Islam: chikhalidwe, zomangamanga, mabuku miyambo

Chipembedzo wamng'ono mu dziko - Islam. Chikhalidwe cha anthu amene amanena kuti, zimadalira pa kukhulupirira Mulungu mmodzi, Allah ndi kulemekeza kukumbukira za mibadwomibadwo ya m'mbuyomu. Akamanena za Islam - mu asayambe zabwino za cholowa chikhalidwe cha makolo awo ndi chikhomo nthaŵi zonse malangizo a Mohammed mu Koran.

Islam amathandiza kusunga miyambo dziko ndi chikhalidwe

Chikhalidwe cha mayiko Islam pamodzi kusonyeza makhalidwe mtundu wa mafuko akuvomereza chikhulupiriro mwa Mulungu. Izi anali akuonekera bwino ntchito mabuku ndi luso oimira anthu, kuvomereza Islam. kupambana onse chikhalidwe cha Chisilamu mu njira ina ukukhudzana ndi za chipembedzo. Palibe ntchito chapadera cha zomangamanga kapena mabuku amene sakanati alemekezedwe Allah ndi mneneri wake Mohammed.

Modern chitukuko Chisilamu Kodi sasiya mbiri yake ndipo alibe kuyesa kulilembanso ilo, kupereka kale kuunika yabwino kwambiri. Izi chodabwitsa cha chipembedzo anapatsidwa. mwambo Chisilamu pa nthawi sizinasinthe. Kodi zimenezi tingazifotokoze bwanji? Mu mavuto athu dziko anakhudzidwa ndi kuwononga zosiyanasiyana chikhalidwe ndi malo chuma kwambiri zimachitika pafupifupi chaka, ndipo mibadwo ya anthu kusintha zaka zitatu zilizonse, ngati si kawirikawiri. Kulankhulana ndi mizu ya anataya, miyambo aiwala ndi kufa. Kumvetsa mmene kukumbukira payekha mitundu yawo ya Islam, m'pofunika kuti ayanjane ndi cholowa chawo, monga mabuku, zomangamanga ndi miyambo dziko.

Chiyambi cha chikhalidwe cha Chisilamu

Islam mu zaka zana-wosamvetseka wocheperapo Chikhristu. M'chaka 610, munthu wina dzina lake Mohammed wawonekera umboni chozizwitsa. Iye anali mngelo Gabriel (Gabriel) ndipo mpukutuwo ndi sura choyamba. mwambo umenewu ndi mbali ya akuluakulu maholide chisilamu ndipo amatchedwa Laylat al-Qadr. Mkulu Mngelo anafika Mneneri patadutsa zaka makumi awiri ndi ziwiri. Osadziwa kuwerenga ndi kulemba Muhammad mozizwitsa ankawerenga malemba Mulungu analoweza kenako ikamawerengedwa anamva anzanu ndi amene ali. Mngelo Mohammed mobwerezabwereza mauthenga onse a Mulungu kuti lili m'Baibulo, ndiko kuti, mipukutu Adam Testament wa Abrahamu, Torah, Masalmo ndi Uthenga, ndipo anauza Uthenga Chatsopano. Iye ananena kuti uwu ndi u- Divine Chivumbulutso - Mulungu sadzakhalanso kutumiza anthu aneneri awo. Tsopano aliyense adzafa ngati akugona, kenako kuwuka ngati anadzuka, nthawi yomweyo afika pa bwalo la Mulungu, kodi ingathetsedwe zotsatira - akumwamba wosatha kapena gehena Yamuyaya.

Pofuna kutembenuza Chisilamu ndi okwanira Iyeyekha kukhulupirira Mulungu m'modzi, komanso chakuti Muhammad ndi mneneri wotsiriza. Pamaso pake anali Musa (Mose), Isa (Yesu), ndipo ena amene maina awo kusungidwa mu Malemba. Kukana umulungu wa Mohammed - onse mofanana kuti kukana kuchokera kwa Khristu ndi aneneri m'Chipangano Chakale.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti atumiki a matchalitchi kupitiriza kuyembekezera Yesu adzabwere ndi kumakana umulungu wa Mohammed. Pa nkhani imeneyi, tiyenera kukumbukira mawunikidwe F. M. Dostoevskogo, pamene analemba za tsoka ndi chisoni kwa Khristu, pamene Iye adzabwerera kachiwiri kwa anthu. Islam amatenga mneneri woona Isa ndi kukhulupirira kuti ziphunzitso zake makamaka oipa ndiponso ntchito ndi mamembala a mpingo wa Khristu si kuti athandize anthu ndi kuchita zinthu zochuluka osapembedza. Ichi ndi choonadi - khristu cha Uthenga Wabwino unalembedwa nthawi zambiri, m'zinenero zosiyanasiyana, ndipo nawonso, nthawi zonse kusintha. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, lemba ano n'zovuta kuyembekezera kudalirika koyamba. Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za njira choonadi chonse cha Khristu ndicho chinthu chopambana - ndi kuphunzira Arabic ndi kuwerenga Korani.

