Ntchito zabwino za Bulgakov: mndandanda ndi mwachidule

Mihail Afanasevich Bulgakov, amene bwino ntchito ali m'nkhani ino mu moyo zolembalemba wa USSR anali ndi malo akutali. Kumverera wolowa mwambo zolembalemba kwa zaka za m'ma 19, iye anali mofanana alendo ndi chikhalidwe Kuzindikira, ndi kudzala malingaliro a chikominisi mu 1930s, ndi mzimu wa avant-garde kuyesera, khalidwe la mabuku Russian a 1920s lapansi. Wolemba zikuchepa satirical mosemphana ndi malamulo a kufufuza, zitawonetseredwa maganizo ofooketsa kuti amange cha dziko latsopano ndi kusintha mu USSR.

NKHANI la wolemba Weltanschauung

ntchito Bulgakov anasonyeza maganizo a ophunzira mu nthawi ya dismantling mbiri za ulamuliro wankhanza amakhalabe okhulupirika mfundo ya makolo abwino ndi chikhalidwe. Zimenezi anali ofunika kwambiri kwa wolemba mipukutu wake sankaloledwa kusindikiza. A mbali yofunika kwambiri cholowa cha wolemba anabwera kwa ife kudzera mu zaka pambuyo pa imfa yake.

Tikupereka inu mndandanda wa ntchito otchuka Bulgakov:

- ndi mabuku "The White Alonda", "Master ndi Margarita", "Mfundo za wakufayo;

- nkhani: "Diaboliad", "The Mazira Dzitetezeni" "Mtima wa Dog";

- nawo sewerolo "Ivan Vasilievich".

Buku "The White Alonda" (zaka za chilengedwe - 1922-1924)

Mndandanda wa "ntchito yabwino ya Bulgakov a" kutsegula "The White Alonda". Mu buku lake loyamba Bulgakov limafotokoza zochitika okhudzana mapeto a 1918, mwachitsanzo nthawi ya Civil nkhondo. Zochita za mankhwala kumachitika Kiev, yeniyeni, mu nyumba, kumene pa nthawiyo ankakhala banja wolembayo. Prototypes anzanu, achibale ndi anzawo ndi Bulgakov pafupifupi anthu onse. Mipukutu ya ntchito kuti sanapulumuke, koma ngakhale izi, mafani a buku la, zotsatirazi tsoka la ngwazi za prototypes kutsimikizira chenicheni ndi akufuna zochitika Mihailom Afanasevichem.

Mbali yoyamba ya buku la "The White Alonda" (Mikhail Bulgakov) linasindikizidwa mu 1925 magazini yotchedwa "Russian". Kwathunthu ntchito inafalitsidwa mu France patapita zaka ziwiri. Maganizo otsutsa sanali chimodzi - mbali Soviet sanavomereze pokweza wolemba adani kalasi ndi emigrant - kukhulupirika kupolisi.

Mu 1923 Bulgakov analemba kuti akonze mankhwala amenewa kuti "kumwambaku otentha ...". "The White Alonda" (Mikhail Bulgakov) anadzakhala gwero la sewero wotchuka "Masiku a turbines." Panalinso angapo zimasintha.

Nthano "Diaboliad" (1923)

Kupitiriza kufotokoza wotchuka kwambiri ntchito Bulgakov. Zikuphatikizapo buku "Diaboliad". Za m'mene amapasa imawonongeka kalaliki, wolemba limasonyeza mutu chamuyaya cha "munthu pang'ono", amene anali kapolo wa makina malamulo a mphamvu Soviet, malingaliro a Korotkov, kalaliki, anagwirizana ndi mdierekezi, kowononga. Anachotsedwa ntchito, sankatha kulimbana ndi malamulo ziwanda wantchito kenako amapita misala. ntchito A, iyambe kufalitsidwa mu 1924 mu anthology "Nadra".

Nkhani "The Dzitetezeni Mazira" (chaka kukhazikitsidwa - 1924)

ntchito Bulgakov zimaphatikizapo buku ndi "The Dzitetezeni Mazira". Zochitika zimene zikuchitika mu 1928. Vladimir Ipatievich mapichesi, katswiri wanzeru ndikupeza chodabwitsa lapadera: mbali ofiira a sipekitiramu kuwala kumakhudza popatsana pa mazira - iwo amayamba kukula mofulumira ndi kufika kukula, yokulirapo kuposa "yeniyeni." Pali drawback imodzi yokha - deta ndi chopangitsa yodziwika ndi mwai ndewu ndi luso zikuchulukirachulukira.

famu ina, lotsogoledwa ndi mwamuna dzina lotsiriza Rock akudzipereka ntchito kuyambitsa Persikov kubwezeretsa chiwerengero cha nkhuku ziweto pambuyo Russia amapitirira mliri nkhuku. Iye amatenga kamera amadyetsa pulofesa koma mosazindikira m'malo nkhuku kuti iye ng'ona, njoka ndi mazira nthiwatiwa. Zokwawa aswa kwa iwo, zonse kubereka - iwo kusamukira ku Moscow, kusesa zonse mu njira yake.

