Israeli Nduna: mndandanda. Nduna ya Israel yaikulu yoyamba

Israel ndi wachinyamata dziko, amene Komabe, kani wolemera mu mbiri ndale. Ngakhale kuti m'dziko lino yokhala mutu wa boma ndi pulezidenti, ntchito chimbuzi cha lolamulira dziko anapatsidwa ndi nduna yaikulu ya Isiraeli. Iye ali mutu wa boma ndipo, nthawi zambiri, ikuimira boma pa mlingo lonse. Tiyeni tiphunzire mbiri zambiri mu mphamvu ya nduna yaikulu ya dziko Middle East.

Mndandanda wa nduna zazikulu a Israel

Kotero basi amene ndi nduna yaikulu ya Isiraeli? Lembani mu ndondomeko ya nthawi imene ili:

• Ben-Gurion (2 zina).
• Mose Charette (1 nthawi).
• Levi Eshkol (1 nthawi).
• Yigal Alon (1 nthawi).
• Golda Meir (1 nthawi).
• Itshak Rabin (2 zina).
• Menachem Yambani (1 nthawi).
• Yitzhak Shamir (2 zina).
• Shimon Peres (2 zina).
• Binyamin Netanyahu (2 zina).
• Ehudi Baraki (1 nthawi).
• Ariel Sharon (1 nthawi).
• Ehudi Olmert (1 nthawi).

Aliyense wa iwo unachita mbiri ya moyo wa Israyeli, monga Tikambirana pansipa.

kukhala boma

Woyamba Nduna ya Israel, anaikidwa ku Israel Knesset (yamalamulo) mu 1948. Anali Davide Ben-Gurion. munthu uyu anali kuyima pa chiyambi cha lamakono Israeli.

Mwina palibe wina wachita kwambiri kwa chitsitsimutso cha dziko la Ayuda, monga Ben-Gurion, chifukwa iye basi anaima pa mutu wa dziko Zionist kuyenda ndi Mapai. Choncho, mwachibadwa zokwanira, kuti nduna yaikulu kunapatsidwa kwa iye.

Premiership Ben-Gurion anagwetsa zaka zovuta kwambiri Israyeli, umene ndi kofunika osati kupanga mabungwe a boma, komanso kuonetsa mokwiya Arab kuti amafuna wokonzeka kuthana statehood Israyeli. Ndipo, ndiyenera kunena, ndi ntchito Israel Nduna kupirira kwakukuru.

Komabe, yankho la boma zofunika zokhudza lotero aukali chofunika khama ndi mphamvu. Izi sakanakhoza koma bwanji bwino kukhala shestidesyatisemiletnego David Ben-Gurion, ndipo mu 1953 anatula pansi. m'malo mwake ku positi nduna yaikulu Mose Sharett anakhala. Koma powona kuti utsogoleri watsopano wa dziko sangathe kulimbana ndi mkati ndi kunja mavuto onse, chaka chotsatira, Ben-Gurion anakakamizika kubwerera kwa ndale, kutenga mpando wa nduna za chitetezo.

Mu 1955 iye kachiwiri kusankhidwa Knesset, Nduna, ndi mu 1959 anali mpando ndi mavoti kachiwiri. Iye yapangitsa utsogoleri mpaka 1963. Kwayekha, anakakamizika kugonjera kusiyana pandale ndi gulu lake.

Anamaliza moyo wa Ben-Gurion, khumi pambuyo achire ku amchigulu.

Levi Eshkol

Potsatira yosiya wa Davide Ben-Gurion, nduna yaikulu anasankhidwa ndi Knesset, nthumwi ina yotchuka ya Mapai - Levi Eshkol. Pa udindo wake anatenga mu 1963, ndipo mu 1966 anali mpando ndi mavoti kwa akuti chachiwiri. Pamene anaphatikizidwa Mapai chipani Ahud phwando. A latsopano zandale, lotsogoledwa ndi Eshkol, ankatchedwa mayikidwe. Levi Eshkol anamwalira mu 1969, kuchita ntchito yake monga nduna yaikulu.

Yesu atafa ndi Eshkol. za. Nduna anakhala Malaga Alon. ntchito izi ziletso pa izo kwa masabata angapo, mpaka kusankha nduna yaikulu watsopano Knesset a.

A mkazi pa mutu wa boma

M'chaka oyambirira 1969 iye anasankhidwa kukhala nduna lotsatira yaikulu ya dziko la Israel. mkaziyo anali asanawerengepo wotanganidwa positi. Koma Golda Meir anakhala munthu woyamba ndi kutali woimira okha akazi fairer, kuvomereza katundu wa ulamuliro boma Israeli. Komanso, pafupifupi mmodzi wa akazi yoyamba padziko lonse, pamodzi ndi Indira Gandhi, amene anapambana udindo waukulu ndi cholowa, ndi kusankha. Pambuyo iwo anadza Way lonse andale wamkazi, amene anali atsogoleri a mayiko awo: Margaret Thatcher, Benazir Bhutto, Angela Merkel ...