Mu chilungamo tisaiwale kuti Islam, ndipo si zonse ndi yosalala mwamtheradi. Dziko la chisilamu, mwatsoka, si wangwiro. Dissociation Asilamu ngati dissociation pakati pa anthu a chipembedzo chilichonse dziko. Ambiri mafunde akuluakulu a Islam - ndi Sunni, Shiites ndi Kharijites. Kusagwirizana pakati pawo chidawoneka chiyambi cha Islam wina ndi zinachititsa izi: choyamba, Sunnis, mosayang'anira analandira lemba la Chivumbulutso, lolembedwa ndi wina wa Mohammed Zaid Ibn Sabit (lembali imatengedwa ovomerezeka); Chachiwiri, Shiites kunena kuti Halif Osman wachotsa ku Baibulo ovomerezeka a lemba; chachitatu, Kharijites ankakhulupirira kuti sura 12 ayenera kuchotsedwa, chifukwa kufotokoza kwambiri zosafunikira mmene mkazi wa Potifara olemekezeka Aigupto amanyenga Joseph.

kaundula Muslims

Ambiri maphunziro mwatsatanetsatane kuti anatsimikizira choonadi cha Qur'an m'buku lino ngati vumbulutso lochokera kwa Mulungu, kapena ngati iwo akutchedwa ndi Asilamu Allah.

N'zochititsa chidwi zina zokhudza munthu ano ndi anthu, woperekedwa mu Quran, kwa nthawi yaitali sizinali bwino kuwerenga. tanthauzo zinaonekeratu patapita nthawi. Mu Qur'an, izo mwachidwi, ndi ena atulukira ndi sayansi kuti achita mu zaka zapitazi zana. Ofufuzawa amanena kuti mfundo bukuli, nthawi zambiri kuposa mlingo wa nzeru, amene anali mu zaka kulemba wake.

The lonse mabuku Chisilamu womangidwa kwa Qur'an ndipo zonse zokhudza malemba opatulika. Ife azungu Akhristu, asazindikire ndi bigot kapena wachinyengo munthu wotchulidwa kucheza Uthenga Wabwino, ndi nkhani wolembayo, amatikumbutsa Uthenga fanizo, taganizirani plagiarism. Osati mwamwayi, Yesu ananena kuti chiphunzitso chake ndi oipa ndiponso anthu kubweretsa mgwirizano ndi udani, Dzina lake adzatchedwa kuchita zoipa, ndipo mpingo wa Khristu wakhazikitsidwa mtumwi amene pa moyo wa nthawi Mpulumutsi atatu angamuperekere. Islam -. Chipembedzo, amagwilizanitsa anthu, ndi Koran lamulo zofunika pa dziko ochuluka okhala ngati Saudi Arabia, mu Emirates onse a ku Persian Gulf, komanso mu Libya, Pakistan, Iran, Iraq, Sudan ndi ena mchikhalidwe Moral M'buku ndi kuyeretsedwa ndi Mulungu mu chilungamo onse, nzeru ndi mphamvu ya chikoka pa anthu ndi wamphamvu kwambiri kuposa malamulo a ndondomeko yakale. Izi mapeto achilamulo ndi mwayi kuyerekeza mphamvu ya malamulo a Chisilamu States ndi zinthu zikuchitika m'mayiko ena.

