudziwa, ndakatulo Homer za Trojan nkhondo anafotokoza okha chaka chatha zaka khumi kuzinga Troy. Ndipo zimene anali chifukwa chotero nthawi yaitali ya nkhondoyo? Mwana wa Trojan mfumu Paris anaba mkazi Menelaus a - wokongola Helen. Mtsikanayo wawanyengerera olamulira padziko lonse, bambo ake anapanga suitors zonse kulumbira kuti iwo sadzatenga kubwezera kusankha Helena, koma m'malo mwake, kuthandiza chiletso ake. Pamene Paris chipongwe wovutika kalonga, anasonkhanitsa khamu lalikulu, onse amene analonjeza kuthandiza, ndipo anapita Troy. zaka khumi unatha kuzinga mzinda waukulu, koma wopambana ndi sanalemberetu. Ndakatulo limatiuza za Trojan nkhondo, kuti tsogolo la anthu n'kusokoneza milungu Olympians, amenenso unagawanika m'magulu awiri kumenyana. Pamapeto pake, chikufa anaponyedwa, ndi Thunder anapatsa chigonjetso kwa Agiriki.

Chaka chakhumi cha nkhondo

Kotero, chinali chaka chakhumi cha nkhondo. Homer mankhwala akuyamba ndi makani a Achilles ndi Agamemnon, Achilles kenako wasankha osati kutenga nawo mbali pa nkhondo. Ndakatulo odzipereka kwa chaka chatha wa Trojan nkhondo, amakumbukira kuti popanda khalidwe, malinga ndi maulosi, ophatikizana asilikali Greek kuti sangathe kukalanda mzindawo. Kuona mmene maganizo Agiriki ndi Trojans cheered, Achilles Patroclus wina amavala wakeyo. Maganizo ake ndi kulimbikitsa amuna otopa analephera, koma iye afa. Achilles n'chisoni kwambiri ndipo anakwiya, iye wasankha kubwezera ndipo amapita pa nkhondo.

Oopsya ngwazi amapha Trojans ambiri, kukakamiza iwo kuti abwerere. Ndiye, ukutsika mu duel ndi Hector, mwana wamkulu wa Priam ndi m'bale wa Paris, wamupha. Usiku, mfumu ya Troy adza kwa Achilles ndipo anapempha kupereka thupi la Trojan kalonga. Kutenga nsisi munthu wakale, mwana wa mulungu Thetis, analonjeza kuti Agriki sadzapita pa kuukira mpaka anaikidwa Hector. Akagwira maliro, anafotokozedwa ndi Homer mwatsatanetsatane, nkhondo akupitiriza. Koma ndakatulo yatha. Ndipo zimene zinachitika?

chikufa watayika

Achilles nayenso sanali zoyembekezeka analanda Ilion. Muvi Paris, motsogozedwa ndi Apollo, izo zifika ku yekha ofooka mfundo za ngwazi - chidendene. Amwalira. Limasimba ndakatulo odzipereka kwa chaka chatha wa Trojan nkhondo, milungu tinaganiza pa zotsatira za nkhondo. Iwo kupereka chigonjetso kwa Agiriki, nuwawuze kutenga mzinda chozemba. Koma dzikoli kuphunzira patapita nthawi yaitali, ku ntchito za Virgil a "Aeneid." Wolemba ndakatulo wachiroma limatiuza za kugwa kwa Troy m'manja mwa asilikali zobisika kavalo matabwa, mmene Eneya, kuti asonkhanitse kupulumuka m'tauni anatumiza kuchita ntchito milungu pa dera la Rome ano. Agiriki ndi kuwononga mzinda waukulu, anagunda msewu. Mwa njira, za homecoming ya ngwazi za nkhondo imeneyi - ndi Odyssey, Homer limatiuza ndakatulo osiyana.

m'malo epilogue ndi

Za Trojan nkhondo Homer anauza kwambiri, ngakhale iye sanali kufotokoza zochitika zonse za nkhondoyi. Kuwerenga ntchito namatetule, mukhoza kuphunzira zambiri za moyo Greek m'mbuyomu, miyambo, zankhanza komanso otchuka, olimba ndi chikondi chenicheni. "Iliad" - ndi sizidzatha gwero amatha moganizira anjala kudziwa.