Ngakhale a kugonana chosalimba, latsopano Nduna ya Israel, anasonyeza chinthu chimodzimodzi zinafunika nkhondo yolimbana ndi Mgwirizano wa Arab States, zomwe analola kuteteza wokhulupirika ndi ufulu wa boma. Komabe, imfa ndi lalikulu la asilikali Israel pa nkhondo zinachititsa kuti imfa ya kutchuka Golda Meir, ndipo ngakhale kupambana wina Moarh chipani, ikuimira masankho, mkazi yaikulu anakakamizika kusiya.

Kusintha a magulu andale mphamvu

Choncho, mu 1974, iye anakhala nduna yaikulu ya Israel Itshak Rabin. Komabe, kale mu 1977 chifukwa cha manyazi ndalama zokhudza dzina la mkazi wake, ndi zotsutsana ndi nduna ya silikhali Shimon Peres, Rabin anakakamizika kusiya. Koma kuti izi ndife otchuka ndale, pamene tikukamba za premiership yake yachiwiri.

The yosiya a Yitzhak Rabin anali chikhomo chochitika moyo andale a Isiraeli, monga nduna yaikulu lotsatira, Knesset anasankha nthumwi ya chipani Moarh (Mapai), monga kale anali patsogolo, ndi nominee wa Likud - Menachem Yambani. Mu 1983, pa mpando nduna yaikulu ya dzikolo m'malo ndi chipani chomwecho Itshak Shamir.

Kenako mu 1984, chipani anali wokhoza kubwerera mwachidule Moarh ukulu mu nkhope kwa Nduna Shimon Peres. Koma analamulira dziko kwa zaka ziwiri zokha, monga mu 1986, nthumwi ya Likud a Yitzhak Shamir anakhoza kupeza premiership.

Kubweranso kwa Yitzhak Rabin

Pambuyo kukumana yaitali ndi nzika Palestina a Isiraeli kukhala opanduka kufunafuna mtendere, choncho mu 1992 chisankho kwa Knesset sali wogonjetsedwa Likud chipani, kum'mamatira udindo okhwima mu madera wotanganidwa ndi kutha nkhondo umalimbikitsa gulu la Labor, pa nthawi ya sapota-kuchokera Mapai.

Mutu wa akuluakulu a boma anali zakale Nduna Israeli Yitzhak Rabin. premiership latsopano Rabin m'masiku anatchula mlingo kugwira nkhani mtendere ndi mabungwe Palestina. zokambirana izi pachimake akulankhulana m'chinenero chamanja kwakukuru mu mgwirizano Oslo ndi PLO mtsogoleri Yasser Arafat mu 1993. mapangano izi kupereka mapangidwe Wolamulira Palestina.

Koma anthu okonda mtendere malo a Yitzhak Rabin inatheka si onse Aisrayeli. nzika ukasintha okonda ankaona kuti adampereka zofuna za Israel. M'modzi wa ophunzira awo mu 1995 pa msonkhano anayesa kupha Yitzhak Rabin. Kulasa ndi monyanyira zida zankhondo, anali oopsa.

nduna yaikulu Next

Yotsatira Israeli Nduna, Shimon Peres, amene m'mbuyomu ndi premiership ankalamulira dziko la Pasanathe chaka. Mu 1996, kwa nthawi yoyamba mu Israel, kusankha kwa Nduna inkachitira mwachindunji ndi anthu, osati mwa Knesset. Wopambana ankhaimilira wa Likud chipani, Benjamin Netanyahu. Anakhala mfundo zambiri ochangamuka cha Palestinians kuposa anzake amene analipo m'mbuyomo. Komabe, mu 1999, Likud zowawa fiasco wonse masankho, ndipo Nduna Israeli Benjamin Netanyahu anatsanzika.

The ataikidwa kukhala nduna yaikulu ya Isiraeli, anali osankhidwa Ehudi Baraki wa Labor Party.

Zakachikwi zatsopano

Komabe, kale mu 2001 ndi Likud anapezanso malo awo. Nduna yaikulu Ariel Sharon anayamba, imene ubale ndi Palestinians kamodzinso sakuyenda. Inali pa nthawi iyi intifada Arab kunabuka - polimba Palestinians ndi Aisrayeli.

Mu 2005 panali kugawanika mu Likud. Nduna Israeli Sharon anatuluka ndi mbali ya umembala wake ndi bungwe Kadima phwando. Koma m'chaka chomwecho pa mutu wa boma anali kudwala kwambiri. Iye sitiroko. Mu 2006, Sharon, chikomokere, anatsimikizidwa sangathenso ndi kuchotsedwa mphamvu. Icho chinali choyamba ngati nkhani ya walekana ndi ofesi ya boma ku Israel. Ariel Sharon anamwalira mu 2014, konse anatuluka chikomokere lapansi.

Yotsatira nduna yaikulu ya Isiraeli ku Kadima, Ehudi Olmert ankalamulira dziko mpaka 2009, pamene positi m'malo ndi nthumwi za kupikisana ndi mphamvu ya zandale Likud, Benjamin Netanyahu, wachita m'mbuyomu malo. Iye ali mutu wa nduna za dziko mpaka lero.

Imeneyo ndiyo mbiri mwachidule za kusintha kwa nduna yaikulu ya dziko la Israyeli.