Usiku wa Mphamvu. Eid al-Fitr

maholide onse Chisilamu akukhudzana chipembedzo. Usiku wa Mphamvu ndi mwambo wofunika kwambiri mu mbiri ya Asilamu, pamene mngelo Gabriel anaululira Muhammad mumpukutu woyamba uja. Izo chikondwerero chimenechi izi mu 27 usiku wa Ramadani. Pa masiku khumi yotsatira, Asilamu kupemphera kwambiri ndi mtima wonse, kupempha Mulungu kuti atipatse kukhululukidwa. Post, wotchedwa Ramadani, Chakumapeto kwa holide chachikulu - Eid al-Adha, pamene okhulupirira moni wina ndi mzake ndi umataya akupereka mphatso ndi ndalama kwa anthu ovutika. Ramadani chikuchitika mu miyezi ya chilimwe.

Nsembe. Eid al-Adha

The chachiwiri zofunika kwa tchuthi Muslim chikugwirizana ndi nsembe ya Ibrahim. Izo chikondwerero patapita masiku 70 pambuyo Eid al-Adha. Pa tsiku ili, Asilamu amasangalala kuti Allah Ibrahim anaonetsa mphamvu ya chikhulupiriro chawo ndi kudzipereka kotheratu ku chifuniro chake. Allah anavomera wodzichepetsa ndipo anathetsa nsembe anthu odala a kubadwa kwa mwana wake. nkhaniyi, mu Chipangano Chakale, kutsimikizira kugwirizana pakati pa zochita pa dera la Russia awiri zipembedzo zazikulu za mdziko, n'zimene kristu ndi m'Chisilamunso. Culture a zipembedzo awiri kungafanane, makamaka noticeable poyerekezera onyamula chikhulupiriro mu chikhalidwe zikuyenela, komanso umoyo ndale njira zikuchitika mu dziko ndi kunja.

Chiarabu - nyimbo olembedwa script

Mosiyana Christian Bible, Koran akuimira Patsamba, zomwe malemba ndi sanasinthe kuchokera kulemba choyamba. The Chiarabu n'zotheka ndi zofunika kuphunzira malemba. Izi zachitika pa dziko lonse lapansi. Kuti ndi Islam - chipembedzo ndi chikhalidwe iyo siingakhoze anapatukana. Chabwino, stringy, pakhosi ndi chinenero nyimbo kwambiri ngati chirengedwe analengedwa kuwerenga mapemphero. Iye sali molakwika Americanisms kapena zina Newspeak. Ang'ono ndi wachisomo ligature makalata Arabic, ngati mlendo yodabwitsa yakulenga - ulemerero wokongola kwa mkati. Image makalata pa kalata - tsopano luso Zilembozo zinkasonyeza, amene ayenera kunyadira Islam. Chikhalidwe cha mayiko a ku Ulaya chaka chilichonse umakhala ndi zambiri konsekonse, sizikutanthauza wosazindikira - mu sukulu zasekondale kale anathetsa wotchi pa kulowa kwa cholembedwa, kujambula ndi kupenta anakana sizingawapindulire. Ndipo ichi pa nthawi imene mayiko Arab, m'magulu onse a anthu amaphunzitsidwa chinenero cha Koran. Kuphunzira zilembo mbadwa, iwo zasungidwa ndi malamulo a dziko lawo, amene ali wamba onse. Kusiyanitsidwa njira amangonena za kuchuluka chofunika zopereka - osauka kwathunthu asamagwire iwo, pamene olemera ali kulipira kuwonjezeka ndalama. Ife amalitchula misonkho kupata ndi maloto kuti tsiku lina m'njira imeneyi ntchito, ndipo m'dziko lathu.

Zilembo Arabic 28 makalata ndi mitundu anayi lolembapo aliyense za mawu, kuwonjezera, mawonekedwe munthu amadziŵika. Zinamuyendera tione ligatures wokongola kutanthauza mawu ena kapena osakaniza makalata. Iwo kukongoletsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Akuti chitukuko Chisilamu posapita nthawi adzawathamangitsa Mkhristu. N'zovuta kutsutsana chilichonse.