Chiwembu cha ntchito imeneyi analankhula "chakudya cha milungu" - buku ndi HG Wells, lolembedwa ndi iye mu 1904. Mu izo, asayansi anatulukira ufa omwe amachititsa kukula kwambiri a nyama ndi zomera. Chifukwa cha zinthu zatsopano mu England pali chimphona mavu ndi makoswe, ndipo kenako nkhuku, zosiyanasiyana zomera, komanso anali ziphona.

Prototypes ndipo anatengera nkhaniyi "The Mazira Dzitetezeni"

Malinga ndi otchuka philologist B. Sokolova, prototypes Persikov adzatchedwa Aleksandra Gurvicha, ndi zamoyo wotchuka, ndi Vladimir Lenin.

SERGEY Lomkin kuchotsedwa zochokera 1995 filimu ya ntchito zomwezo dzina, kuphatikizapo ngwazi zotero ndi ntchito za "Mphunzitsi ndi Margarita" monga Voland (Mikhail Kozakov) ndi mphaka mvuu (Aroma Madyanov). Oleg Yankovsky kwakukuru ankaimba udindo wa Professor Persikov.

Buku "Mtima wa Dog" (1925)

Kwa nthawi yoyamba nkhani imeneyi inafalitsidwa mu London ndi Frankfurt mu 1968. Mu USSR ndi kufalitsidwa ku samizdat, ndi kokha mu 1987, buku boma.

ntchito, zomwe zinalembedwa ndi Bulgakov Mihail ( "Mtima wa Dog"), ali chiwembu zotsatirazi. Zimene zinachitika mu 1924. Filipp Filippovich Preobrazhensky, ndi dokotala lopambana amakwaniritsa zotsatira zosaneneka mu rejuvenation ndi conceives koyesera wapadera - kuti opareshoni kuti ndikasendeza munthu galu pituitary. Bezdomny galu babu ntchito ngati mayesero nyama, ndi Clim Chugunkin wakuba uja amene anafa mu nkhondo, ndi chiwalo mwiniwake.

Pa Mpira pang'onopang'ono iyamba kugwera ubweya, anatambasula manja ndi miyendo, pali nkhope ya munthu ndi mawu. Professor la Chiwalitsiro posachedwapa Komabe, amamva chisoni za wangwiro.

Pochititsa kufufuza mu nyumba ya Mikhail Bulgakov mu 1926 izo anagwidwa zolembedwa "Mtima wa Dog 'n'kubwerera okha patapita pempho pakuti Gorky.

Prototypes ndipo anatengera "Mtima wa galu"

Akatswiri ambiri zilandiridwenso Bulgakov anatenga kuganiza kuti wolemba amasonyezera pa buku ili la Lenin (Chiwalitsiro), Stalin (mipira), Zinoviev (wothandizira Zina) ndi Trotsky (Bormental). Akukhulupirira Komanso kuti Bulgakov ananeneratu misa kupondereza zimene zinachitika mu 1930s ndi.

Alberto Lattuada, Chitaliyana wotsogolera film, mu 1976, anatenga bukhu la dzina yemweyo filimu, imene pulofesa Chiwalitsiro Max Von Sydow masewero. kutchuka Special Komabe, anatengera izi filimu analibe, motsutsana ndi chithunzi wodziwika bwino wa mkulu Vladimir Bortko, lofalitsidwa mu 1988.

Buku "Mphunzitsi ndi Margarita" (zaka 1929-1940)

Farce, Zotengera, chinsinsi, zongopeka chabe, fanizo, chikondi, nthano ... nthawizina izo zimawoneka kuti mankhwala, amene amalenga Mikhail Bulgakov a "Master ndi Margarita", Chili Mitundu onsewa.

Satana amati ndi Woland kulamulira dziko lathu ndi chimodzi kokhaku zolinga iye, kuima nthawi m'midzi yosiyanasiyana ndi midzi. Kamodzi, pa kasupe mwezi, iye akuona kuti Moscow a 1930s wa - nthawi ndi malo kumene wina akukhulupirira Mulungu kapena Satana, anakana zakuti kuli Yesu Khristu.

Onse amene amakhudzana ndi Woland, kuthamangitsa chilango choyenera kwa ogwera lililonse mwa machimo amenewa: kuledzera, ziphuphu, dyera, kudzikonda, mabodza, madano, mwano, etc.