Wapadera kusiyana chikhalidwe cha Chisilamu

Zina chikhalidwe cha Chisilamu angaoneke osati kwathunthu zomveka, koma tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ndi ovuta kuwamvetsa - sizitanthauza zoipa. Koma pali vuto ubale pakati pa anthu ndi miyambo ya ukwati, njira ya kunena zakukhosi, ndi zina zotero. D. Quran limanena kuti anthu onse ndi ofanana ngati mano, ndipo palibe kusiyana pakati pa Arab ndipo sanali Arab, loyera kapena lakuda. Onse - amuna ndi akazi, anthu ndi mayiko - ayenera kuyesetsa pomvetsetsana ndi kuyesera kuchita zabwino wina ndi mnzake.

chikhalidwe cha Chisilamu ayenera kunyadira zipilala zazikulu za zomangamanga. Ndi misikiti, mausoleums, nyumba zachifumu, mipanda, osambira, etc. Mbali awo ndi osiyana -. Kukongoletsa ndi wosakhwima Pantchito za zolemba calligraphic, masamba ndi maluwa. nyumba zonse anali muyere. chilankhulo chawo, chikhalidwe, mtundu, ubwino chosaoneka ndi maso, ndi katundu Asilamu ndazindikira monga mtengo, imafalikira anthu ndi Allah kuti likasungidwe. Zimenezi zimatchedwa Amanat. Ndipo n'chifukwa kutamanda mwanaalirenji ndi chiyero cha Islam. Chikhalidwe cha chipembedzo amalipira msonkho kwa kukongola analengedwa ndi manja a anthu, chifukwa cha ulemerero wa Mulungu ndi madalitso Ake.

Mosque - nyumba zikuluzikulu za chikhulupiriro Muslim. Apa okhulupirira kulambira Mulungu. The misikiti ndi pemphero la onse, kuwerenga ulaliki wokhulupirika tasonkhana pano kuti akonze zofunika. Mizikiti pali nthawi pasukulu anthu amene akufuna kuphunzira Arabic.

The lodziwika bwino nkhani yachikondi

Ponena za chikhalidwe cha Chisilamu, sitingathe kunyalanyaza wotchuka Taj Mahal ndi mbiri kugwirizana. mausoleum izi, kapena nyumba yachifumu manda, Sultan inamangidwa ndi Mughal Mfumu Shah Jahan pokumbukira mkazi wake Mumtaz Mahal amene adamkonda chikondi chake chosatha. Ana a Tamerlane, anamanga ndi maofesi ena, chodabwitsa zipangizo m'maganizo mwanaalirenji ntchito ndi zovuta za kamangidwe, kusiya wolemba nkhani ndi mbiri za m'ma 17 Inayatullah Canby. Iye anali epic yonse ya Mughal mafumu, "Behar-e Danesh." About Shah Jahan zinalembedwa m'buku "Tarikh-e delgusha" monga wolamulira, kuika ufumu waukulu anangotsala pang'ono zachuma. chifukwa chagona mu zinyalala yaikulu wamataya, komanso ambiri analephera nkhondo imene Shah anapita, kupeza chitonthozo wathunthu. Pamodzi ndi iye nthawi zonse anapita akazi ake ang'ono ambirimbiri. Si onse akazi ndi ana kubwerera kwa ndawala moyo. Mumtaz Mahal adafanso pobereka, pamene limodzi ndi munthu asilikali. Zinali mwanayo 14 amene sanafe yomweyo pambuyo pa kubadwa. Iye anali ndi pakati n'kubereka ana zonse pafupifupi chaka chilichonse. Zonse mimba zimene zinachitika kale zinafika nthawi kusamba - chizindikiro kuti mkazi wangwiro monga a msangalabwi yoyera kumene mausoleum wapangidwa. Ndipo imfa pobereka akuti ndi ubwino wa akazi ndi chizindikiro cha chiyero. Mu Islam, akazi akhoza kugawidwa mu zoyera ndi zodetsedwa. Mumtaz Mahal mu ukwati wake ndi Shah zinali zoyera ndi anamwalira pobereka, imene chidwi.

Taj Mahal

The Taj Mahal inamangidwa zaka makumi awiri. Nyumba yachifumu zedi. tsiku White, m'mawa ndi madzulo kumakhaladi pinki, ndi usiku moonlit akuoneka adayikamo siliva. Cold kudzawala zitsulo kumaonekera madzi a thamanda ndi akasupe. Popeza kuyatsa magetsi izo zimayambitsa kumverera kwa kuwala kudziletsa gwero anabadwira ku makoma yosalala nyumba. Awa ndi katundu mitundu zina za nsangalabwi, anabweretsa kuchokera Rajasthan ili makilomita mazana atatu malo.

The mausoleum zikuphatikizapo zinthu zosiyanasiyana - kachisi ndi manda a Khan ndi mkazi wake, mizikiti awiri ndi paki ndi dziwe nsangalabwi.

Taj Mahal ndi osakaniza a Indian, Persian ndi Arabic masitaelo a kamangidwe kake. Linapangidwa ndi chosokonekera mtheradi. Aluso mapulani anapanga kotero kuti pamene kuonera kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zosiyanasiyana Palace ndi chidwi zotsatira kuwala.

Islam amaletsa zosonyeza zinyama ndi anthu. The woonda ndi wosakhwima Pantchito kuphimba slabs nsangalabwi, ndi zojambula maluwa ndi masamba, komanso akupanga ku Koran.

Malinga mkati ndi kunja ndi zinthu kukongoletsa ntchito theka-mtengo wapatali ndi miyala ya mtengo - carnelian, Malachite, nofeki, yade, sibu ndi ena. Amanenera, mitundu 28 zokha basi.

Pa banja ntchito ojambula zithunzi zoposa zikwi makumi awiri kuchokera ku mbali zonse za Mughal Ufumu. Bakuman ali kuti wamanga kumapeto kwa manja ntchito kukadulidwapo, kotero kuti sanalenge chirichonse changwiro kwambiri. Kaya zimenezi n'zoona kapena zovuta kunena. Ngati inu mukuganiza chiyani za izo, pomanga Taj Mahal limodzi ndi ndalama ngati mkulu chuma, ndi kotsutsana limakhala ndi njala, amene ali pafupifupi chaka zapha anthu mamiliyoni Amwenye, ndiye kulankhula za zimene akanatha anachita chinthu chiwawa Khan kapena ayi, sizimatanthauza. Kuti pali nkhani yekhayo amene anapha achibale onse, amene anayima mu njira yake ulamuliro wapamwamba. Komabe, mu ukalamba, ndipo iye anali kutsitsidwa ku mpando wachifumu. Mmodzi wa ana ake kupita njira ya bambo ake mwa kupha abale ake onse ndi remanded amangidwe Khan Jahan.

Taj Mahal ndi zofanana kwambiri ndi manda a agogo Khan Jahan a - mfumu yakumeneko Humayun, umene 1570 anamanga wamasiye yakumeneko a.

Panopa Taj Mahal ndi cimodzi za zozizwa za mdziko ndi kutetezedwa ndi UNESCO, koma nthawi ndi chowawa kusintha mu nyengo ndaika zovuta yachifumu atamuopseza chiwonongeko. Marble wotaya whiteness maziko sags - ming'alu.

Kuphatikiza chikhalidwe cha Chisilamu m'mayiko sanali Muslim

Pakali pano, ku dziko la chisilamu wakafika mayiko onse a Dziko Lapansi. Izi zikugwirizana ndi zotuluka pa Malemba, pamene pamati Mohammed anafika Earth kuti apulumutse anthu onse popanda kulekana kwa dziko ndi chipembedzo, pamene Mose - kokha kwa Ayuda, koma Khristu - Amitundu. Chibwenzi, Asilamu amadziona kotala ya anthu onse padziko lapansi, ndipo chiwerengero chawo ikukula. Ku Ulaya, ndondomeko ndi chifukwa Kusamuka kwa anthu ochokera m'mayiko South Asia. Ndi mlingo chomwecho, ngati si mofulumira, chikhalidwe cha Chisilamu amagonjetsa pa US, koma osati likuvutika yosamutsa - anthu ambiri amabwera mzikiti ndi kufunsa madalitso a Muftis, pofuna adziperekawo kuti agwirizane chikhulupiriro chilungamo ndi wololera. Modern Islam - chipembedzo cha mtendere ndi chifundo. Ndi zomvetsa chisoni kuti ena oimira ake mwadala kapena mwangozi aponyere mthunzi pa chipembedzo ndi anthu amene amachita. Si bwino. Pakuti zochitika zina zimene ankachita kagulu ka anthu, mulibe kuyankha Muslims onse. Izi ndi zofanana ndi za Akhristu amachititsa Nkhondo za Mtanda wamagazi ndi kusaka kumene kunachitika mu Ages Middle, pamene Islam, ndi njira, anali mu Chiyambi chake.