Pangani buku za Pontiyo Pilato, Ambuye ali ndi m'mene angatetezedwe amisala, pamene Iye athamangisa kutsutsa nkhanza kwa olemba anzawo. Margaret, mbuye wake, kokha kulota za mmene kupeza Master ndi kubwerera kwa iye. Azazello amapereka ake ndikuyembekeza kuti maloto adzakwaniritsidwadi, koma mtsikana uyu ali kuti utumiki wina ku Woland.

ntchito History

Baibulo loyambirira la buku munali zambiri kufotokoza thupi la Woland, aikidwa pa khumi ndi zisanu tsamba pamanja kuti analengedwa Mikhail Bulgakov. "Master ndi Margarita", kotero lili ndi mbiri yake. Choyamba, Mbuye otchedwa Astaroth. Mu 1930s mu nyuzipepala ya Soviet ndi utolankhani pambuyo limakhulupirira Gorky anali atathana mutu wa "Master".

Malinga ndi Elena Sergeevna, mkazi wamasiye wa wolembayo, Bulgakov asanafe ananena mawu amenewa onena za buku lake "Mphunzitsi ndi Margarita": "Pofuna kudziwa ... kudziwa."

ntchito sanali lofalitsidwa kufikira imfa yake. Iwo anafika woyamba kuyatsa yekha mu 1966, mwachitsanzo, zaka 26 pambuyo pa imfa ya Mlengi wake, mu Baibulo kufupikitsidwa, ndi ngongole. Buku yomweyo zinatchuka mwa anzeru Soviet, malinga ndi zimene buku boma mu 1973. Makope tinalisindikizanso ntchito pamanja, chotero kugawa. Elena anatha kusunga mipukutu kwa zaka zonsezi.

Great kutchuka anasangalala zisudzo zambiri zochokera ntchito anapulumutsa Valeriem Belyakovichem ndi Yuri Lyubimov, ankagwiritsidwanso anajambula ndi Alexander Petrovic ndi Andzheya Vaydy ndi TV zino Vladimir Bortko ndi Yuriya Kary.

"Ed buku" kapena "Mfundo wa munthu wakufa" (zaka 1936-1937)

Bulgakov Mihail Afanasevich analemba mabuku mpaka imfa yake mu 1940. buku lakuti "ed buku" anakhalabe yosatha. Pa chifukwa cha Sergei Leontyevich Maksudova, wolemba ena, limafotokoza nkhani ya dziko wolemba ndi zisudzo mbuyo.

November 26, 1936 wayamba ntchito pa bukhu. Bulgakov pa tsamba loyamba la mapepala ake ndi maina awiri: "ed buku" ndi "Mfundo wa womwalirayo." The yachiwiriyi kawiri anasonyeza iwo.

Ofufuza ambiri, buku - kwambiri kupusa cholengedwa Bulgakov. Izo analengedwa mu mpweya yomweyo, popanda zina zachidule, drafts ndi zosintha. mkazi wolembayo anakumbukira kuti, pamene iye akutumikira chakudya, kudikira kubweranso kwa mwamuna wake kuchokera usiku wa Bolshoi Theatre, anakhala pansi pa desiki ndipo analemba masamba angapo a ntchito imeneyi, ndipo kenako, kukhuta, akusisita manja ake kwa iye.

The kusewera "Ivan" (1936)

Zolengedwa otchuka monga mabuku osati ndi nkhani, komanso masewero Bulgakov. Mmodzi wa iwo, "Ivan", anapereka kwa tcheru chanu. Chiwembu yotsatira. Nikolay Timofeev, injiniya akuchita Moscow, ku nyumba kwake makina nthawi. Mkulu nyumba Bunsha akudza kwa iye, iye nkuzinyoza, chinsinsi, ndipo khoma Mwamsanga pakati pa nyumba. Anapeza mbala George Miloslavsky, atakhala Shpak nyumba ya mnzake. Injiniya chikuyamba ndi zipata ku Moscow mu masiku a zaka za m'ma 16. Ivan Grozny, mantha, iri yofulumira ku lero, ndi Miloslavsky Bunsha ndi kubwerera mu nthawi.

msangani uwu unayamba mu 1933 pamene Mr Mikhail anavomera kulemba "kusangalala kusewera" ndi nyimbo holo. Poyamba, lemba otchedwa mosiyana, "yamtendere", unapita mu chikominisi makina tsogolo nthawi, ndi Ivan Grozny anaonekera M'nkhani chimodzi chokha.

chilengedwe ichi, komanso ndalama zina za Bulgakov (mndandanda akhoza anapitiriza), m'masiku ake sanali lofalitsidwa ndipo sadzafunanso mpaka 1965. Leonid Gaidai mu 1973 pogwiritsa ntchito anapanga kanema wake wotchuka wotchedwa "Ivan Vasilyevich Kusintha Occupation".

Izi zikungofanana ndi zofunika zolengedwa zimene anapanga Mikhail Bulgakov. Ntchito za wolemba suthera pamwambapa. Pitirizani kuphunzira mozama Bulgakov akhoza kuthandizidwa kuthi ndi ena.